Bredow (noble family)

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The coat of arms of the von Bredow

Bredow is the name of an old Middle Mark aristocratic family with the parent house of the same name Bredow (today part of Brieselang , Havelland district , Brandenburg ), which was first mentioned in a document in 1251 with Arnoldus de Bredow, miles and landlord on Bredow, and with which the direct family line begins.

history

prehistory

In Kneschkes new general German nobility-Lexicon of 1860-70 it says about the legendary origins of the family: "From the Netherlands came the same sex at an early time in the brands, according to some at the time of K. Henry I , of the family of Conquering the Wends in 929 moved to the Marche, but not until 1150 after Angelus, where it was Bredau, also Bredow. Margrave Albrecht der Bär gave the family the town of Friesack in the Mittelmark when he drove the Wends around the Elbe, and the family built Bredau Castle, Bredow, which was in their hands as early as 1208. "

Early history

Joachim I. (1441–1507), Bishop of Brandenburg, woodcut in the missal of the Brandenburg diocese around 1480

In 1335, with the acquisition of the small country Friesack , the von Bredow became one of the most influential and noble noble families of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, despite their probably only ordinary knightly origin. The description of the state of the Mark Brandenburg from 1373 counted them among the people of the castle .

To the reconstruction of the castle Ziesar to finance expenses incurred, the bishop sold Dietrich IV. Hans von Bredow to Friesack in April 1460 for 4,000 guilders the country Lowenberg .

After a Treaty of 1522 Bredows possessed in Löwenberger Land on Lowenberg with the castle Lowenberg (since 1460-1788), Hoppenrade with the castle Hoppenrade , Badingen with the festivities house, mountain village , Green Mountain , Großmutz , Schrabsdorf , Mildenberg and Zabelsdorf and the desert Field marks Osterne, Lanke, Kerkow and Neuendorf . In 1529 Liebenberg was added to the property. Zabelsdorf and Osterne were sold to Elector Joachim II in 1536, and Badingen a year later. Liebenberg Castle was sold to the Klevesche von und zu Hertefeld family in 1652 . 1788, the remaining goods were in Loewenberger Land, including the castles Lowenberg and Hoppenrade, under considerable inheritance disputes to the family of Arnstedt over, by the by Theodor Fontane as the herb daughter in his book Five castles described scandalous Charlotte of herb , verehlichte of Arnstedt .

In the Stargardisches Land the von Bredow sat on Eichenhorst and Prillwiz, in the Havelland on Markau and Schwanebeck . In the registration book of the Dobbertin monastery there are five entries by daughters of the von Bredow families from Eichhorst and Prilwitz from the years 1749–1794 for inclusion in the local aristocratic women's foundation . Wilhelmine von Bredow from Eichhorst had been a conventual in Dobbertin Monastery as No. 720 since 1848 , where she died on August 20, 1864. Her coat of arms with the star of the order is on the nun gallery in the monastery church .

Family branches

“Over time, the family split into two main lines: Bredow-Friesack and Bredow-Bredow. The first begins with Hasso around 1369 and branched off into several subsidiary lines: it now consists of the counts' line in Prussia and the houses in Wagenitz and Landin . The main line Bredow-Bredow began with Joachim at the end of the 16th century, and from it links turned to Bohemia, from which the Counts of Breda arose. This line was divided into the Bredow, Senzke and Hage branches and the Cremmen and Rheinsberg houses . "

Bredow-Bredow

The place Bredow (part of Brieselang ) was first mentioned in 1208. In 1309, Margrave Woldemar awarded the village of Bredow to the Vogt Matthias von Bredow (zu Rathenow ) for 206 marks of silver, except for six Hufen that belonged to a Herr von Broesigke .

The Bredow, Senzke and Haage estates (the manor house there was demolished in 1987) remained in the possession of the respective branches until 1945.

Senzke

Senzke mansion

Senzke's roots as a fiefdom of Friesack Castle go back to 1250. Senzke was first mentioned in 1331. The Lords of Jerichow were the first owners of Senzke as part of the little country Friesack. In 1335 the Bredows became feudal lords of the castle and the little country Friesack. In 1399, however, the Bredows lost the country again. In 1427 Hasso II von Bredow became the new feudal lord in the small country Friesack. In 1587, Lippold von Bredow was awarded Senzke.

Counts of Breda

Imperial baron on February 18, 1634 in Vienna and Bohemian incolation in the gentry on November 17, 1636 for Johann Rudolf von Breda (also Johann Ludolf and Bredaw), imperial chamberlain and colonel over 1,000 cuirassiers . Imperial Count on May 4, 1674 in Vienna with Bohemian Count confirmation on August 29, 1674 in Vienna for his son, Imperial Lieutenant Colonel Christoph Rudolph Freiherr von Bredaw.

