Neuendorf near Potsdam

Coordinates: 52 ° 23 '  N , 13 ° 5'  E Neuendorf (formerly Neuendorf near Potsdam ) is a location in Babelsberg , a district of Potsdam . The village ,first mentioned in 1375,wasincorporated into Nowawes in1907and helped develop it further. The village center remained visible in the cityscape.

The Neuendorfer Anger with the octagonal, around the turn of the millennium rebuilt Old Neuendorfer Church; Photograph from February 2013

geography

→ Main articles : Potsdam - geography  and Teltow - geography

Geographical location

Neuendorf im Teltow is in the landscape . It was completely absorbed in Babelsberg . However, the original village center can be clearly seen in the streets of Neuendorfer Angers .

Surface shape

In terms of natural space, the former village center uses the northwesternmost branch of the Teltow - Platte . He already engages in the Nuthe - lowland out. Accordingly, Neuendorf used to be surrounded by rivers on three sides .

history

→ Main article : History of the city of Potsdam

middle Ages

Neuendorf was created at an unknown point in time as part of the Deutsche Ostsiedlung , during the state development of the Mark Brandenburg . The collected finds consisted of blue-gray fragments of the early German period, with the exception of a single late Slavic one. The chosen form of settlement of the winder , access from the northeast, interpreted the settlement research as a settlement plan. There was also the self-explanatory place name , which referred to a completely newly founded village. It could not be ruled out that small, Elbe Slavic settlements were combined in it.

The noble family, later handed down as village lords , first appeared in the neighboring municipality to the south . In 1284 Heinrich von der Groeben issued a certificate . She held his anus leaning from the Lehnin monastery with the Drewitz er Heide . Nuthe down shortly before Havel muzzle was grinding on the district Neuendorf the hook mill . A mill dam dammed the river for them. The Hakendamm crossed several river arms, some of which were created by it, while the Nuthe looked for a new mouth further west.

The connection to the other bank of the Havel, to Flecken Potsdam, was made by the wooden [Lange] bridge mentioned in 1317 . The hook mill ( hook mole ) left the first written message in 1349. At that time the fake Waldemar sold them to the von Torgau brothers . Those and Theirs were among the Groeben to märk pean nobility - the Castle SAT . The latter arrived before 1373 to the havelländ ical island Potsdam ( insula Postdamp ). The castle of the same was reported to land book of Emperor Charles IV. Of 1375 in the hand of the Margrave of Brandenburg . Their accessories included the Nuthewald well into the 14th century as an electoral hunting ground and timber supplier.

The village rested near the river . The above Urbar of 1375 it witnessed first documented. In the village register of Teltow it said:

“Nyendorff sunt 9 mansi. Quilibet dat ¹ ⁄ ₂  chorum siliginis et ¹ ⁄ ₂  chorum avene et 2 pullos Henningho de Gro̊ben moranti in castro Bůten, qui eciam habet iudicium supremum a patre suo. Curie cossatorum sunt 5, quelibet dat 2 solidos et 2 pullos eidem Henningo de Groben. Taberna non have. Eciam non recordantur dominum marchionem ibi aliquid habuisse. "

- Johannes Schultze (Ed.): The Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg from 1375

There are 9 hooves in Neuendorf  . Each gives ¹ ⁄ ₂  Wispel rye and ¹ ⁄ ₂  Wispel oats and 2  chickens Henning von der Groeben, who lives in Castle Beuthen , also has a higher court from his father. There are 5  farms , each giving 2  shillings and 2 chickens to the same Henning von der Groeben. Has no mug . Meanwhile, do not remember that Herr Margrave had something there.

In a temporal comparison, part of the hoof land was missing . Later years (1450, 1480) reported 11 hooves, 2 of which were desolate . This situation probably already existed in 1375. The aforementioned landlord of Neuendorf raised in 5 other villages. The castle vogtei Beuthen, administered from the castle upstream from Nuthen , belonged to his brother Heinrich von der Groeben. That included the woods to the right of the river from Thyrow to Hookmill. The long bridge near the watermill has now replaced a ferry . The appropriate right was leased for 5  pounds Brandenburg pfennig .

