Girona

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Girona municipality
Girona Cathedral over the Onyar River
Girona Cathedral over the Onyar River
coat of arms Map of Spain
Girona coat of arms
Girona (Spain)
Finland road sign 311 (1994-2020) .svg
Basic data
Autonomous Community : Catalonia
Province : Girona
Comarca : Gironès
Coordinates 41 ° 59 ′  N , 2 ° 49 ′  E Coordinates: 41 ° 59 ′  N , 2 ° 49 ′  E
Height : 70  msnm
Area : 39.14 km²
Residents : 101,852 (Jan 1, 2019)
Population density : 2,602.25 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 17001-17190
Municipality number  ( INE ): 17079
administration
Mayor : Maria Isabel Muradàs ( CDC )
Website : www.girona.cat
Location of the municipality
Girona, Spain location.png

Girona [ ʒiˈɾonə ] ( Spanish Gerona [ xeˈɾona ]) is a Spanish city ​​in northeast Catalonia . It has 101,852 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) and is the capital of the province of Girona and the Comarca of Gironès .

geography

Girona is located at the mouth of the Onyar (Spanish Oñar , 34 km long) in the Ter (208 km long). In the urban area, too, the Güell rivers (13.5 km) flow into the Ter and Galligants (4.5 km) into the Onyar.

Climate table

Girona
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
62
 
13
1
 
 
51
 
14th
2
 
 
50
 
17th
4th
 
 
67
 
19th
6th
 
 
71
 
22nd
10
 
 
60
 
27
14th
 
 
32
 
30th
17th
 
 
46
 
30th
17th
 
 
70
 
26th
14th
 
 
88
 
22nd
11
 
 
70
 
17th
5
 
 
56
 
14th
2
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, normal period 1981-2010
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Girona
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 13.1 14.1 16.7 18.8 22.4 26.6 30.1 29.8 26.1 21.8 16.6 13.6 O 20.8
Min. Temperature (° C) 1.1 1.7 4.1 6.2 10.1 14.3 17.1 17.0 14.1 10.5 5.2 2.0 O 8.7
Temperature (° C) 7.1 7.9 10.4 12.5 16.3 20.4 23.6 23.4 20.1 16.2 10.9 7.8 O 14.8
Precipitation ( mm ) 62 51 50 67 71 60 32 46 70 88 70 56 Σ 723
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 4.7 5.5 5.8 6.5 7.2 8.2 9.2 8.4 6.5 5.4 4.8 4.3 O 6.4
Rainy days ( d ) 4.9 4.9 5.1 7.1 7.3 5.1 3.2 5.1 6.5 6.4 5.2 4.7 Σ 65.5
Humidity ( % ) 75 73 70 69 68 63 59 65 70 75 76 76 O 69.9
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
13.1
1.1
14.1
1.7
16.7
4.1
18.8
6.2
22.4
10.1
26.6
14.3
30.1
17.1
29.8
17.0
26.1
14.1
21.8
10.5
16.6
5.2
13.6
2.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		62
51
50
67
71
60
32
46
70
88
70
56
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

history

The first inhabitants of the region were probably the Iberians . Later, the built Romans a fort that Gerunda was called. The Visigoths ruled Girona until it was conquered by the Moors . Charlemagne recaptured the city in 785 and made it one of the fourteen original counties of Catalonia (see also Girona ). In 793 Girona was destroyed, sacked and depopulated by Hisham I , the emir of Córdoba . In 878 Wilfried I struck Girona to the county of Barcelona . Alfonso II granted Girona city rights in the 12th century.

The former county became a duchy in 1351 when King Peter IV of Aragon passed the title of duke on to his first-born son Johann. In 1414 King Ferdinand I gave the title of Prince of Gerona to his first-born son, Alfons . The title Princesa de Girona is currently held by the Infanta Leonor of Spain .

The Moorish bathhouse

In the 12th century there was a large Jewish community in Girona. There was the seat of one of the most important Kabbalistic schools in Europe. The rabbi of Girona, Nachmanides , became the chief rabbi of Catalonia. The history of Girona's Jewish community ended in 1492 when the “ Catholic Kings ” expelled all Jews from Spain with the Alhambra Edict . The Girona Jewish Ghetto (called Call ) is one of the best preserved in Europe and one of the most famous tourist attractions.

There were several battles with France over the fortress of Girona during the 17th and 18th centuries. In the War of the Spanish Succession there was a major siege in 1711. During the war of freedom against the French, Napoleon ordered them to be captured in 1808. It was not until the third attempt ( siege of 1809 ) that the city fell into the hands of the French after a seven-month siege. The city walls were razed, which enabled the city to expand in the 19th century.

