VBK GT8-D
| GT8-D | |
|---|---|
 A GT8-D in 1991
|
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| Numbering: | 177-188, converted GT6-D: 174-176, 189-215 |
| Number: | 12 + 30 converted GT6-D |
| Manufacturer: | DWM / WU , BBC |
| Year of construction (s): | 1963-78 |
| Retirement: | 1986-2015 |
| Axis formula : | B'2'2'B ' |
| Type : | Eight-axle one-way articulated tram cars |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over coupling: | 27,148 mm |
| Length: | 26,008 mm |
| Height: | 3,191 mm |
| Width: | 2,373 mm |
| Trunnion Distance: | 6,000 / 6,713 / 6,000 mm |
| Bogie axle base: | 1,800 mm |
| Empty mass: | 29.67 t |
| Service mass: | 45.86 t |
| Top speed: | initially 60 km / h, later 70 km / h |
| Hourly output : | 2 × 150 kW |
| Acceleration: | 1.0 m / s² |
| Braking delay: | 1.2 m / s² |
| Wheel diameter: | 680/600 mm (new / worn) |
| Power system : | 750 volts direct current |
| Power transmission: | Overhead line |
| Number of traction motors: | two |
| Drive: | DC motor |
| Brake: | Self-excited resistance brake, compressed air spring brake, link magnet rail brake |
| Train heating: | electric |
| Control: | Cam switch, two vehicles converted to chopper control |
| Coupling type: | BSI compact coupling (only some vehicles) |
| Seats: | 69-70 |
| Standing room: | 150-179 |
| Floor height: | 900 mm |
The tramway railcars GT8-D of Verkehrsbetriebe Karlsruhe (VBK) are a series of 12 articulated trams that were delivered in 1969 by DWM and Waggon Union to VBK for use in the Karlsruhe tram network. By 1972 the articulated railcars completely replaced the two-axle vehicles of the Karlsruhe tram and formed the backbone of the operation until the delivery of the low-floor cars in the 1990s. The articulated multiple units were taken out of service from 1986 to 2015. Some vehicles were given to the Timișoara tram in Romania and the Minsk tram in Belarus . Despite their great resemblance to the Duewag standard car , it is not a license build .
technology
construction
The vehicles are three-part one-way articulated railcars. They have conventional bogies at the bow and stern, while the wagon parts are supported in the middle on Jakobs bogies and are connected to one another by articulated portals so that the vehicles can be walked on continuously. The car bodies are welded steel constructions and their shape is based on the design of the Düwag articulated railcars . The cars have 4 double folding doors of the Düwag design. The middle part is designed without doors.
The vehicles are driven by two DC motors each, which are installed in the first and last bogies. In contrast to the Düwag tandem drive , a differential was built in to compensate for differences in the wheel diameter. The drive power is 2 × 150 kW. The vehicles are equipped with a pantograph (single arm shear ). The vehicles can be braked with the resistance, compressed air spring-loaded and magnetic rail brakes.
Until the beginning of the 1970s, the vehicles had BSI compact couplings for taking sidecars with them, after that only coupling stubs on which an emergency coupling can be attached. In the 1980s, some vehicles were again equipped with BSI compact couplings for double traction operation.
The interior is designed for a long service life. The carriages have simple 2 + 1 row seating with tubular steel chairs and wooden seats and backrests. The driver's seat in the front of the vehicle is not separated from the passenger compartment; there is only a curtain to protect against privacy and glare. There is a shunting drive switch at the rear. Until the end of the 1960s, there was also a conductor's seat in the rear for the passenger flow procedure . After the introduction of one-man operation, this was removed and replaced by a control cabinet. For one-man operation, ticket validators were installed near the doors. Passenger information is provided by line number boxes at the front and rear of the vehicles, a target film display at the front and four side sign boxes. In recent years, the vehicles have been equipped for the computer-aided operations control system and some have been given a ticket machine.
Conversion to chopper control
In 1999, the 211 and 215 cars were extensively modified. The switchgear control was replaced by an electronic chopper control from Kiepe Elektric . Furthermore, the passenger compartment was modernized, the driver's seat was separated from the passenger compartment by a pane of glass and the seating was replaced by fabric upholstered seats. The type designation of these two vehicles has since been GT8-60C. The 60 stands for the maximum speed, the C for the retrofitted chopper control.
Painting
When they were delivered, the vehicles were already painted in the Karlsruhe city colors yellow with a wide red decorative line around the window below the windows. At the bow, the lower edge of the car body was decorated with an aluminum strip. This painting was slightly changed in the 1970s by adding a second, thin decorative line to the red decorative line and also painting the apron of the car body red. The aluminum trim strips were omitted and were replaced by steel bumpers, which were initially yellow and later red.
