Night traffic
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
As night traffic is the operation of the public transport system in the night hours , and sometimes referred to early morning, in which the operating times vary widely. The operating days of night traffic are mostly the nights on weekends and before public holidays, more rarely every day of the week. In many companies, not only is the bus and rail traffic being thinned out, but night line networks that are completely different from daytime traffic are being created.
history
Continuous night traffic by trams and buses existed in larger cities (Germany e.g. Berlin, Dresden , Hamburg) long before today's night traffic networks were introduced. However, these were not perceived as special, but added to regular operation during the day and night. Only declining passenger numbers in the wake of increasing individual traffic led to new developments after initially reduced services in the off-peak times (i.e. also at night). In Germany, the offer was expanded outside of Berlin and Hamburg to include night hours from the late 1980s and early 1990s with innovative night star networks. The focus now was particularly on young people (schoolchildren without a driver's license), but also, regardless of age, after drinking alcohol, who could be brought safely to cultural events and back home in this way. In addition to night buses, so-called disco buses were also used.
In the 1920s, there were special night traffic in large cities. Hamburg already had night bus routes in 1928 - when the tram was still dominating and the bus and coach network was just developing. In the postwar years, however, a night-tram network was built here, in addition to cross-city lines to 1957 and a ring line (Alsterring) over St. Pauli contained. In addition, there were also bus lines in the 1960s that were operated at night, as important tram lines had already been switched to underground operation, which, however, paused at night. In 1970, the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV) introduced a night bus network with lines of the 600 group from the transport companies HHA and VHH , which ran every hour every day, mostly much more often on weekends. Today, on weekends, the night bus network is operated by underground and suburban trains and some bus lines that also run during the day, u. a. Metrobus routes added.
Line networks and clock
A night line often bundles the traffic relations of several day lines, so it may take different (detour) routes. The network structure can be designed similar to that of daytime traffic or completely different.
Star-shaped networks are widespread. Here, radial lines begin or end or diameter lines meet at a so-called cycle node in the city center ( train station , bus station or other central square) and run from there at a fixed cycle in all directions. Furthermore, night lines can also be designed as ring lines that are served in one or both directions. As a result, greater area development is achieved with less use of vehicles. On the other hand, if ring lines are only served in one direction, long travel times to the city center may arise, as this cannot be reached directly, unlike radial or diameter lines. With rendezvous systems , all lines travel to a meeting point at the same time. This means that there are direct connections in all directions - with simultaneous departure times.
Night lines replace the operating rest next to city buses and the subway , light rail or tram . The route is then mostly based on the express train line. Mainly standard buses are used; In some large cities, trams are also integrated into the night network. At the weekend, underground and S-Bahn trains or other local rail transport can also run.
The clock frequency, among other things depending on the size of the city, is between 15 and 120 minutes in German-speaking countries. In medium-sized cities in Germany or in night networks offered by tariff associations in Switzerland, the hourly service has established itself. There are also less frequent night-time services or, for operational reasons, clocks such as the 71-minute rhythm, which is based on common rendezvous of the night lines at 1:11 a.m., 2:22 a.m., 3:33 a.m. and 4:44 a.m. (example in Leipzig ) .
In small towns or municipalities, individual bus routes (including regional buses ) often take over late-night traffic. Sometimes other names are used, for example Discobus in Germany . Minibuses , dial-a-car buses or taxis ( shared- call taxis , night-time AST) run on rarely used lines .
In the traffic communities Münsterland ( VGM ) and Ruhr-Lippe ( VRL ) night bus connections were put into operation as a supplement to the regional buses. Currently, 16 lines connect the cities and municipalities, many as feeders to Münster and Osnabrück, but also between the regional centers in the Münsterland and in the districts of Soest and Unna as well as in the Hochsauerland . The night buses in this region are supported by the Westfälische Provinzial .
Some transport companies offer during the low-traffic period to get off outside of stops or between stops on request , as this service does not cause any problems outside the city centers.
Operating times
The operating times vary greatly depending on the size of the city. In Berlin, for example, all night and metro lines run at least every 30 minutes from around midnight to 4:30 a.m. (Sunday morning to 7:30 a.m.) from Monday to Sunday night . In Munich the night lines run every hour during the week and every 30 minutes at the weekend. In other large cities, night lines often only run every hour on the weekend nights and before public holidays. On Sunday morning, the early morning traffic is partially included until around 8 a.m.