The period before the Spanish Civil War was marked by the social upheaval of the Great Depression , which is why officers of the Girona garrison supported General Francisco Franco's coup on July 19, 1936. After the coup d'état was suppressed in Barcelona , the soldiers of the garrison refused to obey the officers on July 22, 1936. Of the roughly 30,000 inhabitants of Girona at the time, 6,000 were organized in the syndicalist union CNT , which took over the administration of the city after the bloodless suppression of the coup in Girona. The initiated syndicalist reforms included not only the improvement of hygienic conditions through the rehabilitation of the sewage system but also the collectivization of companies. A total of 2,000 Gironesians went to the front to defend the republic . After the capture of Barcelona by Franco's troops on January 26, 1939, Prime Minister Negrín fled like many republican residents of Spain via Girona to France, where they were taken to the internment camp in Argelès-sur-Mer . On February 4, 1939, Franco's troops occupied the city. During the war, the city suffered devastation from fighting and siege by Franco's troops.

In 2016, the city was awarded the European Prize for its outstanding efforts to promote European integration.

Santa Maria Cathedral

Girona Cathedral
Cathedral floor plan

The most famous church in the city is the Santa Maria Cathedral , which has been worked on for centuries. The facade dates from the Baroque period (1659 to 1793), the outside staircase from the late 17th century. The church itself was started around 1300. The vault was not completed until the 17th century. The formation of the choir is based on the Barcelona Cathedral.

In 1417 there was a change of plan: The nave was now designed as a hall building - with a ribbed vault over a width of 23 meters and a height of 34 meters. This makes it the largest hall in the entire European Middle Ages. Small side chapels were drawn in between the buttresses.

The capitals of the cloister from the second half of the 12th century show great delicacy of execution, including the story of Jacob.

The carpet of creation

The carpet of creation

The Tapís de la creació ("Creation Carpet ") was very likely made in Girona at the turn of the 11th century. Since the loss of the lower edge and a shoulder, it still measures 4.15 × 3.65 meters. He shows colored silk embroidery on canvas. The focus is on the world ruler, the Pantocrator , as the creator god. The eight sectors of the outer circle radiate from this central medallion, which, especially in its lower part, depicts the creatures of the air and the sea, the creation of Eve from Adam's rib and the scene in which, with an abundance of extremely charming and naive details Adam gives their names to animals.

Outside of this visually visualized cosmogony, wrapped inwardly and outwardly by banners with quotes from Genesis , the symbolic shapes of the four winds convey the transition from circle to rectangle, which in turn is represented on the outside by a series of smaller, almost square picture fields with amiable representations of the months, the seasons and (in the middle of the top strip) the year is completed. Finally, the lowest image cycle, which has only been preserved in fragments, is set off from the otherwise predominant pastel tones by the strong red background and is dedicated to the finding of the Holy Cross by the Empress Helena in Jerusalem.

The design of the carpet is based on models adapted from Christianity, especially mosaics from the late Roman period.

Attractions

Promenade in the city center

education

The University of Girona has 14,000 students.

Economy and Infrastructure

Girona has Girona International Airport , which is used as an alternative airport by low-cost airlines for Barcelona.

Girona has been connected to the Madrid – Barcelona high-speed line since 2013 , which has meanwhile been extended to France via LGV Perpignan – Figueres , where it is connected to LGV in France.

kitchen

One of the best restaurants in the world, El Celler de Can Roca , is located in Girona.

Sports

The soccer club FC Girona has played in the highest Spanish league, the Primera División , since 2017 .

sons and daughters of the town

Town twinning

literature

  • Fritz René Allemann / Xenia von Bahder: Catalonia and Andorra . Cologne [1980] 4th edition 1986. (DuMont Art Travel Guide), p. 114, fig. 20–27. Color plate 9.10
  • Marcel Durliat : Romanesque Art . Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 1983. Color plate 157 (carpet) Figs. 284–285
  • Alain Erlande-Brandenburg : Gothic Art . Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Vienna 1984, fig. 856
  • Nikolaus Pevsner: European architecture from the beginning to the present . Munich 3rd edition 1973, p. 200

Web links

Commons : Girona  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
  2. ↑ Ley 2/1992, de 28 de febrero, por la que pasan a denominarse oficialmente Girona y Lleida las provincias de Gerona y Lérida ( Memento of the original of February 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Spanish law of 28 February 1992 designating the provinces of Girona and Lleida . (Spanish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.boe.es
  3. ↑ Augustin Souchy : Night over Spain. Anarcho-Syndicalists in Revolution and Civil War 1936–39 . A factual report (1955). New edition Alibri Verlag, Aschaffenburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-86569-900-8 , p. 124.
  4. ^ Sub-Committee on the Europe Prize: Girona in Spain is the winner of the 2016 Europe Prize. In: Website of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe . April 19, 2016, archived from the original on August 22, 2016 ; accessed on August 22, 2016 (English).