Duewag articulated trolley

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The six-axle vehicles of the Rheinbahn were the first Duewag articulated wagons
Interior of a GT8 of the Rheinbahn

The Duewag-articulated cars was earlier mainly in West Germany widespread type of tram - railcars in joint design , isolated also emerged sidecar and some under license . The articulated trolleys were produced in large quantities by the Düsseldorf manufacturer Duewag from 1956 and are based on the Duewag open-plan trolley which was five years older . The joint variant discussed here achieved a dominant market position in the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria . The vehicles , built according to uniform principles , were also exported to other countries, and are still in daily use in many companies today. The electrical equipment and controls were supplied by Siemens , BBC or Kiepe Elektrik .

The successors to the classic Duewag articulated wagons are the Mannheim type (from 1969), the Freiburg type (from 1971), the Frankfurt P-railcar (from 1972) and the type M / N light rail car (from 1975).

history

Two-way car type GT 6Z of the Heidelberg tram with vertical front windows

The first six-axle vehicles in one and two-directional design (Z) ran from 1956 in Düsseldorf and on the Bochum / Gelsenkirchen tram ( GT 6 and GT 6 Z). This was followed after two years by an eight-axle variant (GT 8) for Düsseldorf. The one -way wagons had the typical Duewag front with the sloping front window, which was derived from the American PCC wagon .

Means GT vehicle of the type 6 with inclined front disks of the transport companies Ludwigshafen in Mannheim

Other cities with Duewag unit articulated vehicles were Bielefeld (GT 6), Braunschweig (GT 6), Bonn (GT 6), Frankfurt (GT 6 and GT 8), Hanover (GT 6), Hagen (GT 6 Z), Heidelberg (GT 6 and GT 6 Z and GT 8 Z), Krefeld (GT 6 and GT 8), Mainz (GT 6 - as a purchase from Heidelberg), Mannheim / Ludwigshafen (GT 6, for Ludwigshafen also GT 8), Kiel (GT 6) , Würzburg (GT 6 and GT 8), Wuppertal (GT 8), Herten and Basel (both GT 6 with a pike-like front face), Rotterdam (GT 8). Most of the cars were 2.2 meters wide. Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Krefeld and Hanover had articulated vehicles that were 2.35 meters wide. Instead of the Duewag bogies with tandem drive, the Hanoverian wagons had LHB frames with a pawl bearing drive . The 91 Dortmund GT8 vehicles also had pin bearing drives, their width was 2.3 meters.

Duewag GT 6 with trolley booms in Copenhagen , 1960

In Cologne , GT 6 with matching four-axle sidecars and GT 8, each 2.5 meters wide, were procured from 1963. The GT 6 and B 4 were converted into GT 8 from 1968. The reason was that the sidecar operation in the new subway tunnels had not been permitted by the supervisory authority. Conversions from GT 6 to GT 8 were also carried out in Düsseldorf, Duisburg, Essen, Bielefeld, Krefeld and Würzburg.

OEG eight-axle vehicle with less inclined front windows
12-axle Duewag articulated wagon of the Rhein-Haardtbahn

In the winter of 1957/58 the Dusseldorf car 2412 was on trial runs in Copenhagen , whereupon the Copenhagen tram acquired 100 Duewag articulated cars (road numbers 801 to 900) in seven delivery series from 1960 to 1968. 31 of these vehicles were delivered to Copenhagen as shell structures and completed there. In the period 1969–1972, in the course of the closure of the Copenhagen tram, all but one of the Duewags were sold to Alexandria , where many of them with unchanged numbers are still in use. The first Duewag six-axle vehicle arrived in Copenhagen in the summer of 1960; before that, it had - fitted with pantographs - undertook test drives on the Rheinbahn network . With the Copenhagen car 868, Duewag advertised its vehicles at the International Transport Exhibition in Munich in 1965 . The Copenhagen cars were 19,095 m long, 2,200 m wide and had pantographs .

The Oberrheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (OEG) procured bidirectional wagons for overland traffic with a flatter PCC front. These windshields were also found on the Frankfurt GT 8 Z, eight of which were procured in 1969 as type " O ".