As a sign of the bond with the then divided city of Berlin , at the same time the place where the vehicles were manufactured, each car was christened a Berlin district. Outwardly, this was made clear by the Berlin bear and the name of the district, which were attached to the front right and rear right of the car body .
The cars had the following names:
| number | Surname | sector |
|---|---|---|
| 177 | Borsigwalde (Reinickendorf) | French |
| 178 | Grunewald (Wilmersdorf) | British |
| 179 | Dahlem (Zehlendorf) | American |
| 180 | Nikolassee (Zehlendorf) | American |
| 181 | Wannsee (Zehlendorf) | American |
| 182 | Lübars (Reinickendorf) | French |
| 183 | Waidmannslust (Reinickendorf) | French |
| 184 | Hermsdorf (Reinickendorf) | French |
| 185 | Frohnau (Reinickendorf) | French |
| 186 | Tegel (Reinickendorf) | French |
| 187 | Konradshöhe (Reinickendorf) | French |
| 188 | Heiligensee (Reinickendorf) | French |
For the names of the converted GT6-D see: GT6-D .
history
procurement
In order to renew the outdated vehicle fleet and increase the capacity in contrast to the GT6-EP (first delivery series) and GT6-D (second and third delivery series), the Karlsruhe transport company acquired eight-axle articulated multiple units from DWM (later Waggon-Union) in Berlin from 1969. The electrical equipment was supplied by BBC from Mannheim . Starting in 1975, six-axle vehicles that had already been delivered were extended by a middle section to form eight-axle vehicles.
| Delivery series | dare | Construction year | number | design type | Conversion from GT6-D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (3) | 174-176 | 1963-1964 | 3 | GT6-D | 1975 (only 175, 176), 1991 (174, with middle section ex 196) |
| 4th | 177-188 | 1969 | 12 | GT8-D | |
| (5) | 189-199 | 1969 | 11 | GT6-D | 1975 |
| (6) | 200-208 | 1972 | 9 | GT6-D | 1975 |
| (7) | 209-215 | 1978 | 7th | GT6-D | 1980 |
Mission history
The vehicles were initially used on the busiest line 1 (Durlach – Knielingen). With the delivery of further vehicles and the equipping of the line endpoints with reversible loops, the use was gradually extended to all lines. In contrast to the GT6-EP , the vehicles could not be used on the Albtalbahn and Hardtbahn due to a lack of approval according to the railway building and operating regulations. Therefore, their use on Line A was limited to the section between Rüppurr, Karlsruhe city center and Northwest City. After the last pre-war vehicles were taken out of service in 1972, the VBK articulated multiple units shared the Karlsruhe rail network only with the shorter GT6-EP and GT6-D , the four-axle T4 and T4-EP trains from the 1950s, and the articulated multiple units of the AVG.
From 1983, mixed double traction with the former articulated multiple units GT8-EP and GT8-EP (Waggon Union) of AVG were formed. The GT8-D could, however, only be used as leading vehicles in a double traction due to technical differences (directly controlled angular travel switches instead of electro-pneumatic control).
With the delivery of the type GT6-80C and GT8-80C light rail vehicles , the articulated railcars were initially replaced by Line A from 1983, and from 1987 also by Line 2. After delivery of the type GT6-70D / N and GT8-70D / N low-floor wagons from 1995, the area of application of the articulated multiple units continued to decrease. Since 2005 they only serve line 5 (Rintheim-Rheinhafen) and the school tram lines 16, 17 and 18 to the European School . On May 22, 2015, the wagons were on the road for the last time and were then retired. On line 5, use was limited to the western part of the line when the barrier-free conversion of the Rintheim line began, even after the conversion was completed on December 13, 2014, as the old trains were no longer allowed to stop at the elevated platforms. That's why the trams stopped at the old stops Karlstor-Nord and Mendelssohnplatz instead of Karlstor-Süd and Rüppurrer Tor. Line 5 was therefore divided into two sections between December 14, 2014 and May 22, 2015. Since the last day of operation on line 5, the remaining direct-controlled people have been running on the school tram lines and for driving school purposes. Currently only 213 and 215 are kept for these purposes.
Conversions
- 157 - Insertion of the middle part of 201 (1987).
- 155 was converted into a bicycle transport car. He got a higher Scharfenberg coupling and was painted white. The car could be coupled with the light rail cars GT6-80C and GT8-80C.
- 165–174 - Conversion to lead vehicle for multiple units with electro-pneumatically controlled cars (1985–86).
- 165–174 - Rear couplings for multiple units reassembled (1985–86).
- 174 - Insertion of the middle part from 196 (1991).
- 177 - Attachment of the B part from 151 (1986).
- 177–208 - Removal of the couplings.
- 177–208 - Bumper bars mounted on the front and rear.