Frederick I restored public order in the margraviate , first as administrator from 1411, then as elector from 1415 . In 1414 his henchman Hans von Torgau besieged Beuthen Castle, which was defended by a henchman of Johann von Quitzow , Götz von Predöhl. After the other Quitzow castles Friesack and Plaue fell , Götz von Predöhl surrendered the castle to Beuthen without a fight. In the land peace of Tangermünde of March 20, 1414, the Quitzows lost all their possessions and pledges, including the Beuthen Castle (and thus Potsdam and Neuendorf?). In 1416 Friedrich I. awarded Castle Beuthen to Peter von Bredow , the guardian of von Schlabrendorf , children of his daughter, for 1,500  Bohemian groschen , but reserved the redemption.

In 1422 Neuendorf (and Potsdam) was owned by the margrave, because in that year Friedrich I. Neuendorf and the Hakenmühle sold Bohemian groschen to the Cologne citizen Heinrich Gleinik (Glienicke) and his wife Katharina Danewitz for 105  shock . The sale included the equals , pensions and accessories, i.e. H. the upper court, the compulsory labor of the farmers and the taxes in the amount of 5 shock and 24 Bohemian groschen, 40 chickens, 3  quarters of poppy seeds and 140 eggs, which were to be delivered to the village lord every year on St. Martin's Day (November 11). But the farmers had the right to fish in the Nuthe as far as the Neue Burg (near Drewitz) , as they had done from ancient times. They were taken in the forest on the right bank of Nuthe wood, reed cutting and Zeidlerei operate.

In 1426 Friedrich I sold the palace, town and office of Potsdam to the von Lattorf family for repurchase. He allowed the buyers to redeem Neuendorf and Heinrich Glienicke's Hakemühle again. This also seems to have happened, because Neuendorf was included in further pledges of Potsdam and the Potsdam Office. In 1450 Neuendorf belonged again to the Vogtei Potsdam. 2 hooves lay desolate, the other 9 hooves each gave 1 ¹ ⁄ ₂  shock [groschen]. One Kossät had to  deliver a ¹ ⁄ ₂ bushel of poppy seeds and 6 chickens, the other four Kossat together gave 12 Groschen. In 1449 Friedrich II awarded 6 shock groschen from the Neuendorfer dues as personal items for the wife of his chamber master Georg von Waldenfels .

Modern times

Neuendorf near Potsdam and Nowawes on the original table sheet from 1835

In 1589 there were six farmers and eleven kossas living in the village. In addition to these two peasant classes, a shepherd and a couple of housekeepers were named as residents in 1624 . The Thirty Years War also left its mark on Neuendorf, albeit less badly than anywhere else in the vicinity. In 1654 Neuendorf already had a Schulzen again , four farmers (two farms were desolate) and six cottages. In 1678 a glassworks was built on Hakendamm by the Hakenmühle . In 1700 it was modernized and administered by the office in the absence of a tenant. In 1736 it was moved to Zechlinerhütte . In 1711 there were six farmers, ten kossäts, a shepherd and four pairs of housekeepers in Neuendorf. In 1745 a jug outside the village was first recorded.

In 1750, on part of the Neuendorf district , the construction of the spinner village Nowawes began , which just a few years later surpassed Neuendorf in terms of population. In 1801 23 fireplaces were counted in Neuendorf. In 1840 there were 31 residential buildings, including a cardboard factory among the farm buildings. After that, the place grew rapidly. In 1860 there were already 16 mines, i.e. H. Settlements outside the village center. 3 public buildings, 59 residential buildings and 76 farm buildings were counted, including 4 windmills , 1 steam machine spinning mill and a cloth factory with fulling and finishing . In 1900 the place comprised 340 houses with over 4,000 inhabitants, Nowawes had already passed the 10,000 inhabitant mark before 1900. Both joined together in 1907 to form a community. This ended the independent history of Neuendorf, and the name also disappeared as an independent administrative unit.

Population development

year	1624	1734	1772	1801	1817	1840	1858	1895
Residents	approx. 80-90	131	133	146	121	230	640	4139

Receipt:

Buildings

→ Main article : List of sights in Potsdam

The clay half-timbered houses with thatched roof were only replaced by massive stone houses around 1850.