Karl Joachim von Bredau bought the Bohemian goods Tachlowitz with Nutschitz and Hostiwitz in 1696 and in 1697 the Roth-Augezd estate and later other goods and united them to form the Tachlowitz rule. His heirs sold the rule to Anna Maria Franziska von Sachsen-Lauenburg in 1732 .

Count of Bredau

Imperial Count status on July 1, 1744, Prussian Count status confirmation on January 22, 1746 and Imperial Count status confirmation on October 18, 1746 for Ernst Wilhelm Freiherr von Bredau (1709–1755), Imperial Real Councilor , Royal Prussian State Minister and cloakroom master of the Royal House.

Bredow-Friesack

"The von Bredow, Friesacksche Linie, still owned the following goods in the 19th century:"

  1. "The count's line: Friesack, Vorwerk Dem, Wutzetz, Antheil Vietznitz, Carolinenhof, Kleessen, Görne, Diete, Antheil Lochow and Liepe."
  2. "The Wagnitzsche house: Wagnitz, Vietznitz, Briesen, Braedikow, Bernhardinenhof, Mankmus, and accessories, Grimme in Anhaltschen and Antheil Friesack."
  3. "The Landin House: Landin, Kriele, Stechow, Lochow, Zapel, Lasslich, Rambow and accessories."

Sub-lines of the Friesacker line

Count Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm von Bredow (1763-1820), lord of Friesack, Kleßen, Liepe, Görne, Dicke and the Vorwerk Damm, is extensively honored in Theodor Fontane's walks through the Mark Brandenburg . He and his wife had seventeen children, nine boys and eight girls, some of whom died as children. The careers of some are briefly presented here, the others only mentioned. With the death of Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm von Bredow, the Friesack line of von Bredow branches again.

Counts of Görner
Görne manor

The second son Friedrich Gebhard Heinrich Ludwig Graf von Bredow (* July 27, 1789 in Kleßen; † September 20, 1864 in Görne) went in the Bredow tradition to the military to the Leib-Kürassier-Regiment Großer Kurfürst (Silesian) No. 1 and took participated in the Wars of Liberation , including the Battle of Großgörschen in 1813 . He was the heir to Gut Görne with its Vorwerke Lochow and Dikte. On September 16, 1823 he married Louise Sophie Auguste Wilhelmine Krug von Nidda in Parey (born September 5, 1804 in Parey, † March 7, 1827 in Görne). From this relationship two sons emerged: The youngest son Oskar Friedrich Wilhelm von Bredow (born April 3, 1826 in Görne, † January 5, 1895 in Dikte) lived withdrawn in Dikte. The eldest son, Judge of Appeal Otto Friedrich Ludwig Karl Ferdinand August von Bredow (born September 30, 1824 in Görne, † April 20, 1894 ibid), who took over his father's inheritance, married Adele Elise von Gansauge on August 8, 1852 in Görne ( * December 12, 1830 in Posen; † October 24, 1885 in Görne). From this marriage a daughter and three sons were born, including Wilkin Friedrich Otto von Bredow (born January 8, 1855 in Görne). Wilkin Friedrich Otto von Bredow married Margaretha Henriette Klara von Vangerow (born July 27, 1866 in Schönebeck) on October 7, 1886 in Schönebeck and had three children with her (a daughter and two sons). The first born was Joachim von Bredow (1889–1947). He had to leave Görne in 1945. The second son was Sigismund Friedrich Wilkin Otto Graf von Bredow (born July 4, 1890 in Magdeburg ), the father of the writer Ilse Countess von Bredow (1922-2014) and her sister Freifrau Josepha von Zedlitz, born von Bredow (* 1920), who married Christoph von Zedlitz in 1944 and returned to the Bredower Görner Vorwerk Lochow after the fall of the Wall.

Thus Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm von Bredow, described by Theodor Fontane and robbed by Murat , would be the great-great-great-grandfather of the writer Ilse Gräfin von Bredow.

Lieper Count

The Liepe manor (today part of Nennhausen ) was first named in 1353 as "Lyp"; from 1375 it was owned by the von Lochow and from 1427 by the von Bredow.

