Red line number
A red line number or a red line letter is a special variant to inform tram , trolleybus or omnibus passengers about a different route , unattended intermediate stops or certain special tariff features of a line . In addition to the “black” or “white” trunk line, there is usually a so-called “red” line with the same line name. This is indicated differently with red - instead of black - writing on a white background or negatively with white writing on a red - instead of black - background. Often the destination or the line route is also displayed in red and white or white and red. Typically, both lines serve larger sections together, whereby the red line is often a short reinforcement line of the black main line. Colloquially, such a connection, for example a line 1, is referred to as a red 1 , red 1 or line 1 red .
In other cases, the red line number is used to indicate the special mode of operation of a ring line or to inform the passengers waiting at the stop in advance about special handling features of a certain vehicle (type). For example, via the passenger flow principle, which only allows entry at certain doors at which the passengers can be collected or checked by the conductor or driver.
The increasing spread of single-color matrix or flip-dot displays led to the abandonment of the red line numbers in many places; an additional letter is used as an alternative. They also collide with the line identification colors that are popular in many places . For example, line 1 of the Freiburg im Breisgau tram is marked in red, but this is only used to better distinguish it from the other lines.
use
Belgium
In the Belgian capital, Brussels , trams , trolleybuses and buses with red line numbers used to be suburban lines across the city limits, on which a special tariff was applied.
Germany
Aachen
The Aachen tram introduced in 1960, as a replacement for the then discontinued high-speed line W to Walheim , individual high-speed trips on line 35, designated as "Red 35". These only served the Elsaßstraße stop between their starting point at Kaiserplatz and Brand and were therefore marked with a red line number on a white background until the entire line 35 and the route from Brand to Walheim were discontinued in January 1967.
Then - that is, until it was completely discontinued in 1974 - a red line number signaled to the passengers that there was no bus connection to the surrounding area at the respective terminal . In contrast, courses with such a transfer option were marked with a green line number.
Furthermore, a red line 51 operated as an express bus between Aachen and Baesweiler until around 1994 . After more and more monochrome Flipdot advertisements became popular, this was integrated into the 100-digit numbering scheme common today for express buses and received the new number 151.
Berlin
In West Berlin , the express bus routes - some of which were subject to a surcharge - or the pass-through cars introduced in 1968 were marked with a white line signal on a red background. In detail, the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe operated the following red lines:
- A 12S (1950 to 1968) or 12E (1968 to 1984)
- A S1 (1957 to 1968) or 54E (1968 to 1984)
- A S2 (1957 to 1966)
- A S3 (1957 to 1968)
- A S4 (1961 to 1969)
Colloquially, the Berlin passengers called the transit cars “red 12” or “red 54”, in contrast to the so-called “white 12” or the “white 54” with usual signs in black and white and service of all intermediate stops. When a express bus line was reintroduced in 1988 with line 35S, it was no longer possible to display the line number in color, as double-decker buses of the type MAN SD 200 with digital ANNAX display were already in use there. The East Berlin express bus routes, on the other hand, were regularly signposted in white and black from the start.
Bielefeld
In the 1970s, the Bielefeld tram marked its amplifier lines 51, 52, 53 and 54 with white paint on a red background. In some cases, they served direct connections that were not offered outside of rush hour traffic or used intermediate terminals that were not used in regular traffic.
Bremen
On the Bremen tram , until the introduction of matrix displays, the - originally three - express lines in the network, i.e. the 1S, 3S and 4S, differing from the regular lines, were marked with a white line number on a red background.
Darmstadt
On the Darmstadt tram , the rapid line 6 introduced in 1991 and the rapid line 10, which existed from 1993 to 1995, were marked with a red line number before the introduction of matrix displays. In the cars of the ST10 , ST11 and ST12 series , which had a combined line number and destination display, the line destination itself was highlighted in red.
Dresden
In the tram Dresden called from February 15, 1927 joined diligence Main Station to Station Road Freital . Instead of a line number, these surcharge cars were initially marked with a red cross on a white background, before the connection was given the red line number 30 on May 3, 1927 as part of the extension to Rathenauplatz. The route signs were also kept in red on a white background, as were the stop signs. Ultimately, the express line did not prove itself and was therefore discontinued in October 1927.
