Berlin-Wannsee
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Wannsee district of Berlin |
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 25 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 9 ′ 0 ″ E |
| height | Max. 103 m above sea level NN |
| surface | 23.68 km² |
| Residents | 10,334 (Dec 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 436 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation | Oct. 1, 1920 |
| Post Code | 14109 |
| District number | 0607 |
| Administrative district | Steglitz-Zehlendorf |
Wannsee is a district in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district of Berlin , which is located in the extreme southwest of the city.
The district, which is mostly located between lakes, is a popular excursion destination for many Berliners and tourists. The main area is an island . She can be reached today over five bridges: the Wannsee bridge Alsenbrücke that Hubertus bridge Park bridge and the Glienicke Bridge . A small part of this "Wannsee Island", the Klein Glienicke settlement , belongs to Potsdam .
The district includes the locations Heckeshorn , Krughorn , Albrechts Teerofen , Kohlhasenbrück and Steinstücke as well as the Pfaueninsel and the main town of Stolpe with the historic center of the district, as well as the former villa colonies Alsen and Wannsee.
location
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The westernmost point of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district and thus of Berlin is located in Wannsee .
The district to the north and west of the surrounding Havel , on the east by Lake Wannsee and to the south by a chain of lakes, Griebnitz Canal called, and the Griebnitzsee . The Griebnitz Canal with the most famous part of the lake, the Kleiner Wannsee , connects the Großer Wannsee with the Griebnitzsee, to which the Teltow Canal connects in the east . The western part of the Griebnitzsee is connected to the Havel by the Glienicker Lake , approximately at the level of the Glienicker Bridge. The Havel area west of Wannsee is characterized by the Jungfernsee , which extends further to the northwest.
Today the federal highway 1, running in east-west direction, runs through the middle of Wannsee, where today's settlement focus is located.
Wannsee is covered with forest in the north and west, which essentially makes up the area of the EU bird sanctuary Westlicher Düppeler Forst .
history
The oldest nucleus of the settlement is the small village of Stolpe (the area around Wilhelmplatz). It is of medieval origin. In the second half of the 19th century, the shores of the Großer Wannsee were also discovered and specifically developed as a place of residence for the wealthy bourgeoisie . The Wannseebahn was built specifically for this purpose and opened in 1874. Two villa colonies established themselves: the Wannsee colony (east bank) and the Alsen colony (west bank) became part of an attractive cultural landscape. In 1878/1879 the tram was built through the Grunewald to Wannsee. In 1898 the community of Wannsee was founded as an independent Prussian rural community, as a combination of the two villa colonies and the village of Stolpe. After it was incorporated into Greater Berlin in 1920, Wannsee belonged to the Zehlendorf district , and from 2001 to the newly formed Steglitz-Zehlendorf district . Wannsee is a part of the district to which, in addition to the former municipality, other locations belong (see above).
Overview
- 1299: first documentary mention of the village of Stolpe
- 1660: Construction of the first Glienicke bridge
- 1838: Opening of the first Prussian railway line, the Berlin-Potsdam Railway (BPE), from Berlin to Potsdam via Steglitz , Zehlendorf and Kohlhasenbrück
- 1869: Establishment of the Alsen villa colony
- 1874: Opening of the Wannseebahn
- 1879: Opening of the Wetzlarer Bahn from Charlottenburg to Wetzlar via Wannsee station and Steinstücke
- 1898: Stolpe and Alsen merge
- 1901: Opening of the Teltow Canal
- 1920: Wannsee is incorporated into the Zehlendorf district
- 1942: Wannsee Conference ( term coined after the Second World War ) in the former Villa Marlier, organized by the Nazis to plan the so-called " Final Solution to the Jewish Question "
- 1945–1990: Wannsee belongs to the American sector of Berlin
- 1961: Construction of the Berlin Wall , the Steinstücke settlement can only be reached with a pass; the Glienicke bridge is closed
- 1972: Territorial exchange between the Berlin Senate and the GDR ; Steinstück receives a country road to Kohlhasenbrück
- 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall ; the Glienicke Bridge will be opened to traffic again
- 1999: 700th anniversary of Stolpe
Worth seeing
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On the west bank of the Großer Wannsee ( Am Großen Wannsee 56/58) lies the villa in which the Wannsee Conference took place, at which the deportation and murder of European Jews was organized and planned. Today the house is a memorial and educational site. After the renovation of the Liebermann Villa , the summer house of the painter Max Liebermann was opened as a museum on April 30, 2006. In the further course of the street Am Großen Wannsee is the site of the former Reich Air Defense School of the architect Eduard Jobst Siedler (1938/1939). On a plateau on the lakeshore near Heckeshorn, where the Alsen colony merges into the Düppel forest, there is a zinc copy of the Idstedt lion from 1874, restored in 2005 .
The listed bathing beach Wannsee , probably the largest inland water bath in Europe , is located on the eastern shore of the Großer Wannsee . However, it does not belong to the Wannsee district, but to the Nikolassee district .
