Geneva tram
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| Basic information | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| city | Geneva |
| opening | June 19, 1862 |
| operator | Transports publics genevois |
| Infrastructure | |
| Route length | 36 km |
| Gauge | 1000 mm ( meter gauge ) |
| Power system | 600 V DC overhead line |
| Stops | 80 |
| business | |
| Lines | 5 |
| Clock in the peak hours | 3-4 minutes |
| vehicles | 46 Duewag-Vevey 39 Bombardier Cityrunner 19 Stadler Tango |
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The Geneva tram is the tram system of the city of Geneva in Switzerland . Like the Geneva trolleybus and the urban bus lines, it is operated by Transports publics genevois (TPG).
Lines
The Geneva tram network currently consists of four lines. The canceled lines 14 and 17, which were introduced on December 9, 2007, with a shortened route, have not been offered since the network reform of December 11, 2011. In addition, this type of line marking was also used in earlier years. In some cases, red line numbers were used as alternatives for such short tours , sometimes in combination with line numbers that were crossed out.
| line | route | Stops | Travel time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | Palettes - Lancy -Bachet-Gare - Carouge - Plainpalais - Bel-Air - Rive - Moillesulaz | 28 | 39 minutes |
| 14th | P + R Bernex - Petit-Lancy - Jonction - Stand - Bel-Air - Gare Cornavin - Servette - Meyrin-Gravière | 27 | 44 minutes |
| 15th | Palettes - Grand-Lancy - Acacias - Plainpalais - Stand - Gare Cornavin - Nations | 20th | 29 minutes |
| 17th | Lancy -Pont-Rouge-Gare - Acacias - Plainpalais - Bel-Air - Rive - Moillesulaz - Annemasse -Parc-Montessuit | 26th | 43 minutes |
| 18th | Lancy -Bachet-Gare - Carouge - Plainpalais - Bel-Air - Gare Cornavin - Servette - CERN | 28 | 41 minutes |
The central transfer stations Gare Cornavin , Stand , Bel-Air and Plainpalais ensure that every place in the tram network can be reached with a maximum of one change.
history
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The history of the Geneva tram begins on June 19, 1862 with the opening of a horse-drawn tram between Place Neuve and Carouge . In 1889 a steam tram followed with vehicles from the French manufacturer Serpollet and in 1894 the first electric tram. In 1899, the Compagnie Genevoise des Tramways Électriques ( CGTE ), the predecessor company of TPG, was founded. She set herself the goal of standardizing the various systems. All lines have been electrified and converted to meter gauge. By 1923, a total of 120 kilometers of track had been built, extending into the surrounding area and partly as far as France .
In 1925 one began to convert the overland lines to bus operation. This process also continued in the city center, where the lines were partly replaced by trolley buses . By 1969, the network shrank to an approximately eight kilometer long tram route, which was served by line 12 (Moillesulaz – Carouge). The good technical condition of the tram cars and the fact that they had not yet been written off meant that the last tram line was temporarily retained.
In the 1970s, the idea was raised to reconnect the relatively large suburban communities of Meyrin and Onex - with a correspondingly modern light rail system - to the remaining tram route. However, all ideas and investments necessary in the medium term to maintain the remaining infrastructure exceeded the possibilities of the private CGTE. An accepted popular initiative called for the nationalization of the CGTE, with which on January 1, 1977 the CGTE became the TPG , an independent management company of the Canton of Geneva.
Renovations between 1978 and 1992
The tracks of the last remaining tram line were renewed in 1978 under the "new" TPG. The planning of the proposed new routes was tackled, but did not lead to the first concrete construction projects until June 12, 1988 with the adoption of a new cantonal law on public transport, which manifested itself in larger network expansions from 1995.
The urgent modernization of the existing company could, however, be tackled earlier. In 1984 in Bachet-de-Pesay in the municipality of Lancy , construction began on the new Bachet tram depot. In order to connect the new facilities with the existing network, the route of line 12 was extended by one kilometer from Carouge to Bachet on September 27, 1987 . The parking and maintenance facility in Bachet was opened in 1988, followed by the attached tram and track construction workshop in 1990 and finally the new administration building in 1992, which has since housed the headquarters of TPG.
Based on the prototype Be 4/6 741 from 1984, a total of 45 new, partly low-floor articulated vehicles were purchased from 1987 to 1989, which were supplied by Vevey Technologies in Villeneuve , in cooperation with Düwag and BBC and ABB . The colloquial term "DAV" for these vehicles is an acronym for Düwag - Ateliers de Vevey . With the new acquisition, the old trams could be completely dispensed with, as the future network expansions with the new lines 13 and 16 were already taken into account in the number of vehicles.