Dusseldorf
In the case of the Düsseldorf tram , line 16 Düsseldorf – Neuss – Düsseldorf, which was expanded into a ring line in 1929 and operated jointly with Stadtwerke Neuss, ran a black line signal for the northern half of the ring via Oberkassel and a red line signal for the southern half of the city from September 10, 1931 Around over the south bridge . In Neuss the drivers changed the line signs coming from Oberkassel at Neuss main station and coming from the Südbrücke at Neuss Obertor , in Düsseldorf, however, in both directions at the main station . The color differentiation finally ended on April 1, 1942, when line 16 red received the new number 26.
When there was again a ring line from May 2, 1954 with line 6 - from November 26, 1979 line 706 - between Bilk , Am Steinberg and Düsseltal , Brehmplatz, the eastern part of the route via Oberbilk and Flingern was partially red stored destination display. This was divided diagonally, with the upper left half being red. In contrast to this so-called “red six”, the “white” or “black six” took the western route via Jan-Wellem-Platz .
In later years, the Düsseldorf Rheinbahn also signaled its overland lines D to Duisburg (from 1980 line 79) and K to Krefeld (from 1980 line 76) in red-white and white-red respectively. It should be pointed out that these express connections did not serve all intermediate stops. With the opening of the Düsseldorf Stadtbahn in 1988, this tradition was maintained for the then introduced U70 express line to Krefeld, which had a red line number until the B-cars were converted to matrix displays in the 2000s.
eat
The Essener Verkehrs-AG (EVAG) marked their former express bus route 156 to the Burgaltendorf district with a red line number and a red destination sign . However, depending on the type of vehicle used, sometimes only the target sign itself had a red background.
Frankfurt am Main
In Frankfurt am Main , the express bus routes 41, 42, 44, 45 and 46, which were introduced in the 1950s and were canceled by 1974, had circular line signs on the right-hand side of the front, with both the edge of the sign and the Line number itself were red.
Hamburg
In the 1920s, the Hamburg tram introduced a red line number for short additional lines or lines with a short branch from the "main line", the first on September 18, 1928, the line 18 red between Eppendorfer Markt and Cäcilienstraße. The line number was not displayed in black on a white background as usual, but in white on a red background.
Lines 3 red (from 1947), 4 red (from 1931), 6 red (from 1931), 8 red (from 1939), 9 red (from 1932), 12 red (from 1940), 14 red (from 1935), 16 red (from 1932), 17 red (from 1933), 18 red (from 1943), 22 red (from 1936), 24 red (from 1934), 28 red (from 1944), 29 red (from 1938 ), 31 red (from 1938) and 33 red (from 1936). However, they did not all operate at the same time, as some were hired again after a few years.
When the numbers of the regular lines were displayed in white on a black background from 1947 onwards, the last "red" line was "14 red", whose courses ran under the regular line signal 14 from July 1, 1950. From 1948 onwards, other amplifiers were designated with white letters on a black background, for example "3W" for the amplifiers on line 3 to Wandsbek .
Between 1964 and 1978, when the Hamburg tram was discontinued, a white line number on a red background finally indicated a solo multiple unit. In return, sidecar trains were classically marked with a white line number on a black background. With the latter, cash payers could only get into the sidecar, as the railcar was already driving without a conductor. In the so-called traffic guide of the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV) it said in October 1970:
- Traffic primer "On the way with the HVV", October 1970
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In later years, the express bus line 21 of the Hamburg-Holstein transport company (VHH) also had a red line number on a white background. This remained in place when this connection was renamed line 31 in 1983.
Leipzig
The tram Leipzig resulted from 15 July 1924 a white numbers on a red background as a mark for line-bound squad cars were then marked during regular coaches with a black number on a white background. This made it possible to dispense with the additional letter "E", which was common in later years. However, electric cars in Leipzig had already been marked with a red signal disc with a white border, albeit without a line designation. With the temporary changeover to so-called negative signals, that is, headers with white letters on a black background, the red line numbers for electric cars were no longer used . In addition, regular repeater lines, called intermediate lines in Leipzig , operated with a red line signal. For example, line 15 red Lindenau – Johannisplatz, it supplemented its longer main line 15 Lindenau – Meusdorf during rush hour.
Regardless of this, all lines in Leipzig that touched the main train station between 1920 and 1954 had a red bordered line disk as a special feature .
In later years the express bus line B S also ran to Markranstädt with white line and destination signs on a red background. This served as a demarcation from the regular line B, which also went there.