• The Neuendorf village church was built in 1585 on the village of Anger as a half-timbered building. Replaced him 1898-1899, designed by Ludwig von Tiedemann the novelty e Bethlehem Church . A three-part chime made of cast steel bells cast by the Bochum Association was installed in its tower . An inventory list of the foundry contains the following information: the ensemble of bells with clapper, bearing, axes and chime lever cost 2,269 marks to manufacture  . In the Second World War by bombing raids drawn heavily affected, the remains were blown up in 1952 and eliminated. Bricks in the lawn of the Neuendorfer Angers mark the floor plan of the missing church.

Bell plan

size	Chime	Weight (kg)	lower diameter (mm)	Height (mm)	inscription
greatest	total	859.5	1260	1120	unknown
middle	b	409.5	0960	0865	unknown
smallest	c	297	0890	0800	unknown

• The Old Neuendorfer Church was built between 1850 and 1852 south of the village church. Christian Heinrich Ziller created an octagonal brick building based on the example of the Sankt Gereon Church in Cologne . After severe damage in the Second World War, it was rebuilt in 1999–2007.

religion

The Neuendorfer were churched in Potsdam . For this they gave the local pastor the bushel grain , a total of 11  bushels of rye, i.e. 1 bushel per hoof . The church, built in 1585, was looked after by Sankt Nikolai zu Potsdam as a subsidiary church , as expressly noted in 1700 and 1860. The Potsdam Office , later the Treasury, held the patronage . In 1871 Neuendorfer itself became the mother church within the superintendent of Potsdam I. In 1932 the parish merged with that of Nowawes .

Personalities

• Friedrich Lützow (1881–1964), Vice Admiral in World War II, ship commander and military writer
• Egon Eiermann (1904–1970), born in Neuendorf, German architect, furniture designer and university professor, is considered one of the most important architects of post-war modernism in Germany

literature

• Dresden office (editing), Gerhard Engelmann (participation): Potsdam and its surroundings. Results of the local history inventory (= German Academy of Sciences [Hrsg.]: Values ​​of the German homeland . Publications of the commission for local history research . Volume 15). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1969, DNB 457837845 .
• Lieselott Enders (editing), Margot Beck (collaboration): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Teltow. With an overview map in the appendix (= Friedrich Beck [Hrsg.]: Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg . Part IV; Publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 13). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976, DNB 770698638 (gives a reprint from 2011).
• Ernst Fidicin : History of the district of Teltow and the cities, manors, villages etc. located in it (= The territories of the Mark Brandenburg or history of the individual districts, cities, manors and villages in the same as a continuation of the Landbuch Kaiser Karl IV. Volume I contains : I. the district of Teltow, II. The district of Nieder-Barnim). 4 volumes, published by I. Guttentag, Berlin 1857, DNB 740396897 .
• Joachim Hermann: The prehistoric ramparts of Greater Berlin and the Potsdam district (= writings of the section for prehistory and early history . Volume 9). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960, DNB 451977416 , pp. 1–229.
• Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburg name book. The place names of Teltow (= HH Bielfeld, Gerhard Schlimpert, T. Witkowski in the field of linguistic history of the Central Institute for Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR [Hrsg.]: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch . Part 3; Berlin contributions to name research . Volume 3). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, DNB 720138094 .
• Johannes Schultze (Hrsg.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg of 1375 (= Brandenburg land books . Volume 2; publications of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin . Volume VIII, 2). Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fdigital.ub.uni-potsdam.de%2Fcontent%2Fpageview%2F214528~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D in Potsdam University Library ).
• Wilhelm Spatz: The Teltow. Part 3: History of the localities in the Teltow district (= Der Teltow ). 3 volumes, Rohde, Berlin 1912, DNB 994840608 .
• Förderkreis Böhmisches Dorf Nowawes and Neuendorf (ed.), Almuth Püschel (editor): Neuendorf-Nowawes-Babelsberg, stations of a district. 3rd edition, Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 2008, ISBN 978-3-89570-653-0 .

