War tram cars
| War tram car (KSW) | |
|---|---|
_tramway.jpg) In Vienna, the war tram cars were given the designation A, here A 10 with an older sidecar
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| Number: | 215 Tw, 368 Bw |
| Manufacturer: | Fuchs , Düwag , Siemens-Schuckert , BBC , AEG |
| Year of construction (s): | 1943-1950 |
| Axis formula : | Bo (Tw) , 2 (Bw) |
| Type : | two-axle bidirectional trolley |
| Gauge : | 1435/1000 mm |
| Length: | 10,400 mm (Tw) , 21,800 mm (with Bw) |
| Width: | 2163 mm |
| Bogie axle base: | 3,000 mm (Tw) , 3,000 mm (Bw) |
| Empty mass: | 10,300 kg (Tw) , 6,300 kg (Bw) , 22,500 kg (Ww) |
| Hourly output : | 120 kW |
| Impeller diameter: | 770 mm |
| Power transmission: | Overhead line |
| Number of traction motors: | 2 × 60 kW |
| Type of speed switch: | VNFB 3.85 |
| Seats: | 16 (Tw) , 16 (Bw) , 30 (Gw) |
| Standing room: | 68 (Tw) , 78 (Bw) , 154 (Gw) |
The Kriegsstraßenbahnwagen (KSW) is a type of tram unit. During the Second World War in 1942, due to an intervention by the Reich Ministry for Armaments and Ammunition, the construction of conventional trams was stopped. In order to cope with the increasing number of passengers and at the same time to cope with war losses, a greatly simplified type of wagon was designed under the direction of the Düsseldorfer Waggonfabrik , the manufacture of which required less material and which could transport more passengers with less comfort than the wagons designed in peacetime.
technology
The KSW were similar in length to the typical two-axle wagons built in the German Empire during peacetime. With 2.9 to 3.0 meters, the wheelbase was by no means unusual. By changing the room layout, an astonishingly large capacity of 89 seats could be achieved. This was made possible by making the interior space only about 4.3 meters long, the total length was 10.4 meters. The interior had three groups of four compartment-shaped seats, so there were six transverse seats on each side wall. Thus, although only twelve passengers could find a seat, 77 standing places were possible. The lack of internal partition walls favored the flow of passengers and made it possible to achieve acceptable stopping times at the stops despite the large number of seats . A wide sliding door on each side of the platform also made it possible to change passengers quickly.
The wagons were modernized frequently in later years. For example, low voltage systems, compressed air brakes , and in some cases even automatic doors were retrofitted. In the 1960s and 1970s, the railcars were partly used as sight card wagons without a conductor , while the sidecar was still manned by a conductor, but there were also sidecars without conductors with passenger self-service. A small part of the wagons was converted into articulated multiple units of various types in order to remedy the shortage of staff at that time.
In their original condition, the railcars had an empty weight of 10.4 tons, the sidecars a weight of 6.5 tons. As a rule, the KSW were supplied by the Fuchs Waggonfabrik in Heidelberg , the sidecars were built by the Uerdinger Waggonfabrik . Siemens-Schuckert (SSW) and BBC provided the electrical equipment . For this purpose, all railcars were each given two 60 kW peg bearing motors . The motor coaches and sidecars were each equipped with two magnetic rail brakes.
history
The war tram cars were intended to replace the numerous tram cars that were destroyed by fighting during the Second World War . These vehicles are equipped accordingly to save material, are simple and robust, with a few wooden seats . During the war, the tram companies in Munich , Danzig , Dresden , Duisburg , Frankfurt am Main , Katowice , Cologne , Vienna and Berlin ( prototype ) received the first series of these vehicles. Most of the vehicles, however, were built and delivered after World War II. The number of units amounts to 148 multiple units and 313 sidecars. These vehicles were delivered between 1946 and 1950. They were extremely spartan when they were delivered.
Today the KSW that are still in existence are used as museum vehicles by various companies, including the prototype that has been at home with the Woltersdorf tram since 1944 .
Polish variant of Konstal
After the war, the Polish rail vehicle manufacturer Konstal developed the standard car Konstal N (N for "Normalizowany" - standardized) from KSW with a 3.3 m wheelbase, also two 60 kW electric motors, but sliding windows and 16 seats (eight dos-a- dos wooden benches on each side). 1956–1962 the further developed type N1 with double sliding doors was produced in large numbers (approx. 750 multiple units and 950 sidecars) for various Polish companies, some of which were still in use there until the 1990s. From 1948 to 1962, Konstal produced a total of 1460 railcars and 1618 sidecars of this two-axle design for standard and meter gauge . Two N railcars are still running on line 38 of the tram in the Upper Silesian industrial area on an approximately 1.2 km long route between Bytom (Bytom) Kościół św. Trójcy and Bytom Powstańców Śląskich.