- 186 - Extension of the B-part from 201 (1987).
- 208–215 - Installation of a computer-aided operations control system .
- 199, 202–203, 206–208, 209–215 - removal of fog lights.
- 208–215 - Installation of ticket machines next to the second door.
- 211 - Installation of chopper control by Kiepe Elektric and installation of new seating (2000).
- 214 - Extension of the B-part from 196 (1991).
- 215 - Installation of chopper control by Kiepe Elektric and installation of new seating (1999).
- The bi-directional work car 489 was built from the A-parts of cars 158 and 164. It has a higher Scharfenberg coupling to tow light rail vehicles and two pantographs, whereby the rear one is always used.
Retirement and levies
Karlsruhe
The decommissioning of the vehicles began in 1986. In 2014, only GT8-D of the sixth (202, 204, 206, 207) and seventh (209–211, 213–215) delivery series are in use in Karlsruhe. Railcar 174 was handed over to the Baden-Württemberg State Fire Brigade School in Bruchsal in 2000 . Railcar 188 has been preserved as a museum car as it was in the 1970s.
Car 199 has been parked since an accident on November 28, 2014. The following cars were scrapped: 177 B-part (1986, replaced by B-part from 151), 182 (2002), 184 (2004), 186 A-part (1987, replaced by A-part from 201), 189, 191 (2004), 193 (2011), 194 (2004), 195 (2011), 196 A-part (1991, B-part to 214, C-part to 174), 197 (2011), 198 (2014), 200 (2004), 201 B part (1987, A part to 186, C part to 157, new 201), 201 (2000), 202 (2018), 203 (2014), 204 (2015), 205 (2011 ), 207 (2018), 208 (2014), 209 (2018), 210 (2018), 211 (2018), 212 (2015), 214 B-Part (1991, replaced by B-Part from 196, scrapped in 2015) , 215 (2018).
Car 206 was handed over to the Hanover Tram Museum in 2015 .
Timișoara
A total of three wagons were handed over to Romania as follows, where they were used by the local transport company Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara until 2017:
- 109 (ex 175): 2000 to Timișoara
- 167 (ex 177): 2000 to Timișoara
- 174 (ex 176): 2000 to Timișoara
Minsk
In 2002 and 2003 ten cars were handed over to the Minsk tram, where they were switched to Russian broad gauge (1524 millimeters) and used until 2009. Nine of the Minsk vehicles have since been scrapped, the tenth car is used as a museum car.
The vehicles were handed in as follows:
- 2002: 178, 179, 180
- 2003: 181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 190, 192
gallery
Car 180 on the market square, 1989
GT8-D in Rappenwört, 1991
Car 204 in Oberreut Badeniaplatz, 1995
GT8-D on the market square, 1999
GT8-D on the market square, 1999
GT8-D in Kaiserstraße on Marktplatz, 1999
Car 207 at Kaiserplatz, between 1997 and 2005
Car 215 converted to the GT8-60C at Rondellplatz, 2009
literature
- Manfred Koch (Ed.): Under power. History of local public transport in Karlsruhe. Badenia Verlag, Karlsruhe 2000, ISBN 3-7617-0324-4 ( publications of the Karlsruhe City Archives 20).
- Dieter Höltge: Trams and light rail vehicles in Germany. Volume 6: Bathing. EK-Verlag, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1999, ISBN 3-88255-337-5 .
- Martin Pabst: Paperback German streetcar railcars. Volume 2: Electric multiple units 1931 - today. Franckh'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-440-05043-2 .
- Willi Diestelkamp: Standard articulated multiple unit of the Karlsruhe transport company. In: Local traffic practice. 3/1978, ISSN 0342-9849 .
Web links
- Meeting point for local rail transport in Karlsruhe: Vehicle fleet list trams - articulated multiple units conversion 8x D 3rd series
- Meeting point for local rail transport in Karlsruhe: list of trams - articulated multiple units 8x D 4th series
- Meeting point for local rail transport in Karlsruhe: Vehicle fleet list for trams - articulated multiple units conversion 8x D 5th series
- Meeting point for local rail transport in Karlsruhe: list of trams - articulated multiple units conversion 8x D 6th series
- Meeting point for local rail transport in Karlsruhe: Vehicle fleet list for trams - articulated multiple units conversion 8x D 7th series
Individual evidence
- ↑ Meeting point for local rail transport in Karlsruhe: Vehicle fleet list for trams - wagon number with the district or local part name of the articulated multiple unit. Meeting point for local rail transport in Karlsruhe eV, accessed on March 28, 2014 .
- ^ Tram atlas 2004 Romania
- ↑ 15 tram cars given away . In: der Weichenbengel - information brochure of the meeting point for rail transport Karlsruhe e. V., edition 4/00, pp. 40–43