Night lines in medium-sized and small towns usually only run until 3 or 4 a.m. and sometimes only on weekend nights. Sometimes in Germany, late- night journeys before midnight are also referred to as night traffic or late traffic from 8 p.m. to midnight is counted as part of the night network (e.g. Brandenburg an der Havel ).
Passenger information
.jpg)
The routes, line names and stop locations can vary considerably from day-to-day operations. Some day stops are not served by night traffic or are located at a different location. Night stops should be of a similar standard to day stops. Sufficient lighting is particularly important, also to make the bus stop easily recognizable for passengers from a distance.
Since most customers rarely drive at night, awareness of the night networks is relatively low. The offer is not only aimed at night owls - a good passenger information system is therefore an absolute prerequisite. This includes sufficient information notices at the day stops with night timetables and information about the location of the stops. However, if this exists, excellent utilization can be achieved. An entry of the night lines in the electronic timetable information reaches at least the users of this system.
Night networks can be developed from the day network - then the line names are similar to the daily offer or are identical to it - or have a completely different structure. Bringing the structures closer to day-to-day operations is the best way to provide good passenger information .
Line marking
Unless the same line numbers as used during the day of the night traffic night lines often result in an additional "N" as a prefix before or as suffix behind the line number which can be either derived from a day line or independently thereof. Transport companies in the Rhine-Ruhr transport association use the name NachtExpress and the abbreviation NE as an alternative . In addition, it is widespread to assign night lines their own number blocks, which are usually higher than the number blocks of the day lines.
In Freiburg im Breisgau , Gießen and Reutlingen , the night bus routes have planet names. The Leipzig tram, on the other hand, used to use green line numbers for its night lines, while the Bucharest tram used to mark its only night line, line 26, which operates around the clock, with a red line number .
Night tariffs
For night traffic, there are sometimes separate night or surcharge tariffs that differ from daytime traffic. In Germany and Austria in particular, however, the night surcharges and special tariffs were largely abolished in the past decade, so that all tickets from the local transport associations are now valid for use in night traffic.
Since night traffic is used more than average by regular customers with season tickets , the additional costs can usually not be covered by the fare income of the normal tariff. Therefore night surcharges or special night tariffs are necessary, possibly with surcharge regulations for passengers with season tickets. As an alternative, for example, line sponsoring is practiced in the Bonn night bus network .
Switzerland
In Switzerland, unlike other local and regional traffic, night traffic is usually not paid for via the cantons, but must be operated independently. In addition to special night tariffs on individual networks, there is therefore the so-called night surcharge of 5 francs, which must be purchased in addition to the regular ticket. It is valid on seven night networks in the tariff groups ZVV , A-Welle , Ostwind , the tariff group Zug and tariff group Schwyz and on the night trains Zurich – Lucerne. Individual night networks are also sponsored by regional companies, the Zurich network, for example, by the Zürcher Kantonalbank , the one in Lucerne by Radio Pilatus .
The night network in the Basel region, where the night surcharge was lifted in December 2011, is an exception to this.
Examples of night traffic in European cities
Germany
Berlin
The underground lines in Berlin are operated around the clock on weekends and every 15 minutes at night. On the nights before working days, they are replaced by night buses with the same numbers (“N1” to “N9”), which run on the same routes as the subway as far as possible every 30 minutes. Only the short lines U4 and U55 have no night traffic.
The S-Bahn also runs non-stop at weekends, the frequency varies between 15 minutes in the city center and on the Ring and up to 60 minutes in the state of Brandenburg. Before working days there is a nightly break in operation.
The MetroTram and Metrobus lines have also been running around the clock every day since the end of May 2006, every 30 minutes at night, and sometimes every 15 minutes in the city center.
The other night bus lines have separate routes, which are mostly based on a day line or combine sections of different day lines. They can be recognized by an "N" with a two-digit line number and are for the most part also served every 30 minutes.
At some junction points , the night line wagons wait for each other in certain directions and enable short transfer times. The most important are Bahnhof Zoo , Hackescher Markt and Hermannplatz .