In the center of the village of Stolpe is the church on Stölpchensee , built in 1858/1859 according to plans by Schinkel student Friedrich August Stüler , as well as the oldest building in Wannsee, which has been open as the Wannsee Gallery since 1980.
The Kleist grave is located on the east bank of the Kleiner Wannsee . The graves of the physicist Hermann von Helmholtz , the physician Ferdinand Sauerbruch and the Nobel laureate in chemistry, Emil Fischer, can be found in the New Cemetery . The architect Hans Poelzig and the cab driver Gustav Hartmann are buried in the old Wannsee cemetery in Friedenstrasse . The latter became famous as "Iron Gustav" during his protest trip to Paris in 1928 against the decline of the cab trade.
North of Bundesstraße 1 is the second highest tower in Berlin, the Berlin-Schäferberg telecommunications tower .
Castles and Gardens
In Wannsee, part of the cultural landscape, UNESCO World Heritage, Palaces and Gardens of Potsdam and Berlin is located .
Klein-Glienicke Park
In the west there are two castles, the Glienicke Castle and the Glienicke Hunting Lodge , which are located in the Klein-Glienicke Park .
If you cross the park bridge in Klein Glienicke, you can already see the Potsdam Babelsberg Palace with another park.
Peacock Island
On the Pfaueninsel is Pfaueninsel Palace , a pleasure palace in romantic ruin architecture , that of Frederick William II. In the 18th century as a common refuge for him and his mistress , the Countess Lichtenau was commissioned.
The castle is surrounded by an English landscape park that covers the entire island.
Nikolskoe
Near the Pfaueninsel is the church of St. Peter and Paul on Nikolskoe , consisting of the eponymous log cabin with ancillary building, the church, the former royal free school and the Pfaueninsel cemetery.
The surrounding forest is a registered garden monument. Nikolskoe was on the occasion of a state visit by the Prussian Princess Charlotte , the daughter of the then reigning King Friedrich Wilhelm III. with her husband, the Russian prince Nikolai , who later became the tsar, and was named after the prince (Nikolskoe = belonging to Nikolai).
There is still a restaurant in the log cabin today.
- Castles and Gardens
Glienicke Castle
Glienicke hunting lodge
Pfaueninsel Castle
Nikolskoe (historical illustration)
Villa colonies Alsen and Wannsee
From 1870 onwards, a cultural landscape emerged in Wannsee that was unparalleled in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic . Many magnificent villas were built at this time, of which only a few remain today.
When the age of industrialization began, many Berliners moved from the center to the outskirts. At that time, the area around the village of Stolpe was still largely uninhabited. In 1863 Wilhelm Conrad , a nature lover, successful banker and director of the Berlin trading company, acquired the Stimmings Krug inn . Through acquisitions, he expanded his land holdings to 320 acres in the following years . In 1870 Conrad had the restaurant torn down and the Villa Alsen built on the same site. This villa was the starting signal for the further settlement and establishment of the Colonie Alsen .
Wilhelm Conrad imagined a total work of art of villas, based on the model of the newest Berlin villa colonies , but located in a park landscape, surrounded by the water of the Havel lakes. The Peter Joseph Lenné student and Berlin horticultural director Gustav Meyer was commissioned to work out a plan. In this the center of the colony was arranged as a hippodrome , through which the Königstrasse was led in the longitudinal axis. Conrad knew his trade and found buyers for numerous parcels, none of which was smaller than a Prussian acre (180 square rods = 2553 m²). Only two years after he moved into Villa Alsen, 64 settlers were already living in twelve new villas in the colony.
From 1874, settlement began along the eastern bank of the Großer Wannsee. Prince Friedrich-Karl , the owner of the parcel, sold them to the petroleum lamp manufacturers Ernst Wild and Friedrich Wilhelm Wessel, among others. The villas that were built in the Wannsee villa colony were mostly even larger than those in the Alsen colony opposite.
In order to attract additional audiences for settlement in the colonies, an effective infrastructure had to be created. In 1874, after strong resistance, but at the will of Conrad, a rail connection between Berlin and Wannsee was established. In addition, the train then went all the way to Potsdam. In the vernacular of Berlin , the newly created Wannseebahn was also called the Wahnsinnsbahn auf Conrad or banker 's train. With it, the travel time from downtown Berlin to the colony was reduced to just 20 minutes.
In 1898 the community of Wannsee emerged from the village of Stolpe , the Alsen colony and the Wannsee colony. In the course of the formation of Greater Berlin in 1920, the community was assigned to the Zehlendorf district .