In 1967 the Rhein-Haardtbahn (RHB) procured four twelve-axle articulated cars for the Bad Dürkheim – Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim line , which were considered the longest tram cars in the world for the next 27 years.

Licensed buildings

In 1959, the Rastatt wagon factory also produced eight six-axle articulated wagons for the Albtalbahn under license . They were later all expanded to eight-axle vehicles. The “Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kasseler Waggonindustrie” (a cooperation between Wegmann and Credé ) produced 33 licensed six-axle vehicles for the Kassel tram .

Further licensed buildings were built under the direction of the Austrian manufacturers Lohner and Simmering-Graz-Pauker . These are or were to be found in Graz , Innsbruck , Linz and Vienna ( type E ). In Linz, cars 68 to 79, which were lengthened to ten-axle vehicles in 1979 and 1980 by installing a second middle section, were the second longest vehicles of this type after the GT12 used on the Rhein-Haardtbahn.

On the other hand, the externally similar types GT6-EP , GT6-D and GT8-D of the Karlsruhe tram and the types ST 7 and ST 8 of the Darmstadt tram are not licensed buildings . These series were produced in-house by Waggon-Union and DWM . Only the license for the folding doors comes from Duewag, while the front window is based on a PCC license.

  • AVG railcars from the Rastatt wagon factory

  • E1 railcar and c4 sidecar in Vienna

  • Wegmann license building in Kassel, built in 1970

  • Linz license eight-axle vehicle

List of Duewag articulated wagons

business design type Construction year designation number Retirement Remarks
Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft GT8 1958-1969 1-7 and 16-21, 1982: 101-107 and 116-121 13 1995-2006
Basel GT6 1967 Be 4/6 603-622 20th 2001 whole series 2001 to Belgrade / Serbia
GT6 1972 Be 4/6 623-658 36 2003/2012 623, 633, 635, 636, 641, 643, 658 2001–2012 at the BLT . 2012 to Belgrade / Serbia
625, 630, 631, 632, 640, 657 2001 to Belgrade / Serbia
Bielefeld GT6 1957-1963 221-259, from 1968: 801-810, 822-850 39 1983/1990 1966/1975 partial conversion to GT8: 801–810, 811–815,
eight-axle vehicles to Innsbruck and Würzburg, six-axle vehicles to Innsbruck and Lodz
BOGESTRA GT6 1956 250-255 6th 1982
GT6Z 1957/1958 261-293 33 1988 partly sold to Lille / France , 277 conversion to grinding car 677, 275 1995 to BMB ; TW 279, 290 and 292 sold to Gotha in 1995, there TW 579, 590 and 592. In Gotha 2002-2007 a and scrapped
GT6Z 1959 272 "-274", 297, 298 5 1992 sold to Lille / France
GT6Z 1961-1969 1-53 53 1996 48 1988 conversion to party car 88, partly sold to Arad / Romania , 40 museum cars; TW2, 7 and 28 sold to Gotha in 1995, there TW 502, 507, 528, 2002-2007 there a, 528 sold to IG Hirzbergbahn (2015 to dealers)
Bonn GT6 1959 231-240 10 1994 sold to Sofia / Bulgaria
GT8Z 1960/1961/1965/1969 401-414 14th ? 406 burned out in 1983, 414 as a future museum car in Bonn, the rest to Sofia / Bulgaria