Web links

Commons : Neuendorf near Potsdam  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Gerd W. Lutze (author), Lars Albrecht, Joachim Kiesel, Martin Trippmacher (landscape visualization): Natural spaces and landscapes in Brandenburg and Berlin. Structure, genesis and use . Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-95410-030-9 , Mittelbrandenburgische Platten and Niederungen. Subdivision, pp. 62–68.
2. ^ ^{A b c} Dresden office: Potsdam and its surroundings . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1969, E 2 Babelsberg, district of Potsdam. b) Neuendorf, pp. 127-129.
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Eberhard Bohm: Teltow and Barnim. Investigations into the constitutional history and state structure of Brandenburg landscapes in the Middle Ages . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 1978, ISBN 3-412-03878-4 V. Castles and Vogteien. 2. Beuthen, pp. 62-73, here pp. 65-66.
4. ↑ Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery. 1180-1542 . 1st edition, Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2000. ISBN 978-3-931836-45-0 , D Relations with secular and spiritual powers. V Lehnin and the nobility. 2 opponents. Footnote 111, p. 105.
5. ↑ ^{a b} Dresden office: Potsdam and its surroundings . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1969, J 2 Nutheniederung, pp. 170–173, here p. 170.
6. ↑ ^{a b} Dresden office: Potsdam and its surroundings . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1969, A 1 Potsdam. 8. Potsdam suburbs, palaces and gardens. c) Suburbs south of Sanssouci Park. Teltower suburb with suburban settlements in the Nuthetal, pp. 93–95.
7. ^ ^{A b} Peter-Michael Hahn : History of Potsdam from the beginnings to the present . Verlag C. H. Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-50351-9 , The Beginnings: Kiez and Burgsiedlung, Land- und Amtsstadt, pp. 9–17, Lange Brücke: p. 10; Ferry: p. 11; Little town: p. 12.
8. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Riedel's Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis. 1. main part. 11th volume . In: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis . Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers . 41 volumes, G. Reimer, Berlin 1856, V. The Margrave Waldemar, the Dukes Rudolph and Otto of Saxony and the Princes Albrecht and Woldemar of Anhalt give Boto and Friedrich von Torgow one of the Gröbenschen Hof zu Grubow, the Kietz near Potsdam and Money withdrawals from the city, such as Stahnsdorf and the Hakenmühle, on May 12, 1349, pp. 155–156.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, description of the Mark Brandenburg 1373, pp. 1–5, here p. 3.
10. ↑ Joachim Stephan: The Brandenburg nobility in the late Middle Ages . In: Clemens Bergstedt, Heinz-Dieter Heimann , Knut Kiesant, Peter Knüvener, Mario Müller, Kurt Winkler (eds.): In dialogue with robber barons and beautiful Madonnas. The Mark Brandenburg in the late Middle Ages . 1st edition, Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-118-1 , The new noble upper class: die Schlossgesessenen, pp. 298–299.
11. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, [Die Burgen]. De castris super obula. Postamp, pp. 41-42.
12. ↑ Lieselott Enders: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Havelland . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, Neuendorf near Potsdam. 4. First written mention, p. 200.
13. ↑ ^{a b} Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Teltow. Nyendorff, pp. 89-90.
14. ↑ Lieselott Enders: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Havelland . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, Neuendorf near Potsdam. 7. Economic and social structure, pp. 200–201.
15. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, [Dorfregister], pp. 76–411, Henning von der Groeben: Neuendorf bei Potsdam, pp. 89–90; Wegendorf p. 111; Biesdorf near Berlin pp. 120–121; Blankenfelde near Berlin p. 123; Temple field p. 138; Niebede p. 178.
16. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Czucha. Postamp, pp. 200-201, Ibidem transfretum habent consules, ibidem locatum per 4 talentis denariorum .: p. 201, lines 2-1 of Postamp from below.
17. ↑ Lieselott Enders: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Havelland . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, Neuendorf near Potsdam. 10. Population numbers, p. 201 (from 1734 to 1895, 1840 with Babelsberg, 1858 without Babelsberg).
18. ↑ ^{a b} compilation of the bells delivered to Berlin and the surrounding area ; Bochum Association, around 1900. In the archive of the Köpenick Church of St. Josef, viewed on August 6, 2019.
19. ^ The reconstruction 1999–2007. Friends of the Old Neuendorfer Church and Neuendorfer Anger e. V.