Bonn
In Bonn there have been 4 night lines since 1994, to which 6 lines were added in the following years. The 10 lines run in a star-shaped round-trip from Bonn Central Station to many parts of the city and later end there again. The departures take place daily at 12:35 a.m., 1:35 a.m. and 2:35 a.m. (on nights from Fridays to Saturdays, Saturdays to Sundays, and before public holidays also at 3:35 a.m. and 4:35 a.m.) and the maximum Travel time is around 55 minutes. During the week, the tram line 66 also runs until 2 a.m. between Siegburg and Bonn main station or partially to Bad Honnef, and on weekends between Siegburg and Bad Honnef every hour. From Fri. to Sat. and Sat. to Sun. the trams 16 and 18 run continuously between Cologne and Bonn. The bus lines 550 and 640 also run on their normal route on weekend nights at 12:35 a.m., 1:35 a.m. and 2:35 a.m. Just like in Cologne, the regular VRS tariff applies here.
Frankfurt am Main
Since December 2017, there has been night rail traffic in Frankfurt since December 2017, affecting two underground lines and several S-Bahn lines (S1, S3, S4, S5, S8) to the surrounding area. There is also a night bus network with city buses operated by the Frankfurt Transport Company (VGF), which run daily. At the weekend, the night buses connect both surrounding cities and most of Frankfurt's districts, as even on the nights before Saturdays and Sundays, large parts of the city are not served by the nocturnal underground and suburban trains. In addition, some regional night bus routes also connect during the week e.g. B. from the directions Darmstadt, Neu-Isenburg, Ober Roden with Frankfurt, especially to enable early trips to the airport. During the week, the S8 line of the Rhein-Main S-Bahn runs there every day around the clock. During night traffic between midnight and 5 a.m., however, this does not go through the Frankfurt and Offenbach city tunnels, but is diverted via Offenbach Hbf and Frankfurt Süd .
Hamburg
Since December 2004 there have been two different systems that are offered depending on the day of the week: On the nights before the day of the week there is a pure night bus network. It basically consists of ten radial lines from the city center to the Hamburg state border, which have their meeting point and usually also the starting point at the Rathausmarkt . In addition, the radial routes north of the Elbe will be connected by a half-ring line just outside the city center. Additional lines for fine distribution branch off from individual radial lines at nodes in further outlying parts of the city (e.g. Harburg). All night bus routes usually run every 30, less often 60 minutes, during the entire service break of the rapid transit system from around 0:30 a.m. to 4 a.m.
On the nights before Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays, almost all U-Bahn and S-Bahn lines have been running in Hamburg's city area since 2004, continuously every 20 minutes. Important bus routes of the day are also offered with the usual route and numbering every 20 minutes, including large parts of the Metrobus network. At the weekend, parts of the surrounding area are also connected to the Hamburg Schnellbahn night network: The U1 line also runs every 20 minutes to the Norderstedt Mitte terminus on behalf of the city of Norderstedt and the S3 line every hour to Pinneberg . Other cities and communities in the surrounding area can be reached by night buses, some of which connect the towns to a rapid transit station every 40 minutes. Since the U4 underground line runs parallel to the U2 between Billstedt and Jungfernstieg, it only runs on the Jungfernstieg - Elbbrücken section during nighttime operations.
Hanover
Since 1957, the Üstra trams have met at night on weekends at the central Kröpcke stop , now “ Kröpcke U-Bahn ”. The trains run every hour between approx. 1:00 a.m. and 4:00 a.m. There are two departure times: Lines 1, 3 and 4 always arrive around 20 minutes before the hour and leave at '45. At the second departure time, lines 2, 5, 6, 7 and 9 meet approx. 10 minutes after the hour at the Kröpcke and leave it at a quarter past the hour . During these five minutes, all trains wait and there is a possibility to change trains. Since there are only six platforms here, the trains stop one behind the other on the same platform.
Lines 11 and 17 are not served, the 10 goes directly from Goetheplatz into the tunnel in the direction of Waterloo and Hauptbahnhof. Since the line ends at the main train station and goes back again, it arrives at "36 after" at Kröpcke and continues, on the way back it reaches him at around "10 minutes before".
On the S-Bahn in Hanover , the S2, S4, S5 and S7 lines are currently on the weekends every hour. The trains meet at the main train station on the hour and should enable passengers to change to the tram. A section of the S1 is to be included in night-time traffic at the 2019 timetable change.
Buses (so-called nightliners) wait at the final stops of the light rail vehicles and take passengers to the surrounding area without long waiting times.
Koblenz
In Koblenz, night bus routes run by Energieversorgung Mittelrhein (EVM) and the Rhein-Mosel-Bus bus company operate on the nights before Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays in Rhineland-Palatinate . However, there is no continuous night-time operation, only a rally of the night bus lines at around 1 a.m. from the city center to the suburbs. The night buses of the Rhein-Mosel-Bus run from the city center to the surrounding cities and communities such as Boppard, Emmelshausen, Montabaur, Mülheim-Kärlich and Mayen. Surcharges are not levied, the night buses can be used with all valid tickets of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM) .