Bonn – Godesberg – Mehlem GT8Z 1965 301 1 ? 1983 as 415 to Bonn (replacement for 406)
Braunschweig GT6 1962 6263-6267, ex 31-35 5 1996 scrapped, 35 in operation as museum cars
Dessau GT8 1964/1966 001-014 14th 1992 from Duisburg, 1997 four cars went to Norrköping , six were scrapped in 2002/03
Dortmund GT8Z 1959-1974 1-15 ", 6-15, 16-81 91 1980-2001 41–60 built by Hansa ; Sales to Karlsruhe , Hiroshima / Japan (76 and 80), Reșița / Romania and Wuppertal ; 13 meanwhile sold to private individuals and used as a café at times
Dusseldorf GT6 1956-1961 2301-2309, 2311-2320, 2401-2440, 2501-2520, 2551, 2601-2615 95 2011 2421–2430, 2434–2440 1976/77 conversion to GT8, 2551 1969 conversion to GT8, 2601–2615 1974 conversion to GT8 2751–2765; 2304 1995 to HSM
GT8 1956–1961, 1968/1969 2310, 2351-2358, 2451-2458, 2552-2559, 2497-2499, 2651-2673 52 2011 2497–2499 with dining compartment, 2310 in 1966 conversion to GT6
GT8Z 1966 1265-1269, later 2265-2269 4th 1993 1269 museum car on line D.
Duisburg GT6 1957/1958 233-242 10 1992 from 1966 conversion to GT8
GT8 1960–1962 17-19 3 1992 17 + 18 dining compartment for line D, 19 only temporarily with dining compartment
GT8 1963 20th 1 1992 Test car for line 9, 2.2 m wide
GT6 1962-1967 56-76, 243-255 34 1993 Conversion to GT8, partly with installation of chopper control; partly sold to Dessau
eat GT6 1958-1960 601-660 60 until 2000 partly conversion to GT8, 1992 and 1993 partly conversion with doors on the left side, partly sold to Arad / Romania
GT8 1960 1801-1806 6th 1992 Middle parts partially to Mülheim an der Ruhr sold
GT6Z 1962/1963 1721-1730 10 until 2000 From 1992 conversion to GT8Z, 1753 museum car
GT6 1963-1966 1661-1663, 1671-1676 9 until 2000 partly conversion to GT8, 1992/1993 partly conversion with doors on the left side, partly sold to Arad / Romania
Frankfurt am Main GT6 1959/1960 + 1963 M 601-645 45 1998 1968–1978 partial light rail operation , 602 museum cars
GT8 1963 N 801-830 30th 2004 812 museum cars
GT8Z 1969 O 901-908 8th 2005 902 and 908 museum cars
Freiburg / Brsg. GT8 1972 201-204 4th 2001 with Geamatic control, used by the Łódź tram from 2006 to 2012
GT8K 1981 205-214 10 partly still in operation Width 2.32m; TW 205 HTw; 207 scrapped in 2007, 208 + 209 sold to Ulm in 2008, where a bidirectional car was converted into a tow car (TW 17) using both A and a C parts. The remaining vehicles are expected to be parked at the end of 2017.
GT8N 1990/91 221-231 11 in operation With matrix display and pantographs
Gotha GT6 1960/1962/1963/1967 318, 320, 324, 395, 396, 401, 408, 412, 442, 443 10 taken over from Mannheim, retired / scrapped from 2005–2017
GT6Z 1957/1958/1961/1962 502, 507, 528, 579, 590, 592 6th 2002-2007 taken over by BOGESTRA
GT8N 1962/1964 505, 508, 516, 518, 521, 522 6th in operation taken over from Mannheim; 505, 508, 521 in operation; 522 scrapped after an accident with a city bus in 2018, 5516 driving school car (still parked), 518 taken over as spare parts donor in 03/2019 and scrapped in 04/2019 after removing usable parts.