More Attractions
- Idstedt lion
- Liebermann Villa
- House of the Wannsee Conference (former Villa Marlier), Am Großen Wannsee 56–58
- Heinrich von Kleist's grave
- Steinstücke helipad
- Siemens Villa , today: Immanuel Hospital
- Villa of the Nobel Prize winner Emil Fischer
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The transport connections include the long-distance and S-Bahn station Wannsee , the federal motorway 115 , which as AVUS has a past as a racing track further into town, also the Königstrasse to the Glienicke Bridge , which connects Berlin and Potsdam as federal road 1 , and as a picturesque alternative to the AVUS , the winding Havelchaussee along the banks of the Havel. The BVG operates a ferry connection across the Wannsee to Kladow . There are also various bus connections to the city center and the Brandenburg area.
Sports
Wannsee has its own golf course , which was founded in 1895. In addition to 21 sailing and ten rowing clubs, there is a football club, the FV Wannsee, and the TuS Wannsee, a senior sports and judo club . Since March 2012, the headquarters of the Society for International Water Tourism e. V. , which is primarily intended to sensitize foreign Berlin tourists to the water tourism offer. There is also a riding stables at the former Don Bosco home with the ReitTherapieZentrum Berlin . In addition, there are various swimming, especially the neighboring district -in Nikolassee location - Wannsee beach and the large bathing area on the Alter Hof.
Research and education
Berlin's only nuclear reactor, the Berlin experimental reactor, is located in Wannsee . It is located on the premises of the Helmholtz Center for Materials and Energy and is used exclusively for research purposes.
In the hunting lodge Glienicke , the Social Pedagogical Training Institute Berlin-Brandenburg (SFBB). his seat.
In the district there are two primary schools, a special school and a grammar school.
Waters
- Havel waters west of the Berlin Forest
- Waters in the east
- Großer Wannsee ( location )
- Owl break ( location )
- Heckeshorn am Großer Wannsee ( location )
- Waters in the south
- Kleiner Wannsee ( location )
- Tatar pond and Tatar ditch ( location ) with drainage to the Kleiner Wannsee
- Pohlesee ( location )
- Griebnitzseekanal between Pohle and Stölpchensee ( Lage ) and also as the Prince Friedrich Leopold Canal from Stölpchensee to Griebnitzsee ( Lage )
- Stölpchensee ( location )
- Teltow Canal ( location )
- Griebnitzsee ( location )
- Glienicker Lake ( location )
Personalities
- Philipp Franck , painter, lived in Philipp-Franck-Weg, which was later named after him
- Götz George , actor, grew up in Wannsee
- Otto Erich Hartleben , playwright, poet and narrator
- Gustav Hartmann , cab driver, known as Iron Gustav , lived on Alsenstrasse from 1900 to 1938
- Max Liebermann , painter and important representative of impressionism and the Berlin Secession
- Rosemarie Reichwein , Bobath therapist
- Theodor Rosenhauer , painter, died here in 1996
- Arthur Scherbius , inventor and entrepreneur, lived in Wannsee from 1924 to 1929
- Heinz Schröder , social democratic resistance fighter
- Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg , resistance fighter from July 20, 1944, lived at Tristanstrasse 8-10
- Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg , resistance fighter from July 20, 1944, lived temporarily with his brother Berthold at Tristanstrasse 8-10
- Wolfgang Immenhausen , actor, gallery owner and expert for the Berlin Secession
See also
- List of streets and squares in Berlin-Wannsee
- List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Wannsee
- List of cinemas in Berlin-Wannsee
- List of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Wannsee
literature
- Theseus Bappert, Wolfgang Immenhausen , Sabine Schneider (Hrsg.): A Wannsee picture book. Edition Galerie Mutter Fourage , Berlin 1992.
- Hinnerk Dreppenstedt, Klaus Esche (Ed.): All of Berlin. Walks through the capital. 3. Edition. Nicolai, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-89479-139-X .
- Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Volume 5: Five locks . "Dreilinden" - Dreilinden's surroundings.
- Villa colonies in Wannsee 1870–1945. Upper bourgeois world and place of the Wannsee Conference. House of the Wannsee Conference (ed.), Hentrich, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89468-260-4 ( publications of the Memorial and Educational Site House of the Wannsee Conference 8).
- Ingo Krüger : Country houses and villas in Berlin + Potsdam. Volume 2: Little Wannsee. Aschenbeck & Holstein, Delmenhorst u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-932292-57-X .
- Ingo Krüger: Country houses & villas in Berlin + Potsdam. Volume 3: Great Wannsee. Alsen Colony. Villa Liebermann. Aschenbeck & Holstein, Bremen 2009, ISBN 978-3-932292-77-4 .
- Michael Stoffregen-Büller : Bank views. Stories about the Wannsee . Nicolai Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-89479-879-6 .
- Christoph Voigt: Old and new from Stimmings Krug. In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins 49, 1932, ZDB -ID 3615-8 , pp. 50–54.
- Karl Wolff: Wannsee and the surrounding area. Klein-Glienicke's palaces and park. Peacock Island. Nikolskoe. Past u. Present. 7th edition. Elwert and Meurer, Berlin 1978.