Cologne
Since the timetable change in December 2011, all tram lines of the Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe (KVB) have been running every 30 minutes on the nights before Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays in North Rhine-Westphalia, sometimes every 15 minutes. The night service applies to bus route 132 (Breslauer Platz / Hauptbahnhof - Heumarkt - Chlodwigplatz - Arnoldshöhe - Meschenich - Rondorf), as this bus line closes a gap in the Cologne network until the north-south light rail is completed. Since December 2017, two night bus routes have been running every hour, which connect parts of the city without a tram connection, and on some regular bus routes (some of which have a shortened route) night services are offered every hour (on the nights before Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays; sometimes only on Saturdays ). All Cologne night lines can be used free of charge with all valid tickets for the Rhein-Sieg VRS transport association and with tickets for the NRW tariff .
Leipzig
In August 1998 a special night bus network was introduced at LVB , nine nightliners depart daily from the main train station at 1:11, 2:22 and 3:33 a.m. through the city in a star shape.
Since 2006 there have only been additional departures at 1:45 a.m. and 3 a.m. from the main train station on weekends.
Since 2013, for the first time in 15 years, a night tram line has been running on weekends .
Muenster
In Münster a night bus network exists Stadtwerke Münster , which includes a continuous operation in the nights before Saturdays, Sundays and holidays as well as a shortened night operation before business days and which has a different from Tagverkehr line network. On the nights before working days, the buses marked with the additional letter N run from 9 p.m. to 2 a.m. the following day, on the nights before Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays from 9 p.m. to 8 a.m. There is no special tariff, all tickets of the Verkehrsgemeinschaft Münsterland and the Westphalian tariff are recognized.
Nuremberg
Wrong in the days before public holidays, and Friday and Saturday nights conurbation Nuremberg the night bus network . The city buses, for which no charge is to be paid in the nighttime network, bear the name "Night Liner" and replace for the hours between midnight and 4 am, the U , S , Trambahn- and city bus service . The 28 "Nightliner" lines, which carry line numbers from N1 to N61 (with gaps), run over 600 stops in the city of Nuremberg during the night, but also in Fürth , Erlangen , Stein and other neighboring cities and municipalities in the metropolitan area (e.g. Cadolzburg , Lauf and Schwabach ). The night buses are clocked and leave the main station every hour in a star shape in all directions.
Switzerland
Canton Bern
The so-called Moonliner operates in Bern as well as in the Biel , Solothurn and Interlaken regions . In contrast to the regular bus lines, the Moonliner lines are each marked with a preceding M (for example M1 for the Moonliner to Münchenbuchsee ). The lines at least partially follow the daily lines, but the numbering is detached from this. The place of departure for all night traffic in the Bern region is Bahnhofplatz Bern . The Moonliner network comprises a total of 43 lines. It is operated by the night line company (NLG).
Lucerne
In Lucerne , the Nachtstern has 13 lines. The night lines, some of which differ fundamentally from the regular lines, are identified by the letter N in front of the line number. Driving is on Friday to Saturday and Saturday to Sunday nights as well as on selected public holidays. Twelve of the thirteen lines run from Lucerne train station , only the N61 line runs from Sursee train station . The network is divided into two zones, according to which the night tariff is calculated. There is also a line called Seetaler Pajama Express from Lucerne to the Seetal . This is not part of the Nachtstern offer and has separate tariffs.
Canton Zurich
In the canton of Zurich there is a coherent network of night bus routes and night trains. The numbering ( prefixed with an N or SN for trains ) and the routing of the lines differ significantly from the usual routing, but only usual stops are approached. The main traffic nodes of the night network are the Winterthur main train station and the stations Bellevue / Stadelhofen , the main train station with Central and Escher-Wyss-Platz in the city of Zurich . There is a night surcharge of five francs, which must be paid in addition to the normal ticket price and can be purchased either at the ticket machine or via mobile phone. The night network runs from 1 a.m. to 4 a.m. in the city of Zurich and 4:30 a.m. in the city of Winterthur (last departure at the main transport hub). Every half hour within Zurich and every hour in the rest of the canton.