Mannheim / Ludwigshafen
On the Mannheim / Ludwigshafen tramway from 1959 onwards, passengers could tell from a distance using the red line number whether it was an older two-axle train with a shuttle conductor or a new Duewag articulated car with passenger flow, because the latter had white line numbers on a red background and red destination labels on a white background. This principle existed until 1972, when the last two-axle vehicles with a pendulum conductor were parked. Irrespective of this, there were no conductors or passenger flow in the articulated wagons as early as 1969.
In later years, the express line 28 from Mundenheim to Oppau , which was discontinued in 1985, was the only one to be marked in red on a white background, although no regular line 28 existed. Line 28, introduced in the 1970s, had the same route as line 8, with only line 8 running during rush hour and serving all stops, while outside rush hour only line 28 ran and individual stops went through without stopping.
In later years, the various express courses were then displayed with a white X on a red background, provided that they were older vehicles with scrolling displays.
Munich
On the Munich tram , the very first articulated trams 101 and 102, which were put into operation in 1960, initially indicated the red line numbers on a white background, which was then a new type of rear entrance, where the conductor had its permanent place from then on in accordance with the passenger flow principle . In addition, the line destination was written in red on a white background.
Nuremberg
On the Nuremberg tram , the express tram line 31, which existed from 1927 to 1939 - the only one in the network - had a red line number on a white background, which is why it was nicknamed Rote 31 . It led from Nuremberg main station via Plärrer and the Fürth main station to Flößaustraße in Fürth. The express line had exclusive access to two tracks in the middle of the road on the four-track route, although it only stopped three times along the way. However, there was no black line 31, the regular connection with stops at all intermediate stations was line 1.
Potsdam
In the tram Potsdam wrong between 2000 and 2010, the three express routes X91, X93 and X98, which were marked with a white cross on a red background.
Stuttgart
On the Stuttgart trams (SSB), the amplifier line 10E had a red line signal on the occasion of the first Baden-Württemberg state exhibition , which took place from July to October 1955 on the Killesberg . The destination sign "State Exhibition" was also displayed in white on a red background. The express bus routes X1, X2 and X7 introduced in 2018/2019 are also shown at the stops in white lettering on a red background.
Wurzburg
On the Würzburg tram , express lines 504 and 505 were marked with a red line number until the introduction of matrix displays, and the line destination itself was also displayed in red on a white background.
Italy
The Rome tram introduced red line numbers as early as 1910, over the years there have been 20 different red lines, the last of which was renumbered in 1973. Later there were also red lines on the Rome trolleybus . Other Italian transport networks with red numbers were the trolleybus Ancona , the trolleybus Cagliari , the trolleybus Catania , the tramway Florence , the trolleybus Florence , the tramway Milan , the tramway Naples , the trolleybus Naples , the urban bus network in Naples, the tramway Padua , the Trolleybus Salerno and the trolleybus Palermo .
Japan
In city bus traffic in the Japanese city of Kyoto , ring lines are marked with a white line number on a red background, while normal diameter lines have a blue background.
Poland
- Wroclaw
- In the tram Wroclaw temporarily established construction lines were temporarily marked with a red line number.
- Łódź and Poznan
- For the Łódź tram and the Poznan tram, routes diverted due to construction sites are indicated with a red line number. If the journey also leads to a different destination, this is also shown in red.
- Warsaw
- In the capital Warsaw , buses with a black number stop at each stop, while the express buses with red line numbers only stop at the most important stops.
Wroclaw: a train on construction line 70, 2005
Poznan: a diverted train on line 13, 2011
An express bus on line 520 in Warsaw, 2007
Romania
On the Bucharest tram , line 26, which existed from 1966 to 1986, had a red line number as a unique selling point. On the one hand, it was the first and only ring line in the network and, on the other hand, it was the only tram line in the Romanian capital that offered continuous night traffic. When the Podul Grant bridge had to be renewed from 1979 onwards , bus route 105 also ran on three different routes for two years:
- 105 Strada Alexandru Moghioroș - Piața Scînteii
-
105Strada Valea Oltului - Gara de Nord, from 1981 line 215 - 105 Piața Alexandru Moghioroș - Piața Scînteii, from 1981 line 255
In 1978 the Timișoara tram finally introduced this principle when line 2 was renamed red line 1. From 1985 onwards, the respective directions of travel of the two ring lines 6 and 7 were temporarily distinguished there by the colors red and black. The respective red line went clockwise while the respective black line went counterclockwise. For a short time, the deleted line 15 of the Timișoara trolleybus was also called line 15 red in the early 1990s.
