Kottwitz (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Kottwitz

A noble Silesian family von Kottwitz , von Kotwitz , von Kotwitzs comes from a parent house of the same name whose founding village, called Kottwitz , was mentioned in 1203 by Duke Heinrich I in a deed of foundation of the Trebnitz monastery. Today in Polish Kotowice near Breslau . There was a Moravian / Bohemian, a Silesian / Polish, a Rhenish, a Franconian and a Saxon line of those von Kottwitz in the period 1300–1400. Historians have not yet succeeded in breaking up the complicated family ties. The Teutonic Order plays an important role in the career of the von Kottwitz family. In 1367, Emperor Charles IV exempted Friedrich von Kottwitz from sixteen years of taxes because of his loyal service in the Polish wars, confirmed the letters of grace and promised to promote his sons to "royal service". In the Sachsenspiegel , the von Kottwitz family, called Kottbus in Latin, is dubbed as originating from Franconia around 1220–1235. That this family came first from Moravia, then Saxony and Franconia, is proven by early mentions in old registers beginning around 864.

history

Brunzelwaldau Palace around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection , owned by the Kottwitz family for several centuries
  • The Silesian - Polish von Kottwitz . On January 21, 1216, "Hugo de Kotenwiz" appeared in a document in a sales deed for the Alt-Celle monastery near Nossen (document no. 200 in the State Archives in Dresden ). The ancestry assumed by the family of a noble family Pochner who immigrated to Silesia from Carinthia is not determined, they took the family name from their estate, a place called Kottwitz. Later the family was raised to the Bohemian baron class.
  • Another Franconian line of the von Kottwitz family , called Kottwitz von Aulenbach from the 16th century , turned to Franconia in the 13th century , where it had a different coat of arms (Widderhorn). The place of origin was Klingenberg am Main , the line died out in the 17th century. Those von Kottwitz and von Fechenbach sat as siblings with the same coat of arms at Sommerau Castle. The Teutonic Order awarded 55 fiefdoms in Franconia to the Kottwitz. The author of the Sachsenspiegel , Eike von Repgow (1215–1233), wrote in his introduction: "De von Chlodent, de von Crouzke , de von Kotebuz, di sint alle Franken". With this he named the knights and their men who took part in the eastward expansion in the 13th century, who came from (holy) Kreuz (Wertheim) and those from Kotbus / Kottwitz who came from Klingenberg / Aschaffenburg. In the 14th and 15th centuries they provided in the Teutonic Order and u. a. on the Ordensburg Henneburg near Prozelten and on the Marienburg their knight and ministral services. The family was active in the Aschaffenburg, Mönchberg, Wildenstein (bailiff 1460–1482), Miltenberg and Wertheim area. As recently as 1557, an inheritance, an Aschaffenburg house, was exchanged for the court residence of the ore monastery Mainz in Klingenberg am Main. This house was converted into a city palace in the Renaissance style in 1560.
  • A Main-Franconian line that produced a bishop of Aschaffenburg around 1300 bore the crest of a cancer. The heraldic animal, the cancer, is immortalized by Fredehelm von Cottbus / also Kotwitz (+1307) in the city arms of Cottbus. On March 5, 1351, a servant Walter Kottwitz ("Cotdebucz") is mentioned in a document from the Aschaffenburg Jesuits.
  • A Rhenish noble family von Kotwitzs had a coat of arms with three silver stars in a blue field.
  • A Meissen noble family from the place of the same name in the Hayn office will probably be of Franconian origin. It produced Heinrich von Kottwitz as Chancellor of Landgrave Friedrichs in Thuringia in 1364 and Otto von Kottwitz as Marshal of Marckgraf Friedrichs in 1329. They had their own coat of arms that differed from the others.

