Chiswick
| Chiswick | |||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 30 ′ N , 0 ° 16 ′ W | ||
| OS National Grid | TQ205785 | ||
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| Residents | 40,534 (as of 2001) | ||
| surface | 5.72 km² (2.21 mi² ) | ||
| Population density: | 7086 inhabitants per km² | ||
| administration | |||
| Post town | LONDON | ||
| ZIP code section | W4 | ||
| prefix | 020 | ||
| Part of the country | England | ||
| region | London | ||
| London Borough | Hounslow | ||
| British Parliament | Brentford and Isleworth | ||
Chiswick [ ˈtʃɪzɪk ] is a district of London in the south-western borough of Hounslow .
geography
Geographical location
Chiswick is halfway between central London and Heathrow Airport . The urban area lies on a meander of the Thames . In its southern part there are numerous open spaces, such as the gardens of Chiswick House or Dukes Meadows Park . The northern part, on the other hand, is much more closely built up. There is found with the Chiswick High Road , the shopping street of the district. To the south, the Thames forms the border with the boroughs of Kew , Mortlake and Barnes . To the east, across Goldhawk Road , lies Hammersmith . To the north, the boroughs of Bedford Park and South Acton border Chiswick while to the west are Gunnersbury and Brentford .
climate
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Chiswick
Source: Worldweatheronline.com
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history
etymology
Chiswick was first mentioned in a document around the year 1000 as Ceswican . The origin of the name is controversial, it could go back to the old English language and mean "cheese farm". This origin is derived from the farms on the banks of the Thames , which until the 18th century held an annual farmers market with their products in the area of the Dukes Meadows . Others translate the name as "village on a stony beach".
historical development
The core of today's district was built around the church of St. Nicholas from around 1181 . The inhabitants of the then still small village lived mainly from agriculture and fishing. There was also a ferry across the Thames. This important connection to central London made the area interesting as a rural retreat for the growing population. In 1822 the Royal Horticultural Society leased about 13.5 acres between Sutton Court Road and Duke's Avenue. The society used the land to create a collection of various fruit trees . She also founded her first horticultural school on the site and organized flower shows. In the 1870s, the company reduced the leased area before the garden was completely relocated to Wisley in 1904 . In 1864 John Isaac Thornycroft , founder of John I. Thornycroft & Company, opened a shipyard at the west end of Chiswick Mall. The HMS Daring, the first destroyer of the Daring class , was built on this ship and launched in 1893. In 1909 the shipyard was relocated to Southampton . At the beginning of the 19th century, Chiswick was still relatively small with 3235 inhabitants (1801). With the expansion of the railway, the number of inhabitants rose by leaps and bounds. The mansions with their large park-like gardens were gradually torn down and replaced by houses in the Victorian and Edwardian styles. The final development to the banks of the Thames did not take place until between the two world wars. During the Second World War , the district was hit by several bombs. The first V2 rocket fired at London hit Chiswick on September 8, 1944. Three people were killed, 22 injured and six houses were completely destroyed. Today a memorial at the impact site on Staveley Road commemorates the event. After the war, the district was rebuilt and expanded with additional residential and office buildings.
In 1971 Erin Pizzey founded Europe 's first women's shelter under the name Chiswick Women's Aid .
politics
Chiswick St Nicholas was originally organized as the Civil Parish in Middlesex . From 1894 to 1927 the urban area was part of the Chiswick Urban District . With its abolition in 1927, Chiswick was added to the newly formed Brentford and Chiswick Urban District. From 1932 the district belonged to the Municipal Borough of Brentford and Chiswick . This became part of Greater London in 1965 and Chiswick has since been part of the London Borough of Hounslow . The town hall of Chiswick has since no longer the administrative center. At the national level, the constituency of Brentford and Chiswick existed between 1918 and 1974 . Today Chiswick belongs to the constituency of Brentford and Isleworth in the House of Commons elections . Whose interests since the elections in 2015 by Ruth Cadbury perceived that the Labor Party is a member. She prevailed against Ann Keen from the Labor Party. In elections to the London Assembly , the city area is assigned to the South West constituency , which has been represented by Tony Arbor since 2000 . For the elections to the Hounslow London Borough Council, Chiswick is divided into Turnham Green, Chiswick Homefields and Chiswick Riverside. Each area elects three members for a term of four years. For the 2010-2014 election period, only members of the Conservative Party were sent to Borough Council.
Culture and sights
Theaters and museums
There were two famous theaters in Chiswick in the 20th century. The Chiswick Empire was located directly on Chiswick High Road and was in operation between 1912 and 1959. With its 2,140 seats, it offered variety events, operas, ballet and theater performances. The Q Theater was located across from Kew Bridge Station between 1924 and 1959 . Numerous works by Terence Rattigan and William Douglas-Home were premiered here. Today theatrical performances take place in the Tabard Theater on Bath Road, which has been in existence since 1985 . The house is known for its experimental productions. There are also several museums in the city of Chiswick. For example, there is a permanent exhibition of paintings in Chiswick House . In addition, Hogarth's House not only exhibits the life and work of William Hogarth , but also furniture from the 18th century.