Basel region
The TNW night network has existed in the Basel agglomeration since 2008 , set up by the cantons of Basel-Landschaft and Basel-Stadt and expanded by paying municipalities in the cantons of Solothurn and Aargau . This is also coordinated with one another. While the night trains and trams are used three times, the rural bus routes are only on the road twice or once.
Eastern Switzerland
The Ostwind tariff association operates the night network in the cantons of St. Gallen , Thurgau , Appenzell Innerrhoden , Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Schaffhausen . The various transport companies offer a joint surcharge and have coordinated their timetables. In addition, the timetables at the borders of the Zurich night network are also tailored to this. In the area of the ZVV night network, a ZVV night wind combination surcharge can also be purchased. The companies Thurbo, Appenzeller Bahnen, Südostbahn, Rheintal Bus, Regiobus, Schneider Busbetriebe , dr Bus vu CHUR, SBB, Frauenfeld-Wil-Bahn, PostAuto, WilMobil, St. Gallen Bus and Bus Sarganserland Werdenberg are involved in the Nachtwind night network .
Liechtenstein
There has been night traffic in the Principality of Liechtenstein since December 2008 . Four lines of the transport company LIECHTENSTEINmobil are used once a night on Saturday and Sunday in the capital and the surrounding villages as well as to Feldkirch and Buchs SG . There is a special night rate of five francs, no reductions are granted.
Austria
Vienna
The "Nightline" is an about-run daily 0:30 to 5:00 pm Night transport network in Vienna .
On the nights before Saturday, Sunday and public holidays, all five underground lines run every 15 minutes, 17 night bus lines of Wiener Linien every 30 minutes, 8 on- call bus lines if required and some courses on the "casino bus line " 360 to Baden . On the remaining nights, 18 night bus routes (four of which circumnavigate the city center) run every 30 minutes, 10 on-call bus routes and the 360 route to Baden.
There is no separate night tariff, almost all tickets are also valid for night traffic at no extra charge.
After the previous night transport networks were closed, a new night bus network was created in 1986, which was massively expanded in 1995. In 2002 the special night tariff was abolished and since 2010 all underground lines have been running on weekend nights. Since 1945 there has only been regular night traffic with trams at the turn of the year.
Since December 15, 2019 a half-hourly night traffic exists in addition to the Nightline offer the Vienna lines on weekends and public holidays on the ÖBB -powered S-Bahn routes Mödling - Vienna Floridsdorf (S2 / S3 via main line ) and Vienna Hütteldorf - Vienna Handelskai ( suburban line S45).
Linz
The so-called N8 lane is the night traffic network operated by Linz AG and serves Linz on weekends from around midnight to 5:30 a.m. with three lines every half hour.
It was introduced when Linz was European Capital of Culture in 2009, with four lines (tram N1, bus lines N2, N3, N4). In December 2016, the "Nachtspur" service was revised, with the exception of sections in Auwiesen (line N1), at Spallerhof (line N3) and at Froschberg (line N4), all sections of the night lines that have been running since 2016 are also served. With the new N8 lane there are three lines:
- Line N82 (tram): runs at night over the line 2 ( JKU-Universität - Hauptplatz - Hauptbahnhof - Kleinmünchen - solarCity )
- Line N83 (bus line): Hafen / Industriezeile - Green Center - Central Station - Bindermichl - Salzburger Strasse - Neue Heimat
- Line N84 (tram): runs on line 4 (introduced in autumn 2016) ( Hauptbahnhof - Meixnerkreuzung - PlusCity - Traun Castle), making it the first night line to leave the city of Linz.
Innsbruck and the surrounding area
From Innsbruck , so-called nightliners serve the urban area and the surrounding area in the districts of Innsbruck-Land and Schwaz . The offer with 13 lines usually follows on from the daily timetables of the Innsbruck bus lines, i. H. the first Nighlingers leave about an hour after the last buses leave according to the daily schedule. Because of this, and because of the profitability , the departure times of the various Nightliner lines vary greatly.
The frequency is different, but the nightliners usually run every half hour. There is no night tariff of its own; all IVB and VVT tickets and tariffs are also valid on all night lines at no extra charge. The offer is advertised as a “24-hour service”; outside of day-to-day operations, buses run almost around the clock. The Nightliner offer also includes the IVB-Asti shared call taxi and the IVB women's night taxi service for women .
On weekends, S-Bahn line 1 from Innsbruck to Kufstein has also been running at night since December 2015. There are also night buses in Kufstein .
The special thing about night bus traffic in Tyrol is that since April 2015 security staff have been on board every Nightliner to ensure safety.