The third son of the above-mentioned Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm Graf von Bredow , Oberbergrat Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm Graf von Bredow (1790-1852), is considered the founder of the youngest Lieper branch of the von Bredow family. Contrary to tradition, he did not become a soldier, but a mountain assessor . During the war of liberation he was a volunteer hunter and was injured in Nancy in 1814 in the hospital. After the war he returned to his homeland. On April 2, 1818, he married Louise Erdmann in Eisleben (born June 21, 1792 in Eisleben; † March 22, 1860 in Liepe). After his father's death in 1820, he inherited Kleßen, but exchanged it for Liepe. In 1836 it was named Bergrat and in 1847 Oberbergrat. His eldest son (born February 25, 1819 in Weittin, † October 20, 1886 in Berlin, Kaiserin-Augusta-Hospital ), who bore the name of his grandfather Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm , was a Portenser who began legal training after school. He broke this off after the death of his father and took over the Liepe estate. With his younger brother Ludwig Friedrich Otto von Bredow (1825–1877), later a district administrator of the West Havelland district, he built the Bredow house in Liepe between 1854 and 1855, which he shared with his mother and a sister Louise Wilhelmine Charlotte von Bredow from 1855 ( * October 24, 1827 in Wettin; † October 16, 1865 in Liepe). In 1872 there was a big fire in Liepe, which also scratched the walls of the church and the house. Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm was considered a bachelor (at least died childless), author of the family history and builder of today's Lieper Church, construction of which began around 1880. Around 1890 the family transferred the property to a family foundation, the income of which was divided among the male members of the family. The Lieper manor house built in 1855 no longer exists.

Friesacker counts
The Burg Friesack the time of the Thirty Years' War
Manor house Friesack I (around 1900)

The Burg Friesack is said to have existed even when the Bear Albrecht in 1150 came into the marrow. Margrave Ludwig the Elder owed the Bredows, who had lived in the Nauen area since 1250 , around 300,000 euros in today's monetary value. He paid off this debt in 1335 by enfeoffing the Bredows with the castle, town and country Friesack as well as with the Zootzen (an extensive, higher fertile parcel north of Friesack). In 1399, Margrave Jobst of Moravia conquered the castle because the Bredows had sided with the Archbishop of Magdeburg, an opponent of the Elector. In 1409 Dietrich von Quitzow acquired the castle, which subsequently degenerated into a robbery. As a reward for the overthrow of the robber barons in the area - including some Bredow - Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Nürnberg was enfeoffed with the Mark Brandenburg and thus, as Friedrich I, the first Hohenzoller in the Mark. After Quitzow 's time, the castle, the town and the little country returned to the possession of the von Bredow family, who thought it more advisable to stay with the margrave. Towards the end of the 15th century, twelve independent family members of the Bredows lived there. The many inheritance divisions resulted in increasingly complicated relationships. The Bredows lived in the castle grounds until the middle of the 19th century. To 1808 Friesack here was the manorial subject. The castle has burned down and rebuilt several times over the years. Instead of the castle, the Bredows then built mansions, called Friesack I and Friesack II, which were either demolished or destroyed by fire in GDR times.

Karl Georg Gebhard von Bredow (born November 28, 1791 in Kleßen; † July 12, 1864), the heir to Friesack, was the youngest son of Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm von Bredow. Before he assumed his inheritance, however, he joined the Guard Artillery of the Prussian Army in 1811. In 1812 he moved to the 3rd Cuirassier Regiment (Brandenburgisches) in Rathenow, with whom he took part in the War of Liberation . In 1821, one year after his father's death, he took his leave as Rittmeister in order to take up his paternal inheritance. In the same year, on October 7, 1821, he married Elisabeth Johanne Emilie von Kaphengst in Rathenow (born June 16, 1797 in Rathenow; † September 26, 1857 there). After the last major fire in Friesack in 1841, which destroyed 15 Friesack houses and the associated stables and barns, the church in the castle area and the farmyard of the count's manor, Karl Georg Gebhard von Bredow had the castle grounds cleared and relocated the entire farm in front of the City on the road to Kleßen and Görne. There he also had a new mansion built; it burned down in 1948. He took the measures, although the old mansion I was spared the fire, it was gradually converted into a farm building. Under the destroyed church on the castle grounds was the Bredow crypt, which had not been used for a long time and which survived the fire. Karl Georg Gebhard von Bredow had it opened and the bones of the captain of the Mark Brandenburg Hasso von Bredow were found. Then the crypt was finally filled in.

Theodor Fontane wrote: “His remains were buried in the castle church in Friesack. This is where they found themselves when the old church was demolished in 1841 as a result of the fire that took place at the time and the undamaged crypt under the church was opened on the occasion. A stone slab with the inscription Hasso von Bredow and the year 1438 covered the grave. In addition to the inscription, there was also the outline of a knight on the stone slab. The tomb itself is narrow and vaulted. In it lay a man over six feet tall, with a two-handed knight's sword beside him. This two-handed knight's sword was added to the weapons collection in Wagenitz, the tombstone was lost, and the crypt itself was filled in. On that day a Brandenburg knight's face spoke again to the world, which had seen the Quitzow Days and played a political role during the same. "