In Craiova bus lines 1 red and 2 red used to run.
The fourth Romanian transport company with red lines is the Oradea tram , Oradea is the only Romanian city in which these can still be found in 2017. There, lines 1N, 3N and 4N have been serving the inner city ring since the major line changeover on August 31, 1986 in a clockwise direction, while lines 1R, 3R and 4R run counter-clockwise.
Russia
In Russia, red line numbers can still be found in 2016 on the Moscow transport company Mosgortrans . They are used there on the tram, as well as on the trolleybus and the bus. In addition, the tram companies in Biysk , Lipetsk , Novokuznetsk and Salavat as well as the trolleybus companies in Belgorod , Bryansk , Irkutsk , Novocheboksarsk , Samara and Ufa are familiar with this principle. In contrast, some other Russian provincial cities now manage without any red line numbers.
Switzerland
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In Switzerland, as early as 1930, those trains on line 12 (Annemasse Gare-Collonges-Sous-Salève) on the Geneva tram had a red line signal that only shuttled between Rive and Croix-de-Rozon as a Sunday repeater. In the 1970s, when line 12 - the last remaining Geneva tram line - only ran between Carouge and Moillesulaz , the red line number was used for the courses to the intermediate terminus at Chêne-Bourg station . In between there were other red line signals, some of which were combined with crossed line signals. The Geneva trolleybus used to use red line numbers for short runners.
The municipal transport company of Bern used red line numbers to mark the rear of the so-called express routes on bus and trolleybus routes. There was also a red triangle above the red line number.
In Basel , the reinforcement courses on bus line 35, which only commuted between Habermatten and Riehen Post, had a red line number with red destination signs.
On the only line of the Neuchâtel tram , instead of "5 NEUCHATEL" or "5 BOUDRY" in white letters on a blue background - according to the color code of this line - alternatively "5 COURSE SPECIALE" was displayed in white letters on a red background for special trips and additional courses. In contrast, many Swiss companies indicated extra trips and empty trips on the roll-up displays with red letters on a white background - mostly without a line number or with the line identifier E.
Ukraine
On the Kiev tram , the new 5к amplifier line has been running in addition to the regular line 5 since 2015. In previous years, lines 1к, 11к and 21к also existed. As of 2016, three more red lines can be found in the trolleybus network of the Ukrainian capital.
Hungary
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In the Hungarian capital Budapest there was a red line number, which was also framed in red, until the line number reform in 2008 for express bus lines, since then these accelerated lines have been marked with the additional letter E for expressz after the line number. There were two different principles:
- Express lines parallel to "normal" lines: These ran mostly parallel to their black line, but served fewer stops. They are used for longer distances, including, for example, line 7 , which only served about half as many stops as regular line 7.
- Connection lines for outskirts: These lines were used to connect far outlying areas to the city or the subway. They run in the interior as an express line, but in their destination area as a district bus . These lines usually had no "black" equivalent, a large part of the three-digit line numbers belonged to this group.
United States
The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) used to mark its express bus routes with a white number on a red background, while the same route number on a black background denoted a car that stopped anywhere. The express lines are still shown on the stop signs in red letters on a white background, but the same line number is no longer assigned to a regular and an express bus line.
The San Francisco Municipal Railway (MUNI) also used to identify its express lines with displays with a red background and the suffix "X". Sometimes there were several express lines with the same baseline. In this case a line was marked in red on a white background and the suffixes "AX" and "BX" were added. Yellow lettering on a red background would have been intended for the C-Express, but there was no such line. Furthermore, express lines, so-called "Limited Services", were set off from the regular lines on a black background by a green background. Here, too, the red marking can still be found at the stops today.
Belarus
In Mahiljou , Belarus , the local trolleybus network still had two repeater lines 3 red and 5 red in 2016; in 2017 these were already discontinued.
Combination with dashed line names
Some cities use alternate line names that are crossed out instead of the red line numbers , and sometimes both systems are combined.
Red target sign
An alternative to the red line number is to only highlight the destination in red or in red font in the event of deviations from the regular route. This is, or was, for example, in the tram in Augsburg , in the tram Basel , in the Trams in Budapest , in the Trams in Halle (Saale) , in tram Copenhagen , in the tram Mülheim and at the Wiener Lokalbahn practiced. With the Kassel tram, on the other hand, only the middle third of the destination display used to have a red background on short courses.
