Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington

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Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington
Coat of arms of Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington

Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, 4th Earl of Cork KG PC (born April 25, 1694 , † December 3, 1753 in Chiswick ) was a British nobleman and architect and garden designer .

Life

Boyle was born to Charles Boyle, 2nd Earl of Burlington, 3rd Earl of Cork into a wealthy aristocratic family. He was baptized on May 3, 1694 in St James's Church in Westminster . At the age of ten he inherited his father's title of nobility and his extensive lands in Yorkshire and Ireland when he died . From a young age he was a patron of the arts and was interested in the visual arts, music and literature. He let the poet John Gay and the composer Georg Friedrich Handel live in Burlington House , who dedicated three operas to him. He also supported the poet Alexander Pope .

Boyle was one of the main initiators of English Palladianism . He was a great patron of the arts of the 18th century. In England, he owned the Londesborough Hall estate in Yorkshire and two houses in what is now London , one on Piccadilly Street in Westminster and one in Chiswick .

Act

In three Grand Tours in 1714, 1719 and 1726 he toured the European continent, especially Italy, where he came into contact with Italian architecture. He was hardly interested in the architecture of Roman antiquity, but rather in the interpretations by Scamozzi , Inigo Jones and Andrea Palladio . He amassed a collection of drawings by Jones and Palladio (British Architectural Library in London) that inspired most of his own buildings. He also commissioned numerous illustrations of Palladio's building.

His first project was Burlington House in 1719, his own house in Piccadilly, on which James Gibbs initially worked, who Boyle dismissed after his return from the continent. Boyle himself now worked with the Scottish architect Colen Campbell and the interior designer William Kent on the renovation of the house. The Burlington House courtyard is believed to be the first implementation of New Palladianism in the United Kingdom. Around 1721 he devoted himself to a house at 29 Burlington Street, in particular, the collaboration with William Kent proved to be lasting: Together they designed the Chiswick House , a small mansion, which was the octagonal shape of Palladio's mansion , from 1725 to 1729 Rotonda near Vicenza (built 1550) takes up. There are no bedrooms or a kitchen at Chiswick House, the only purpose being to house Boyle's architectural library and collection. The garden, which goes back above all to William Kent and Charles Bridgeman , is considered to be the earliest example of the picturesque reproduction of an ancient landscape and thus the forerunner of the English landscape garden . The Egyptian Hall in York (1731 to 1736) is considered the highlight of Boyle's work.

By the early 1730s, Palladianism had become the dominant style for country manors and public buildings.

family

His wife Dorothy with daughter Charlotte

He married Lady Dorothy Savile on March 21, 1721, daughter of William Savile , 2nd Marquess of Halifax . With her he had three daughters:

He died on December 3, 1753 in Chiswick and was buried in the family vault on Londesborough on December 15. Since he left no male offspring, his English titles Earl of Burlington and Baron Clifford of Lanesborough expired with his death. His English title Baron Clifford could also be inherited in the female line and fell to his surviving daughter Charlotte. His Irish titles, Earl of Cork , Viscount Dungarvan , Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky and Baron Boyle of Youghal , fell to his closest male relative, his third cousin John Boyle, 5th Earl of Orrery .

literature

  • Thomas Finlayson Henderson: Boyle, Richard (1695-1753) . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 6, Smith, Elder & Co., London 1886, pp. 117-118.
  • George Edward Cokayne , Vicary Gibbs (Eds.): The Complete Peerage . Volume 2, Alan Sutton Publishing, Gloucester 2000, pp. 432 f.
  • Richard Boyle, 3rd earl of Burlington - biography - English architect . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . ( online ).
  • Jacques Carré: Lord Burlington's Garden at Chiswick . tape 1 , no. 3 , 1973, ISSN  0307-1243 , OCLC 5547950461 , pp. 23-30 , JSTOR : 1586331 .
  • Hanno-Walter Kruft: History of Architectural Theory. Munich 1985, ISBN 3-406-30767-1 , p. 269.
  • John Harris: The Palladian revival: Lord Burlington, his villa and garden at Chiswick . Ed .: Center canadien d'architecture, Carnegie Museum of Art, Royal Academy of Arts. Yale University Press, New Haven 1994, ISBN 0-300-05983-3 .
  • Howard Colvin: A biographical dictionary of British architects, 1600-1840 . Paul Mellon Center for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, New Haven 1995, ISBN 0-300-06091-2 , pp. 147-152 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, 4th Earl of Cork. In: parksandgardens.org. Retrieved August 20, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Dorothea Schröder: Georg Friedrich Handel . CH Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-56253-2 , p. 59 ( books.google.de ).
  3. ↑ a b c Richard Boyle, 3rd earl of Burlington - biography - English architect . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . ( online ).
  4. ↑ Alexander Chalmers: The General Biographical Dictionary Containing an Historical and Critical Account of the Lives and Writings of the Most Eminent Persons . J. Nichols, London 1812, p. 370 ( books.google.de ).
predecessor Office successor
Charles Boyle Earl of Burlington
1704-1753 		Title expired
Charles Boyle Earl of Cork
1704-1753 		John Boyle
Charles Boyle Baron Clifford
1704-1753 		Charlotte Cavendish
personal data
SURNAME Boyle, Richard, 3rd Earl of Burlington
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Burlington, Richard Boyle 3rd Earl of; Cork, Richard Boyle 4th Earl of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British nobleman and gentleman architect
DATE OF BIRTH April 25, 1694
DATE OF DEATH December 3, 1753
Place of death Chiswick