Buildings
Chiswick House
Chiswick House was built between 1726 and 1729 to plans by Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington . Today it is considered an outstanding example of Palladianism . The associated land is one of the most important gardens in England and Wales.
Churches
The Church of St. Nicholas is not far from the Thames and is considered the nucleus of Chiswick. Its steeple dates from the 15th century, while the rest of the church building was fundamentally remodeled by John Loughborough Pearson between 1882 and 1884 . The graves of William Hogarth and William Kent are located in the adjacent cemetery . One of Oliver Cromwell's daughters is also buried there. St. Michael's Church, built between 1908 and 1909, is on Elmwood Road. It was designed by WD Caroe . The youngest church building in the city is the Russian Orthodox Cathedral on Harvard Road, which was built in 1998.
Others
The former Arthur Sanderson & Sons factory is located in Barley Mow Passage and was built in 1902 to plans by the architect Charles Voysey . Today it is known as Voysey House , the building is used as an office building and is a listed building. In Chiswick there are also several pubs that look back on a long history and some of their buildings are now also listed buildings.
Green spaces and recreation
The local recreation of the residents of Chiswick is ensured by several parks and gardens. The most famous garden in the city is that of Chiswick House. The largest public park, Dukes Meadows, is on land originally owned by the Duke of Devonshire . In the 1920s, the public purse bought the site and converted it into a local recreation area . Today you can practice a wide variety of sports there, such as rugby , football or hockey .
Sports
Chiswick is home to several rugby teams. The Chiswick RFC, for example, plays in the London 2 North West League. Many rowing teams take advantage of Chiswick's proximity to the Thames . The University of London Boat Club , one of the most successful university rowing clubs, is based in Chiswick. With the Mortlake Anglian & Alpha Rowing Club and the Quintin Boat Club there are two other successful rowing clubs in Chiswick. In addition, the Tideway Scullers School is inextricably linked with the district. As a well-known training center for scullers , the club has successful rowers such as Mahé Drysdale or Alan Campbell in its ranks. Directly in front of the boathouse of this club is the end point of the Championship Course , a well-known rowing route that runs on the Thames from Mortlake to Putney . The boat race between the universities of Oxford and Cambridge takes place on this route . Until 2000, Chiswick was also home to a motorsport team. The Checkered Flag Team recently mainly drove rallies , but it began in Formula Junior . The team's drivers included Tony Pond and Jim Clark .
Economy and Infrastructure
Companies
The district's retail trade is concentrated on Chiswick High Road. Chiswick's economic center is located here, along with numerous restaurants, office buildings and hotels. From around 1960, new office complexes were built between the Golden Mile Great West Road and Hammersmith and existing warehouses were converted into offices. In 1966, IBM constructed an 18-story building that was used as the company's headquarters in the UK. With space for up to 1500 people, the company's headquarters remained there until 1992. After various modifications and expansions, the BSI Group moved there in 1994 . In 2010, Harbert Management Corporation bought the building and it was renamed Chiswick Tower . Griffin Brewery is also located in the city, where the Fuller Brewery brews several award-winning beers. The Chiswick Brewery has been in operation for over 350 years. The original brewery building was in the garden of Badford House on Chiswick Mall.
traffic
North Circular Road begins on Great West Road and runs 25.7 miles to Beckton . At this point it meets the South Circular Road, which runs from Woolwich to South Ealing . The M4 motorway ends at the Hogarth Roundabout , one of the most famous road junctions in the city of London . The road continues as a normal road to London Heathrow Airport . The A4 crosses the district on its way to central London. The Great Chertsey Road also starts in Chiswick. It runs south-west and merges into the M3 motorway . The Thames forms the southern border of Chiswick. Various bridges connect the district to the city center. Rail traffic runs over the Barnes Railway Bridge and Kew Railway Bridge , and car traffic runs over Chiswick Bridge and Kew Bridge . About the Kew Gardens Pier Chiswick is connected to the ferry on the river. Connection to the local public transport network is also guaranteed. The district is served by a total of eleven London Buses lines, including two night bus lines and three that run around the clock. Until 1989 Transport for London ran a school for bus drivers on Chiswick High Road. The District Line subways pass under Chiswick and stop at the nearest stations Stamford Brook , Chiswick Park , Gunnersburry and Turnham Green . Is on the latter before 6:50 am and after 22:30 and following the Piccadilly Line .