E-car
Even non-line-bound electric cars are often marked in red and white or white and red, although the letter E replaces the line number.
Demarcation
For visual reasons, some transport companies consistently use red line numbers in order to better distinguish them from the destination display in black font. This variant therefore has no meaning in terms of the content of the article. Examples from Germany for this were in earlier years the Lindau city bus service , the Lübeck city bus service and the Osnabrück city bus service .
When Trams in The Hague a few decades functioned from the interwar period long illuminated white line numbers on a red background as a substitute for the missing tail lamp of the series 751-780 on the sidecar, such as in the 1929-built four-axle vehicles.
On the Hanover tram , the former regional tram line 11 to Hildesheim was generally known as the Rote 11 . The reason for this, however, was not their line number, but the different red and white painted vehicles that were used exclusively on this connection.
Red line number with no specific meaning on a historic Oslo tram car
The Hague: red line number instead of tail light
Hanover: the Red 11 to Hildesheim
Individual evidence
- ↑ The history of the Brussels trolleybus on trolleybus.ligne54.be
- ↑ Reiner Bimmermann: Aachener streetcar. Volume 1: History . Schweers + Wall, Aachen 1999, ISBN 3-89494-116-2 , p. 188.
- ↑ a b The first Berlin express bus routes on www.berliner-verkehrsseiten.de
- ↑ The traditional bus line 54 (M45) on traditionsbus.de, accessed on March 8, 2016
- ^ Jan Wellem , magazine for culture and tradition of the Alde Düsseldorfer Bürgergesellschaft from 1920 e. V. Volume 84, Issue No. 3, August to October 2009
- ↑ bahnbilder.de
- ↑ Die Weisse und die Rote 6 , article on preussen-blog.de, accessed on March 14, 2016
- ↑ The line colors of the tram on tramfan-ffm.de, accessed on June 27, 2016
- ↑ Chronicle of the Hamburg tram lines from 1927 on horstbu.de ( Memento from November 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Chronicle of the Hamburg tram lines from 1933 on horstbu.de ( Memento from November 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Chronicle of the Hamburg tram lines from 1936 on horstbu.de ( Memento from November 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Chronicle of the Hamburg tram lines from 1936 on horstbu.de ( Memento from December 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Chronicle of the Hamburg tram lines from 1946 on horstbu.de ( Memento from November 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Chronicle of the Hamburg tram lines from 1950 on horstbu.de ( Memento from January 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Traffic primer "On the way with the HVV", October 1970.
- ↑ Rollband advertisement VHH-Bergedorf on nimmbus.de, accessed on January 27, 2018
- ^ AG "Historische Nahverkehrsmittel Leipzig eV", The series ON RAILS ON THE ROAD, The Leipzig tram 1952 to 1965.
- ↑ From pair to light rail. Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe, 1996, p. 97.
- ↑ VBL 152 on rnlf.ticse.net
- ↑ Stop Eschenbachstraße on rnlf.ticse.net
- ↑ P-railcar and p-sidecar on strassenbahn-muenchen.de
- ↑ tramreport.de
- ↑ Vom Adler zur U3 , article from the news portal nordbayern.de from April 2, 2010
- ^ Express tram in Potsdam at potsdam-straba.de, accessed on June 26, 2016
- ↑ Line chronicle of the Rome tram from 1909 to 1929 on www.tramroma.com ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Line chronicle of the Rome tram from 1930 on www.tramroma.com ( Memento of the original from May 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Kyoto Buses on insidekyoto.com
- ↑ Local traffic in the Warsaw transport association ZTM on http: //cityguide.oeamtc.at,/ accessed on February 5, 2017
- ↑ Linia inelară de tramvai. Înapoi în București după un sfert de secol , article on greatnews.ro, accessed on March 5, 2016
- ↑ Focus on the tram. 6/1992, p. 235.
- ↑ Newspaper Renasterea banateana. Born in 1990.
- ↑ Transport in comun Craiova on craiova.stfp.net, accessed on July 9, 2017
- ↑ tramoldtimer-basel.ch
- ↑ Muni lines (picture of the scrolling ads) on www.flickr.com
- ↑ Mahiljou: Constant renewal of the vehicle fleet, report by Jürgen Lehmann on trolleymotion.eu ( memento of the original from April 27, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ulrich Fröhberg: The Kassel tram. Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-95400-186-6 .