Network expansion between 1995 and 2006
The vote in favor of the new projects in 1988 led to an initial expansion phase, at the center of which was the construction of the Plainpalais – Carouge – Bachet – Palettes – Acacias – Plainpalais and the Rhone crossing to Geneva's Cornavin main train station with continuation to Place des Nations at the UNO in Geneva. Seat.
Line 13 (Cornavin – Bachet) was opened on May 28, 1995 and the tram returned to the other side of the Rhône. On June 28, 1997, line 13 was extended from Bachet to Palettes, and in May 1998 line 16 (Moillesulaz – Cornavin) began operations.
On December 14, 2003, line 13 was extended from Cornavin to Nations . The line 15 was put into operation on 11 December 2004, to operate a new route from Lancy-Pont-Rouge via Acacias by Plainpalais and goes from there over the station Cornavin according Nations . Since December 10, 2005, the aforementioned new section has also been used by line 17 , which runs from Plainpalais on to Gare-Eaux-Vives .
Additional trams were ordered due to the increased demand for vehicles due to the network expansion after 2000. Between 2004 and 2005, 21 Cityrunners (“Flexity Outlook C”) were initially procured from Bombardier Transportation , with an option for a further 17 vehicles being exercised at the end of 2007.
On May 13, 2006, when the section between Palettes and Lancy-Pont-Rouge went into operation, the ring closed, with which the construction projects of the first expansion phase could be completed. With the new section, lines 15 and 17 were extended to Palettes and Bachet , respectively . Since then, the four tram lines 12, 13, 15 and 17 that run on the ring route no longer use reversing loops, but instead change the line number at the designated “end stops”: between lines 12 and 17, the line number changed at the Bachet stop , between the lines 13 and 15 at the Palettes stop .
Since 2009, the line change has only taken place between lines 12 and 15 at the Palettes stop . Line 13 turns in the Palettes loop , line 17 in the Lancy-Pont-Rouge loop .
Expansion projects TCMC and TCOB between 2007 and 2011
The next expansion phases included the Cornavin – Meyrin – CERN (TCMC) tram project , construction of which began in early 2006, and the Cornavin – Onex – Bernex (TCOB) tram , for which the Federal Council granted the concession in January 2007.
The first section of the TCMC between Cornavin and Avanchet was opened on December 8, 2007 and was used by the extended line 16 (Moillesulaz – Avanchet) and the new line 14 (Bachet – Avanchet). On the same date, line 17 was also extended from Eaux-Vives station to the disused Chêne-Bourg station, which means that the short branch line there, including the turning loop, is back in scheduled service after a long time.
Although the new TCMC section was built with two lanes, the lack of a turning loop at the provisional endpoint Avanchet and the final stops Meyrin-Gravière and CERN as well as several stations with a central platform make the exclusive use of bidirectional vehicles on the lines in question necessary. The rather limited number of Cityrunners procured for this purpose led to the existing option for 17 additional vehicles being redeemed, while the previously practiced linking of lines 12 and 16 at the Moillesulaz terminus was dispensed with.
The opening of the second stage (Avanchet – Meyrin) was due to various objections on December 12, 2009 on the section to Meyrin (Gravière). On April 30, 2011, operations began on the section up to CERN .
The TCOB route to Bernex P + R, which includes a second crossing of the Rhône, went into operation at the end of 2011. The first - albeit very short - section between Coutance and Gare Cornavin was already put into operation when the timetable changed in December 2010. Since then, the new line 18 has operated there, which was extended to CERN in May 2011 .
After the new line to Bernex P + R went into operation, the numbering was simplified. There were now only three tram lines, the 12, 14 and 15. The lines 13, 16, 17 and 18 were given up, as only one line now operates per route (one line (14), however, on two different, but partially overlapping routes). This should simplify operations. However, this meant that it was no longer possible to reach all destinations in the city center and in particular the Cornavin train station without changing trains from all branches of the route. After some confusion (line 14 went to both Meyrin Gravière and CERN) line number 18 was reintroduced and the line between the stand and CERN was assigned; Line 14 runs the route from Meyrin Gravière to Bernex. Since the summer of 2014, line 18 has also been extended to Carouge and no longer uses the small loop at the previous terminus Stand.
Further planning
- The TCOB route is to be extended from Bernex P + R to Bernex-Ouest (Vailly P + R). However, commissioning is to be delayed until the end of 2020.
- The TCMC route is to be extended from CERN to Saint-Genis-Pouilly in France. Commissioning was originally planned for a time horizon of 2016.
- Further project studies deal with the extension of the tracks from Nations to Grand-Saconnex - primarily to the Palexpo exhibition center - and, in a later stage, to Ferney-Voltaire in France.