Hagen GT6Z 1959-1967 60-85 26th 1976 sold 1975/76 to Würzburg , Innsbruck / Austria (conversion to GT8Z, in operation) and Belgrade / Serbia
Hanover GT6 1961/1962 501-522 22nd 1992-1998 2.35 m wide; 522 museum cars, 503, 507 1997 at HSM : 507 scrapped
Heidelberg GT6 1960 201-213 13 1968-1974 201–203 1968 sold to Mannheim (318 "–320"), 204–213 1971/74 to Mainz (236–245)
GT6Z 1964-1973 214-244 31 1984-2011 216, 224, 242 scrapped after a fire in 1984; 214 Conversion of the grinding car in Heidelberg (200); 215, 217 to Mannheim and conversion to grinding trolleys (1301, 1302); 218–220, 225–229, 232, 237–241 sold to Schöneiche ; 221 to Jena and conversion to a party car (666); 235 to Jena as a spare parts donor, 230 and 243 in 2018 to the training center Retten und Helfen Mosbach , 222–223, 231, 233–234, 236, 244 scrapped
GT8Z 1975 201-204 4th 201, 203 scrapped
kassel GT6 1966/1967 351-357 6th until 2003 partly sold to Gorzów (Poland) or scrapped
Kiel GT6 1959-1961 261-275 15th 1985
Cologne GT6 1963/1965 3601-3629, 3651-3678 57 ? 2.5 m wide, 1968/1 * 69 conversion to GT8 3701–3729, 3751–71
GT8 1963-1966 3801-3832, 3851-3883 65 ? 2.5 m wide, initially partly with a narrower door in the middle part
GT8 1968-1971 3001-3048, 3110-3139, 3772-3778 85 until 2006 2.5 m wide, from 1983 conversion for double traction; several copies to Konya / Turkey ; from there in 2015 to Sarajevo / Bosnia
Copenhagen GT6 1960-1966 801-900 100 1972 1 car burnt out, 99 cars in 1972 to Alexandria / Egypt
815, 890 2001 to Skjoldenæsholm Tram Museum, Denmark
Krefeld GT4 1959/1960 301-306 6th 1989
GT6 1964 601-610 10 1989 1978 609 + 610 conversion to GT8 809 + 810, retired in 2010
GT6 1972 611-617 7th 2010 1977/1978 conversion to GT8 811–817, 813 retired in 1984 after fire damage
GT6 1974 618-624 7th 2010 1976/1977 conversion to GT8 818–824, 820 retired in 1999 after an accident; B and C parts on 827
GT8 1976 825-830 6th 2010
Ludwigshafen GT6 1967 147-152 5 2004/2005 149–151 from 1970 GT8; 148 from 1980 GT8; 148, 152 turned off; 147 and 149 sold to Lodz in 2009, 150 sold to Helsinki in 2004, 151 scrapped in 2019
GT8 1971 153-159 7th 2002-2009 158 Scrapped in 2004, the remainder stored
Mainz GT6Z 1965 228-235, ex 128-135 8th 1994
Mannheim GT6 1958-1967 312-450 149 ? 322–324, 326, 328, 329, 334–338, 342–345, 349, 358, 360, 365, 368, 379–381, 386, 390, 391, 393, 398, 400, 403, 405–407, 409, 414, 418 1965 to Ludwigshafen (101-138); 417, 428–434 in 1965 to Ludwigshafen (139–146) and in 1977 under the old number back to Mannheim; 318-320 1968 ex Heidelberg 201-203; 1991 23 cars converted to GT8N; 10 pieces sold to Gotha ; 35 pieces sold to Zagreb ; 5 pieces sold to Osijek ; 2 pieces sold to Grudziądz ; 2 pieces sold to Kaliningrad ; 10 Ludwigshafen cars sold to Arad .
GT8N 1993 501-523 23 2011 Conversion from GT6 built in 1961–64; 501, 504 turned off; 502 scrapped in 2006; 512, 520 scrapped in 2013; 503, 507, 510, 517, 519, 523 sold to Helsinki (Finland);