Personalities

  • Wenzel von Kottwitz (mentioned in 864 and 871) saved Emperor Ludwig II's life during the war
  • Niklas von Kottwitz (mentioned in 912), a "favorite" of Emperor Ludwig
  • Albert von Kottwitz (1053), war hero in Moravia
  • Mathias von Kottwitz (1187), faithful to the emperor Barbarossa
  • Albert and Heinrich Codebuz (1222, 1223) witnesses for the Counts of Rieneck
  • Konrad von Kottwitz (⚭ 1239 Leonore von Waldstein ), was in Syria with Emperor Friedrich II
  • Albert Kodebuz (1255–1267) witness for the Counts of Wertheim and Schenken von Klingenberg
  • Gernot, called Kottwitz, Ritter (1261) sells his house in the Bachgau town of Mosbach to the Johanniterkloster
  • Bernhard von Kottwitz (1273), served Emperor Rudolf I of Habsburg , receiving homage from the Electors a. Stands in Speyer
  • Walther and Linhart Kottwitz (1280), Burgmannen zu Prozelten Deutschordensburg
  • Fredehelm von Cottbus (? –1307), also Frehelm von Kottwitz, Franconian Aschaffenburg coat of arms giver (cancer) for the Lausitzer Cottbus, which was written in the maps Kotvitz, Kottwitz before 1500
  • Frehebelin von Kodebuz (1308), Magdeburg servant of Marckgrafen Dietrich of Thuringia, Osterland and Lausitz
  • Otto von Kottwitz (1329), Marshal of Marckgrafen Friedrich in Meissen
  • Gernod Kottwitz (1312-1330), mayor of Wertheim a. Main
  • Nikolaus von Kotewicz (1332), witness of the purchase of monastery property in Sprottau, certificate Heinrich, Duke of Silesia, Glogau and Lord von Sagan 1332 Sept. 30.
  • Nykil von Kotvycz (Kottwitz) (1334) Witness to Duke Johann v. Silesia, 1334 July 25, Glogau City Archives (Cod. Dipl. Sil. XXVIII, p. 20)
  • Friedhelm von Kottwitz (1349), witness such as B. Landgrave von Leuchtenberg in the Kaiser Karl Regest CHRONICON SCHWARZUBVRGICV M 347
  • Walther Kottwitz (1354), mayor of Wertheim, called "the great Kotbußen", sat in Sommerau
  • Günther von Kottwitz (1359), archdeacon and canon of Zeitz and Meißen, transfer of land to Bürgel Monastery
  • Cunz Kottwitz (Kotwocz) (1385), bailiff of the German Order Coming Procelten, his brothers are Walter and Fritz
  • Heinrich von Kottwitz (1364), Chancellor of Marckgrafen Friedrich in Thuringia
  • Nickel von Kölln (von Kottwitz at Castle Kölln near Brieg, Polish Brzeg, Old Cologne, Polish Stave Kolnie) (1394 Prague), sat on Trawtnaw (Trautenau) the strict knight for the release of King Wenceslas 18 guilders per armed shooter ( Arnau City Archives)
  • Reinold Kottewicz (1397), knight and servant of Duke Konrad v. Oels-Kosel, from August 17, 1397 also the cities of Glogau, Krossen and Sprottau
  • Nickel von Kottwitz (1410), the most important mercenary leader of the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Tannenberg , was in command of at least 150 spears under Heinrich von Schwelborn (Commander of Tuchel), Bohemian origin in 1362, Cologne line at Brieg, Spremberg, Crossen, Sagan, Sprottau
  • Albrecht von Kottwitz (1415), Ballei Böhmen, German Order mentioned September 1415
  • Jan von Kottwitz (1415), German Order, friar in Prussia
  • Johann Leonard Kottwitz von Aulenbach (1513–1575), Kurmainzische councilor, marshal and bailiff of Lohr, Miltenberg, Klingenberg, Orb and Hausen
  • Balthasar Hieronymus von Kottwitz, 1678–1679 fortress commander of Stolpen
  • Hans Ernst von Kottwitz (1757–1843), philanthropist and leader of the revival movement
  • Hugo von Kottwitz (1815–1897), Prussian infantry general
  • Karl Wilhelm von Kottwitz (1718–1788), Prussian colonel
  • Wolf Dietrich von Kottwitz (1889–?), German administrative lawyer

Coat of arms of the five Kottwitz families

line Surname places comment coat of arms
Silesian-Polish from Kottwitz Kottwitz near Breslau, Kotowice Barons of Kottwitz