- The route to Moillesulaz continues in the direction of Annemasse . The detailed plans for this were laid out in September 2013. The 3.2 km long route is to run from the border via the municipalities of Gaillard and Ambilly to the center of Annemasse. The end point should be Lycée des Glières . The journey time should be just under twelve minutes, construction began in 2017. The first section between Moillesulaz Frontière and Annemasse Parc Montessuit is scheduled for the timetable change on December 8, 2019. The rest of the section to Lycée de Glières is scheduled to open in 2022. Line 17 will be reintroduced for this purpose and will operate on the Genève Pont-Rouge - Annemasse route.
- Finally, a line from the Trèfle-Blanc stop on line 12 to Saint-Julien-en-Genevois in France is to be built; commissioning is scheduled for 2021.
vehicles
Current railcars
- Be 4/6 801 "DAV" (1984), prototype formerly 741
- Be 4/6 802 to 822 "DAV" (1987 and 1988)
- Be 4/6 825 and 826 "DAV" (1988)
- Be 4/8 831 to 846 "DAV" (1989), originally Be 4/6
- Be 4/8 847 to 852 "DAV" (1988), originally Be 4/6 823 to 824 and 827 to 830
- Be 6/8 861 to 881 " Cityrunner / Flexity C " (2004 and 2005)
- Be 6/8 882 to 899 “ Cityrunner ” (2009–2010)
- Be 6/10 1801 to 1819 “ Tango ” (2011–2014) One of the vehicles is a prototype equipped with the so-called Supercap energy-saving system. In the supercapacitors of the vehicle can e.g. B. the entire braking energy of a stopping process can be stored. If the trial run is positive, the remaining vehicles could also be equipped with this technology.
- Be 6/10 1820 to 1832 “ Tango ” (2016–2017)
Historic railcars
- Ce 4/4 66 (1901/1936) CGTE / SAAS, retrieved from AMITRAM (Lille), in preparation
- Ce 4/4 67 (1901/1936) CGTE / SAAS
- Ce 4/4 70 (1901/1936) CGTE / SAAS, owned by Compagnie ferroviaire du Léman (CFDL), used as an event car
- Ce 2/4 80 (1901) Herbrandt, on loan from AMTUIR (Paris), not operational
- Ce 2/2 125 (1920) SIG / SAAS, loan from the Blonay – Chamby museum railway (BC)
- Ce 4/4 729 (1952) SWP / SAAS, Swiss standard car
Historic trailer cars
- Bi 363 (1919) SIG
- Bi 369 (1919) SIG, retrieved from AMTUIR (Paris), in processing
- B 308 (1951) FFA, Swiss standard car
- X 70, flat wagon, owned by Compagnie ferroviaire du Léman (CFDL)
- X 603, snow plow, inoperative
- K 204 (1913) SWS, boxcar, acquired by BVB for conversion to CGTE freight wagons, not operational
Former vehicles elsewhere
The luggage Twice 4/4 151 with the trailer wagon Ci 370 is operational at the Blonay-Chamby museum railway and the trailer wagon is parked at AMITRAM (Lille).
In addition, between 1993 and 1996 Geneva handed over four standard trains that were no longer needed to the Sibiu tram in Romania, where they operated until they were discontinued in 2011. Two motor coaches and one sidecar are still inoperable in Rasinari.
Motor car Be 4/4 724 and side car 323 on Rue de Genève
The identical railcar 715 with the trailer 313 around 1980 in Carouge
A DAV tram in the paint scheme from 2000
A DAV tram in the current design
A Bombardier Flexity Outlook (Cityrunner) tram
A Stadler Tango tram (with advertising film for a radio station)
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literature
- Peter Willen: Trams in Switzerland. Railcar . Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich 1978, ISBN 3-280-00998-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Plans du réseau tpg et Noctambus. TPG, accessed on May 6, 2018 (French).
- ↑ Eric Favre: Serpollet, à tout vapeur. In: gazoline.net. Retrieved May 6, 2018 (French).
- ↑ Le tram de Bernex attend un feu vert imminent. Tribune de Genève, March 2017, accessed on 22 August 2017 (French).
- ↑ Working group Blickpunkt Straßenbahn e. V. (Ed.): Focus on the tram . No. 5 , 2013, ISSN 0173-0290 , p. 114 .
- ↑ Tramways STADLER TANGO Be 6/10. TPG, accessed on May 6, 2018 (French).
- ↑ Supercap tram successfully in operation. (PDF, 24.95 kB) Stadler Rail, August 3, 2012, accessed on May 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Sandro Hartmeier: Delivery of 13 more Tango trams to TPG since October 2016. In: Bahnonline.ch. October 20, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2017 .