506, 509, 511, 513-515 sold to Lodz (Poland); 505, 508, 521, 522 at the end of 2011, 516 and 518 at the beginning of 2019 sold to the Thuringian Forest Railway

GT6 1960/1963 1011-1018 8th for Rhein-Haardtbahn , 1977 to Ludwigshafen , 1014 1994 sold to Arad / Romania , 1017 reserve vehicle, 1015 parked, 1018 parked, the rest scrapped
GB6 1960/1963 1051-1058 8th for Rhein-Haardtbahn , 1977 to Ludwigshafen , 1054 1994 sold to Arad / Romania , 1057 reserve vehicle, 1055 and 1058 parked, the rest scrapped
GT12 1967 1019-1022 4th 2001-2009 for Rhein-Haardtbahn , parked at Ludwigshafen 1020 in 1977 ; 1019, 1021, 1022 scrapped
GT6 1964 1301, 1302 2 in operation 1301 conversion from HSB 215 (1997), grinding carriage;

1302 Conversion from HSB 217 (1997), grinding carriage

Mülheim an der Ruhr GT6 1958-1964 247-259 13 2001 253 and 254 conversion to GT8 263 and 264, 259 museum cars
Mönchengladbach GT6Z 1958/1959 31-39 9 1969 31–35 1968/69 to Aachen 1101–1105, 1974 to Geneva / Switzerland ; 795–799 1987 to Lille / France 301-303
36-39 1969 to Vestische tram 400-403, 401-403 1982 to Lille / France 392-394
Neuss GT6Z 1961 38-40 3 1971 1971 to Rheinbahn as 1281–1283, from 1978 conversion to ER 2701–2703, 2703 decommissioned after an accident in 1986 and sold to private customers, 2701 museum car on line D, 2702 1994 to Stettin / Poland
GT6 1964 41-43 3 1971 1971 on Rheinbahn 2621–2623, 1974 conversion to eight-axle 2766–2768, since 1983 2966–2968
OEG GT8Z 1966 82-89 8th partly still in operation 82 driving school cars, only in exceptional cases on line 5; the rest scrapped
GT8Z 1969 90-97 8th 2002-2010 scrapped
GT8Z 1973/1974 98-110 13 partly still in operation 102, 105 scrapped after accidents; 99, 101, 103-104, 106-109 scrapped; 98, 100, 110 in action
GT8Z 1988/1989 111-116 6th partly still in operation air-conditioned; 112 scrapped after an accident, others in use
Rhein-Haardt Railway GT6 1958 1123, 1124 2 1988 Scrapped 1992/1993
GB6 1958 1217, 1218 2 1988 Scrapped in 1992
Vestic tram GT6Z 1955-1958 369-391 23 1982/1983 384 1979, 388 1980 retired after an accident; Remainder sold to Lille / France in 1982
Wurzburg GT6 1968 231-240 10 partly still in operation pointed front, 1981 conversion to GT8; 236, 238 still in operation; 233–235 2006 according to Salzgitter; 231, 232, 237, 240 scrapped (11/2010); 239 parked
GT8 1975 241-248 8th partly still in operation pointed front; 243–246 still in operation; 241, 242, 247 scrapped (11/2010); 248 turned off
Wuppertal GT8 1960 8017-8022 6th 1987 sold to Graz / Austria

Type: T = railcar; B = sidecar; GT = articulated railcar; Digit = number of axes; Z (after number) = bidirectional trolley; without Z = equipment trolley.

List of licensed buildings

business Manufacturer design type Construction year designation number Retirement Remarks
Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft Rastatt wagon factory GT 6 1959 8-15
1982: 108-115		 8th partly by Timişoara leave 1961–1967 expanded to GT 8
Graz SGP / wages GT 6 1963-65 261-283 23 2013 Bogies with pivot bearing motors
innsbruck Lohner / ELIN GT 6 1966/1967 71-77 7th 2009
Linz Wages GT 6 1970/1971 61-67 7th 2003 1973–74 conversion to GT 8
Linz Wages GT 8 1970-1972 81-88 8th 2003
Linz Wages GT 8 1977 68-79 12 2009 1979/1980 conversion to GT 10
Vienna Wages GT 6 1959-1966 4401-4459 59 2007 Type E
Vienna SGP GT 6 1961/1962 4601-4630 30th 2002 Type E
Vienna Wages GT 6 1967-1976 4461-4560 100 still in operation Type E1, more powerfully motorized for sidecar use
Vienna SGP GT 6 1966-1976 4631-4868 237 still in operation Type E1, more powerfully motorized for sidecar use

See also

literature

  • K. Meschede, A. Reuther, J. Schöber. The classic DÜWAG articulated trolley. A tram success story from the Düsseldorf wagon factory . EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-88255-853-1 .

Web links

  • Lars Pohlmann: DÜWAG.de. Retrieved June 22, 2011 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Export hit Düwag in: Straßenbahn Magazin 9/2008, p. 36 ff.