United Kingdom
London
In London , the Underground ( U-Bahn ) has a break in operation at night both on weekdays and on weekends. In return, London has a dense network of night bus routes. 46 bus routes are operated around the clock. In addition, there are special night bus routes that can be recognized by the prefix "N". Some lines are also served every 15 minutes at night on weekdays. Many streets in the inner area are served by several bus routes. Important hubs are Trafalgar Square , Oxford Circus, Victoria Stn, Aldwych, Tottenham Court Road and Camden Town . For example, 16 lines end at Trafalgar Square and another 20 lines pass there.
From September 12, 2015, night traffic at the daily rate should be offered on five subway lines on at least some of the routes on Saturday and Sunday nights. The actual introduction was in August 2016. The interval is between 8 and 20 minutes.
France
Paris
.jpg)
Despite the lively Parisian nightlife and the metro trains that are still busy and well-filled around midnight , they also take a break from around 1 to 5:30 on the weekend nights. Until autumn 2005 there was the Noctambus , which approached Châtelet in a star shape and only served the urban area of Paris when the Métro was closed.
Since then, the night bus network known as Noctilien has served the suburbs of Paris in addition to the urban area. Most of the lines are operated by RATP , those with a three-digit line number are operated by SNCF with specially purchased buses. With the Noctilien, the offer in the Paris metropolitan area was significantly expanded, as other nodes were set up in addition to Châtelet. The outer nodes Gare Saint-Lazare , Gare de l'Est , Gare de Lyon and Gare Montparnasse are connected in both directions by a circular line that is served at frequent intervals. The network thus appears like a spoked wheel. The suburban lines, which usually run every hour, are for the most part connected to the outer nodes with the diameter lines. In the urban area there is a half-hourly cycle on all routes, which is sometimes compressed to a 15- or even 10-minute cycle on the weekend nights.
Netherlands
Randstad
In the Randstad conurbation in the Netherlands, there is a special feature of the " NS -Nachtnet", a regional night railway line. Since 1986, regional trains have been running every hour between Rotterdam and Utrecht during the nightly shutdown of NS passenger traffic . The most important stop next to Amsterdam Centraal is Schiphol ( Amsterdam Airport ). The following route is served: Rotterdam Centraal - Delft - The Hague Centraal - Leiden Centraal - Schiphol - Amsterdam Centraal - Utrecht Centraal. The network was expanded in 2007/08: on weekends there are hourly trains to the south of the country and direct trains from Rotterdam Centraal - Gouda - Utrecht Centraal.
See also
Web links
- NightLine (Wiener Linien)
- Paris Transport Company Night Bus (French)
- Nightliner (IVB - Innsbruck)
- Nightliner (VVT - Innsbruck area)
Individual evidence
- ↑ City map Hamburg 1928: Archived copy ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ www.nachtzuschlag.ch , official website of the tariff association night surcharge
- ↑ Night owls on www.zkb.ch
- ↑ Partner at www.nachtstern.ch
- ^ Stadtwerke Bonn: Night bus routes - SWB bus and train - Stadtwerke-Bonn. Retrieved December 2, 2018 .
- ↑ Get through the (weekend) night safely! In: logbook . October 27, 2017 ( uestra.de [accessed March 4, 2018]).
- ^ Deutsche Bahn AG, Passenger Transport Division, Marketing eCommerce: Night Star Transport . (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 6, 2018 ; accessed on March 4, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany: Night train to Barsinghausen will not come until the end of 2018. Accessed on March 4, 2018 (German).
- ↑ regiobus: night liner. Retrieved March 4, 2018 .
- ↑ vag-nightliner.de
- ^ Official homepage of the Moonliner range. Retrieved October 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Moonliner - an overview of all departure points. Retrieved October 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Night bus offer of the transport company LIECHTENSTEINmobil ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Night traffic. In: www.linzag.at. Retrieved December 17, 2016 .
- ↑ Nightliner will in future run to Kufstein. In: tirol.orf.at. October 17, 2015, accessed October 22, 2017 .
- ^ Nightliner - Tirolean Transport Association. (No longer available online.) In: www.vvt.at. Archived from the original on June 11, 2015 ; accessed on May 14, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ IVB - Nightliner. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 16, 2015 ; accessed on May 14, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ “Broad shoulders don't matter” | Tiroler Tageszeitung online - news from now! Retrieved March 8, 2020 .
- ^ TfL: The Night Tube