The closest National Rail stops are Chiswick and Kew Bridge stations . Both are served by South West Trains trains. These run on the Hounslow Loop Line from London Waterloo Station to Staines-upon-Thames . Chiswick is connected to the London Overground network by the North London Line via Gunnersburry station .
Chiswick personalities
18th century
One of the first known personalities to live in Chiswick was the English artist William Hogarth . He bought the building now known as Hogarth House in 1749 . Hogarth lived in this house until his death in 1764. The poet Alexander Pope , author of the poem The Rape of the Lock , lived between 1716 and 1719 in a building on Mawson Lane that is now used as a pub.
19th century
In the 19th century, numerous painters discovered the district for themselves. The landscape painter Lewis Pinhorn Wood lived in a house on Homefield Road between 1897 and 1908. The family of the painter Camille Pissarro also lived in Chiswick around 1897. Another well-known resident was the poet Ugo Foscolo . He died in Turnham Green in 1827 and was buried in the churchyard of St Nicholas' Church. Luis Lachenal founded his manufactory for concertinas in Chiswick in 1853 , he was the father of the musician Marie Lachenal (1848 - 1937), who lived in Chiswick .
20th century
In the 20th century, Chiswick became a place of residence for actors and the greats of show business. For example, lived here Bruce Dickinson , singer of Iron Maiden , the actress Elizabeth McGovern and her husband, the director Simon Curtis .
Sons and daughters
- Guy Barker (* 1957), jazz musician
- Sebastian Coe (* 1956), athlete and politician
- Phil Collins (born 1951), musician
- Helen Mirren (born 1945), actress
- Alan Elsdon (1934-2016), jazz musician
- Pete Townshend (* 1945), musician ("The Who")
- John Entwistle (1944–2002), musician ("The Who")
- Mike Wilds (* 1946), racing car driver
- Kim Wilde (* 1960), musician
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Bedford Park, Chiswick and Gunnersbury
- ^ Adrian Room: Dictionary of Place-Names in the British Isles . Bloomsbury, London 1988, ISBN 0-7475-0170-X .
- ↑ a b c d e f Chiswick . In: Ben Weinreb, Christopher Hibbert, Julia Keay, John Keay (Eds.): The London Encyclopaedia . 3. Edition. Macmillan, London 2008, ISBN 978-1-4050-4925-2 , pp. 164 ( Google Books [accessed July 25, 2014]).
- ^ Humphrey Arthure: Thornycroft: shipbuilding and motor works in Chiswick . London 1983, OCLC 12450015 , pp. 24 .
- ^ David Lyon: The first destroyers . Caxton Editions, London 2001, ISBN 1-84067-364-8 , pp. 40 f .
- ↑ a b c Gillian Clegg: Chiswick Past . Historical Publications, London 1995, ISBN 0-948667-33-8 , pp. 86 f .
- ↑ Paul Rincon: V-2: Hitler's last weapon of terror ( English ) BBC News. September 7, 2004. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
- ↑ Chiswick UD through time ( English ) In: Census tables with data for the Local Government District, A Vision of Britain through Time . GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ↑ Brentford and Chiswick UD / MB through time ( English ) In: Census tables with data for the Local Government District, A Vision of Britain through Time . GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ↑ Chiswick Homefields election result 2010 ( English ) London Borough of Hounslow. Archived from the original on May 10, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ↑ Chiswick Riverside election result 2010 ( English ) London Borough of Hounslow. Archived from the original on May 10, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ↑ Turnham Green election result 2010 ( English ) London Borough of Hounslow. Archived from the original on May 10, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ↑ Patrick Loobey: Britain in Old Photographs, Chiswick & Brentford . Sutton Publishing Ltd, Stroud 1997, ISBN 0-7509-1151-4 .
- ^ History of the Tabard Theater
- ^ Entry to Chiswick House of artfund.org
- ↑ Brief description of the museum on the homepage of the London Borough of Hounslow ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Short entry on the cathedral on thamesstrategy-kewtochelsea.co.uk/
- ↑ entry in britishlistedbuildings.co.uk
- ↑ Team overview 2017/18. Retrieved July 19, 2017 .
- ^ History of the Fuller Brewery ( Memento of the original from August 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Entry on the Hogarth House of hounslow.info ( Memento of the original from October 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.fullers.co.uk/rte.asp?id=101
- ^ Marie Lachenal: Concertinist. Retrieved June 24, 2020 .
- ↑ Shaun Keaveny (Ed.): R2D2 lives in Preston: the best of BBC 6 music's Toast the nation . Boxtree, London 2010, ISBN 978-0-7522-2745-0 , pp. 11 ( Google Books [accessed August 2, 2014]).
- ↑ Gerard Gilbert: 'Hollywood never suited me': Elizabeth McGovern on fleeing LA and Downton Abbey's Lady Cora ( English ) In: The Independent . December 18, 2010. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
