Stolpe (Wannsee)

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Stolpe town center with the church at Stölpchensee

Stolpe is the core of the Wannsee district of Berlin's Steglitz-Zehlendorf district . Older names were Stolpeken or Wendisch-Stolpe . According to Theodor Fontane, it is said to be the oldest village on the Teltow that still exists today .

history

Town center with church
Memorial plaque on Wilhelmplatz 1 in Berlin-Wannsee

Slavs, etymology, episcopal property

Around between 750 and 1000 AD, Slavs immigrated to the Havelland and the south-western Teltow and probably founded a round or dead-end village called Stolp in the Heveller rulership . The Slavic word stolp (= 'Pfahl', 'Pfosten') has been preserved in many place names in the Mark Brandenburg meaning “settlement fortified with stakes”. According to the Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, the village of Stolpe was first mentioned in a document in 1299 as Slauicum stolp ('Slavic Stolpe'). In the land book of Charles IV of 1375, the place is recorded as Stolp or Stolpiken .

Shortly before 1200, German settlers came to the southwest of Teltow. In this first phase of settlement, German newcomers and Slavs settled together in villages founded by Slavs. The Slavs were involved in the new development of the country (see the nearby museum village of Düppel ). As a result of the conquest of the Havelland by the Ascanians , the Wendish population of Stolpes was Christianized and gradually integrated into the emerging German new line of Brandenburg . In 1299 at the latest (document), the Margrave of Brandenburg granted the Diocese of Brandenburg the use of Stolpe as a fief ("Angefalls"). Until the Reformation , Stolpe was owned by the Bishop of Brandenburg . Stolpe only had a small village church, probably made of half-timbered houses; when it was built is unknown; probably only towards the end of the Middle Ages . In 1854 it was demolished because it was in disrepair.

As a Slavic cul-de-sac village , Stolpe was very small; in the land book of Charles IV. 1375 Stolpe is recorded with only 16 hooves , including three Schulzenhufen . The new plan forms such as Angerdörfer and street villages , which were established by the German newcomers in the second settlement phase from around 1220 , had a district size of around 40 to 60 Hufen, z. B. Zehlendorf with 50 hooves, including four parish hooves. The low number of hooves suggests that fishing was a more important source of income than growing grain. In 1450 Stolpe had 25 hooves, two of which were desolate . These 25 or 23 hooves were distributed over nine Hüfner and one Kossaten around 1550 . In 1576, Stolpe was expanded to include Wendisch- Stahnsdorf and Neuendorf , so that it now had three field marks with a total of 50 hooves.

Development since the Thirty Years War

The Thirty Years' War left profound damage. Before 1618, nine peasant communities were registered for Stolpe. After 1648 there were only cottages , to which the used land was not given as property until 1765. From 1792 to 1795, the Chaussee that passed Stolpe was expanded into a stone path, from which today's Königstraße emerged. This contributed significantly to the development of the village. In 1797 a brick factory was built. In 1860 Wilhelm Conrad started a settlement project in the area around the village, from which the Alsen villa colony developed.

In 1898 the merger of Stolpe, the Colonie Alsen and Nikolskoe with the new place name Wannsee took place . In 1920 the community was incorporated into the Greater Berlin City Association and became part of the Zehlendorf administrative district .

In May 1945, the last days of the Second World War , the village was fought over for several days because of its island location, so that there are still traces of war on the church, among other things. In the old cemetery there are 900 war graves of the dead from this final battle.

The Helmholtz Center Berlin is located on the western outskirts of Stolpe .

church

Church at the Stölpchensee

Until the 15th century, the village on the Stölpchensee named after him did not have its own church. After the church bell stopped working in 1848, this original Stolper village church was demolished in 1854 because it was dilapidated. With financial donations from Friedrich Wilhelm IV , the church at Stölpchensee was built in 1859 for 15,000  thalers according to plans by Friedrich August Stüler . The Prussian Queen Elisabeth took over the sponsorship for the new organ. At that time the village had 225 inhabitants.

Personalities of the place

literature

  • Anneliese Swarzenski: The church on Stölpchensee. History and stories. Wannsee 2009.

Web links

Commons : Stolpe (Berlin)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Theodor Fontane : The Church of Stolpe. In: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg in 8 volumes , volume 5 five castles . Edited by Gotthard Erler u. Rudolf Mingau, Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1997, p. 408, ISBN 978-3-7466-5703-5
  2. ↑ Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis , main part 1, vol. 11, p. 205. According to: Gerhard Schlimpert: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, part 3, Die Ortnames des Teltow , Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972, p. 177.
  3. ↑ Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, Part 3, Die Ortnames des Teltow , Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972, p. 177 f.

Coordinates: 52 ° 24 ′ 45 ″  N , 13 ° 8 ′ 29 ″  E