Erdődy

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Erdődy coat of arms

The Erdődy [ ˈɛrdøːdi ] family is a Hungarian magnate dynasty that was first mentioned in 1187 under the name Bakoch de Genere Erdewd and named itself after the place Erdőd (Romanian: Ardud ).

It took its rise with Cardinal Tamás Bakócz , Archbishop of Esztergom (1442–1521), who acquired numerous estates. The Erdődy also remained mostly Catholic during the Reformation . The members of the Erdődy family were always loyal supporters of the Habsburgs and repeatedly provided the Ban of Croatia (see also the list of Bane of Croatia ). From 1728 several lines split off.

history

Portrait of Cardinal Tamás Bakócz
Varaždin Castle (Croatia) in the county of the same name , which bears the coat of arms of Count Erdődy
Hlohovec Castle , Slovakia (Hungarian: Galgóc)

The family is mentioned for the first time in 1187 (under the name Bakoch de Genere Erdewd in Szatmar County ). There is the place Erdőd (Romanian: Ardud ). In 1319 the Capitolum Transylvaniae shows that Nikolaus Bakoch belonged to the Hungarian nobility .

The rise of the family began with Tamás Bakócz de Erdewd , who was Archbishop of Esztergom , Cardinal and Latin Patriarch of Constantinople . He was also Chancellor of Hungary under Matthias Corvinus , Ladislaus II and Ludwig II , whom he also crowned. Bakocz was often referred to abroad as the second king of Hungary. After the death of Pope Julius II , he was almost elected Pope. In 1485 he was raised to the status of Hungarian count by Matthias Corvinus. The Erdődy house is the first Hungarian family to be raised to the rank of count.

Cardinal Tamás Bakócz died in 1521 and left his nephew a huge fortune, which also included the possessions of Monyorókerék (= Eberau Castle , Burgenland), Jánosháza (Vas County), Somlóvár and Monoszló (both in Veszprém County) (hence the name Count Erdődy de Monyorókerék) Monoszló ). With him the rise to the family of magnates begins.

After Bakócz several important people followed who directed the fortunes of Hungary:

  • Peter I Venetianus was the supreme general under the kings Ludwig II and Ferdinand I. When his son got into conflict, he moved to Venice, where he was accepted into the patriciate of the Republic of Venice .
  • Peter II (son of Peter Venetianus) was also the supreme commander of the Hungarian army and, as a knight, a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece . He was the first Banus of Croatia from the Erdődy house, which of all families of the high nobility gave the Banus the most frequently. Peter Erdődy led the Hungarian troops to support the emperor in the Schmalkaldic War , for which Emperor Maximilian II raised him to imperial count in 1565 and imperial prince in 1566.
  • Peter III was also Banus of Croatia and was able to beat the Turks repeatedly, for which the Erdődy received the title of hereditary mountain span of Warasdin / Varaždin.

Georg Erdödy founded the estates in Hlohovec (around 1730) and was known for maintaining his private orchestra in Pressburg. For a long time he was the legal representative for his nephew Prince (and later Prince) Paul Esterházy.

Joseph Erdödy was Chancellor of Hungary and Transylvania at the Imperial Court and was made a Knight of the Golden Fleece by Emperor Franz I for his services. The emperor visited his chancellor in 1802 at his castle in Hlohovec, which was renovated and rebuilt in honor of the emperor and thus received its present form.

During the centuries that followed, the Erdődy family continued to play a very important role in the politics of Hungary and the Habsburg monarchy.

Connection to the Catholic Church

In contrast to many other noble families of the Habsburg hereditary lands , the Erdődy remained mostly Catholic even during the Reformation . The Ban Peter II. Erdődy (1504–1567) - a relative of Hans Ungnad (1493–1564) - became Protestant, his son Tamás Erdődy (1558–1624), who had been taught at the Jesuit school in Großwardein , entered in 1570 as Twelve years old converted to Catholicism three years after his father's death.

It is noticeable that in addition to Bakócz there were nine other members of the family, bishops and cardinals of the Catholic Church, and that especially in western Hungary, many monasteries and church foundations (such as the Ohics monastery in Croatia) go back to them.

Connection to the imperial family

Rotenturm Castle , Burgenland

The Erdődy were always loyal followers of the Habsburgs, which brought them a huge fortune and extensive lands in Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia, especially in the later centuries. You took on important offices and tasks in the administrative apparatus of the Danube Monarchy, including for a long time the Hungarian Court Chancellery and the position of Banus of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia. Count Stephan Erdődy (1812-1896) mediated during the revolution of 1848/49 , represented Hungary in the Hungarian-Croatian settlement of 1867 and had the Rotenturm Castle built in 1864 . His son Thomas Graf Erdődy was secretary and adjutant of the last Austrian emperor Karl I and as such was involved in the affair of the Sixtus letters and in 1921 in the failed attempts at restoration by Karl after the proclamation of the First Republic. He led the peace negotiations with France, which were unsuccessful.

Art patrons

Countess Anna Maria von Erdődy (1779–1837) was a close friend of Beethoven . In 1808 he lived with her in Vienna in the house Krugerstraße No. 1074. Later he dedicated the piano trios op. 70 (1809), the sonatas for violoncello and piano op. 102 (1817) and the canon "Glück, Glück zum new year "WoO 176 (1819).

Alongside the Esterházy , the Erdődy are counted among the most important art patrons in Hungary. The composers Ignaz Pleyel and Joseph Haydn were in the service of the house. In Leopoldstadtl , the Erdődy owned one of the largest private opera houses in Hungary.

Before the annihilation by the Red Army, the castles of Hlohovec and Monoszló were considered to be the most artful houses in the country. In the chapel in Hlohovec there was the famous Galgócz statue until 1945, an old German wood carving which had previously stood on the altar in the cathedral in Pressburg and in front of which 12 Hungarian kings had been crowned. In addition, the coronation mantle of Mathias Corvinus was kept in Hlohovec Castle, which is exhibited today in the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest.

After the First World War

After the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the Erdődy possessions dispersed to the successor states of the monarchy, which also led to a considerable reduction in possessions due to expropriations (around 1925 Varaždin Castle in the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , today in Croatia). The final collapse, however, only brought about the Second World War . During the war, the Bavarian royal family, related to the Erdődy, stayed at Somlóvár Castle, as they had fled from the Nazis. When the Red Army marched in, it forced the majority of the family to flee west and resulted in the extensive expropriation and destruction of the estates and castles.

Eberau Castle in Burgenland ( Hungarian: Monyorókerék ) has been owned by the family (Count Paul Erdődy) since it was acquired by Prince Primate Tamás Bakócz in 1496 (with interruptions from 1557 to 1613). The Schloss Kohfidisch was in the 17th century instead of belonging to Eberau Meier yard built and is now owned by Alexander Freiherr von Kotwitz born -Erdödy, adopted son of the Countess Johanna Palffy-Daun Erdődy.

Possessions

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Erdődy  - collection of images, videos and audio files