On March 23, 1721 he was raised to the Bohemian baron class in Vienna. The controversial millstone representation finds an answer in the "Schlesische Coriositäten ....", Wappenbuch 1720 Leipzig by Johannes Sinapius. In 1570 Christoph von Kottwitz and Hartau married the daughter of the knight Hans von Ebersbach a. Brunzelwalde. These von Ebersbach, who came from Bavaria before 1400, had two upright millstones with three red-white-red ostrich feathers in their crest in their coat of arms. These millstones will later be shown cut in half in the coat of arms for the Barons' Elevation. This Ebersbacher helmet ornament was graphically modified in 1721 for the new Silesian von Kottwitz coat of arms. The four-fold alternating colors of white and red in the shield of those of Ebersbach are now only shown crossed twice in the von Kottwitz coat of arms. This Silesian-Polish. Line bears the name Kottwitz because they were based in one place Kottwitz. The previous family name is said to have been Pochner from Carinthia, this assumption has not been proven. It is more likely that it is also a branch from Franconia, like the Saxon-Bohemian line.

The coat of arms has a red bar in its origin in silver. The improved one has a half natural millstone on the helmet with red and silver covers, in front of it a red shaft with seven black cock feathers. The coat of arms of the Barons von Kottwitz is square in red and silver and covered with a red heart shield , inside a silver bar. A variant shows a flat silver millstone in the heart shield instead of the bar; On the main shield rest two helmets with red and silver covers, on each one a rounded half silver millstone, each set in the middle with a red shaft carrying three black cock feathers. The variant shows the crest of the family coat of arms on the two helmets.

Coat of arms of the Barons von Kottwitz (variant)
Bohemia from Kottwitz on Draskov, on Stetkovic Kottwitz, Ritter von (Siebmacher plate 135, Bohemian nobility) Extinguished at the beginning of the 18th century -1534- Kaspar Ritter von Kottwitz, 1664- Abraham auf Draskov, Adam, Johann Fabian and Johann Andreas auf Stetkovic. Coat of arms: a red bar in silver. Gem: On a red-silver bead half a wagon wheel of three rims, in the upturned hub of which there is a black cock's plume (3: 3); Ceilings: red-silver
Kaspar Ritter von Kottwitz 1534
Franconian Kottwitz from Aulenbach Klingenberg / a. Main, Prozelten, Wertheim am Main Teutonic Order: In 1302 documents from the Aschaffenburg Jesuit College, the brothers Walter and Gottfried Kottwitz are named with Ulrich von Prozelten as the Vogt of the Teutonic Order Castle. 1339 u. In 1351 they were named “noblemen” and named “Kodebuz”. "Cotdebucz" called. Gottfried v. In 1342 Kottwitz called himself "Gottfried von Aulenbach". The Rüd von Kollenberg / Collenburg Lord of the Teutonic Order Castle on the Main also signed the v. Kottwitz together purchase documents.
Coat of arms of Kottwitz von Aulenbach with horn
Franconian Fechenbach (noble family) Fechenbach owned half of the castle in Sommerau From 1365 to 1550 von Kottwitz and von Fechenbach had related possessions to Sommerau Castle near Klingenberg am Main. The coat of arms of the von Fechenbachs (von Collenburg) then turned to Amorbach, Bödigheim and Adelsheim is identical to the Kottwitz coat of arms.
Coat of arms of those of Fechenbach with horn
Rhenish from Kotwitzs Kotwitzs, an aristocratic family on the Rhine “The Kotwitzs had three silver stars in the blue field. On the helmet two buffalo horns with diagonal stripes of blue and silver, with a silver star between them. The helmet = deck is blue and silver. ”Wappenb. III.p.130
"Kotwitzs, an aristocratic family on the Rhine"
Aschaffenburg from Kottwitz cottbus
Cottbus is written as Kotwitz
 The shield with the crab depicting Friedhelm von Kotwitz / Kotbus adorns the city arms of Cottbus. Before 1581 the von Kotwitz belonged to the estates of the Heil. Rom. Reichs, they belonged to the "4 free gentlemen" (Nassau, Plauen, Kotwitz, Brandiss). This stand was free and entitled to participate in the Reichstag, page 77 in the book of arms of the Heil. Rom. Empire and general Christianity, by Martin Schrot, printed Munich 1581. The Kotwitz crab coat of arms seems to be older than the one with the horn, this coat of arms did not exist until 1342 with Gottfried von Aulenbach cancer
Coat of arms of the barons of Kotwitz (before 1581)
Bohemian-Saxon from Kottwitz Meissen, Kottwitz in the Haym office, Cologne near Brieg, Kottwitz / Czech Chotěvice; In the Okres Trutnov, Sagan / Zary, Sprottau German Order -

literature

  • Johann Friedrich Gauhen: Genealogical = Historical Adelslexicon. Leipzig 1740, pp. 1099-1102. (books.google.de)
  • Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Nobility Lexicon . Volume 3, Leipzig 1843, pp. 163-165. (books.google.de)
  • Benjamin Leupold: Age, fame, erudition and religion of the ancient von Kottwitz family . Memorandum published on the occasion of the marriage of Sigismund Freiherr von Kottwitz to Helene Dorothea Hippolite von Bassewitz on September 11, 1770 at Denkwitz in Lower Silesia . Liegnitz 1770 and 1780. Review in: Lausitzsches Magazin . Volume 3, Görlitz 1770, pp. 363-367. (books.google.de)
  • Johann Friedrich Fickelscherer: Some news from the family of the Lords of Kottwitz, from the old days. In: Lausitzisches Magazin. Volume 4, Görlitz 1771, pp. 265-270, 279-285. (books.google.de)
  • Gotha. Genealogy. Paperback of noble houses. 5th volume, 1904, p. 458ff. (digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de)
  • Siebmacher's New Book of Arms. 1605, p. 60, No. 13.
  • Genealogical-historical nobility lexicon. 1st part, column 846.
  • Legends of gender, name and coat of arms of the nobility of the German nation. P. 84.
  • On the family history of the Germans, especially the Meissnian nobility. P. 146.
  • Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Uradelige houses. 1904-1940.
  • Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Freiherrliche Häuser. 1865-1942, 1872, pp. 343ff. 1865, p. 515ff. (digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de)
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility. 21, 65.

Places called Kottwitz

The Kottwitz nobility founded numerous localities in the 14th and 15th centuries and gave them their names:

Footnotes

  1. ↑ ... but Konrad v. Kottwitz did a lot of credit to his family. It is he who is with kays. Friedrich II. Ao. 1239 came happily from Syria to Vienna, and with the baron Leonoren v. Waldstein was married, but died in the 76th year of his age, page 365 in Lausitzer Magazin or a collection of various treatises and news .... Third year 1770, Görlitz bey Joh. Friedr. Shearers

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Document collection on the history of the origins of cities and the introduction and spread of German colonists and rights in Silesia and Upper Lusatia
  2. ↑ XIV. Contribution to the history of the Lords of Kottbus . In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin: Journal of the Upper Lusatian ... Band 29 ( google.de ).
  3. ↑ Account books of the Deutschordens Ballei Böhmen 1382–1411, by Josef Hemmerle , 1967,: 4559 Prague 1367, Sept. 27
  4. ↑ Otto Posse (Ed.): Documents from the Margraves of Meissen and Landgraves of Thuringia. 1196–1234 (=  Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae . Main part I, volume 3 ). Giesecke & Devrient, Leipzig 1898, p. 162–163 (= No. 217) ( digital copy ). Tom Graber (ed.): Document book of the Cistercian monastery Altzelle. First part: 1162–1249 (=  Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae . Main part II, volume
     19 ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2006, p. 72-73 (= No. 48) ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Johann Friedrich Gauhen: Genealogical = Historical Adelslexicon. Leipzig 1740, p. 1102.
  6. ^ Johann Wilhelm Christian Steiner: Antiquities and history of the Bachgau in the old Maingau . 1861, p. 263 and 334 .
  7. ^ Rudolf Lehmann: Inventory of documents on the history of Niederlausitz up to 1400 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Graz 1968, p. 615 u. 254 .
  8. ^ University of Hamburg Library, German Order, source: Pr UB 1410.06.29- (1410) VI 29.0.0.
  9. ^ Pay book of the Teutonic Order 1410/1411 part. I, p. 140; Person index II, 1988 BÖHLAU Verlag KÖLN VIENNA
  10. ^ A b Carl August Lückenrath: Paul von Rusdorf, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order . Scientific archive, 1969, p. 248 .
  11. ↑ Balthasar Hieronymus von Kottwitz in the Dresden City Wiki
  12. ↑ Silesian Coriosities first presentation of the respectable families of the Silesian nobility by Johannes Sinapius, Leipzig 1720, under "von Ebersbach"
  13. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon. Volume VI, Limburg / Lahn 1987, p. 447 f.

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