Karl Georg Gebhard von Bredow had a son and a daughter. Both were married with children of Karl Georg Gebhard von Bredows, brother of Kleßen's heir Ferdinand Friedrich Karl von Bredow and his wife Karoline Charlotte Louise Sophie von Bredow. As the von Bredow team, at that time they liked to stay among their peers, after all Karl Friedrich Emil Ferdinand married Hermann von Bredow (born September 12, 1822 in Friesack; † February 7, 1893 ibid) after the death of his wife and cousin Karoline Auguste Mathilde Wilhelmine von Bredow (born October 23, 1826 in Kleßen; † October 8, 1856 in Friesack; ⚭ June 1, 1845 in Kleßen) another von Bredow. However, this came from the Landin branch of those von Bredow. From the second marriage (October 25, 1866 in Stechow) with Bertha Wilhelmine Augusta von Bredow (born April 1, 1844 in Brandenburg an der Havel) a son was born, from the first marriage Karl Friedrich Emil Ferdinand Hermann von Bredow already had eight Children. He fathered another child named Otto while his first wife was slipping away with the maid Caroline Sidow, who was financially compensated shortly before the second marriage - unusual for the time - and moved with her son to Brandenburg an der Havel. His eldest son Karl Hasso Ferdinand Emil von Bredow (born April 10, 1846 in Rathenow) was next to Major General Friedrich Wilhelm Adalbert von Bredow another Bredow who took part in the Battle of Vionville and fell on August 16, 1870.

Karl Georg Gebhard von Bredow's daughter Emilie Karoline Wilhelmine Louise Klara von Bredow (born January 30, 1824 in Friesack; † February 25, 1875 there) married her cousin Karl Friedrich Wilhelm August Hasso von Bredow (born 28. April 1824 in Kleßen; † June 1, 1885 in Friesack). They had a daughter.

Kleßen Count
Kleßen manor house

Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm von Bredow's son Ferdinand Friedrich Karl von Bredow (born November 3, 1795 in Kleßen; † May 14, 1857 ibid) took over the legacy of Gut Kleßen , which he had exchanged with his brother, the Oberbergrat Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm von Bredow . Ferdinand Friedrich Karl von Bredow married Karoline Charlotte Louise von Bredow (* April 10, 1802 in Grimme , † December 4, 1844 in Berlin) from the Wagenitz family on April 10, 1823 in Wagenitz. That members of the von Bredow family kept to themselves and married each other seems to have been a tradition that their children continued. Eventually two of her children get married to Bredows from the Friesacker branch. Before Ferdinand Friedrich Karl von Bredow married and had children, he and his brother Karl Georg Gebhard von Bredow took part in the Wars of Liberation with the 3rd Cuirassier Regiment (Brandenburgisches). Ferdinand Friedrich Karl von Bredow was considered a good farmer who brought the estate up. Ferdinand Friedrich Karl von Bredow and Karoline Charlotte Louise von Bredow had nine children; the youngest son Alfred Georg Hans von Bredow (born September 9, 1836 in Kleßen; † April 26, 1895 ibid) became heir to Gut Kleßen and continued his father's work as a farmer and improved a lot - he had nine children. The actual heir, however, was to be the eldest son Karl Friedrich Wilhelm August Hasso von Bredow, who married his Friesacker cousin. On November 23, 1846, Ferdinand Friedrich Karl von Bredow married his second wife Mathilde Karoline Sophie von Wenckstern (born December 22, 1810 in Berlin; † July 8, 1894 in Bethesda) in Berlin. From this marriage a daughter was born. She married a Herr von Jagow from the 3rd Guard Uhlan Regiment .

Wagenitz
Wagenitz Castle around 1860,
Alexander Duncker collection

Wagenitz came to the Bredows in 1335 with the little country Friesack ; they remained landlords there until 1945. The castle, one of the most magnificent in the Havelland, burned to the ground at the end of the war in 1945 for an unknown reason.

Landin

In 1353, today's district of Land in the municipality of Kotzen (Havelland) was first mentioned in a document as owned by the von Bredow family.

More offspring

Boys
  • The eldest son Philipp Friedrich Karl Wilhelm von Bredow (born March 3, 1787 in Kleßen; † January 7, 1851 in Sandau ) was married to Maria Dorothea Felchow (* 1799; † January 14, 1864 in Sandau) and took part in the 3. Hussars participated in the war of liberation.
  • Gebhard Friedrich Wilhelm von Bredow (born January 23, 1793 in Kleßen, † May 26, 1866 in Potsdam )
  • August Friedrich Karl von Bredow (born November 22, 1799 in Berlin, † July 20, 1873 in Damm )
  • Theodor Ludwig Julius von Bredow (* October 8, 1805 in Kleßen, † May 10, 1821 in Brandenburg an der Havel)
  • Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich Edmund von Bredow (born February 28, 1801 in Kleßen; † March 27, 1813 ibid)
girl
  • Florine Karoline Philippine von Bredow (born January 29, 1786 in Kleßen, † July 2, 1836 in Berlin)
  • Friedericke Christiane Louise von Bredow (* July 16, 1788 in Kleßen; † September 10, 1788 ibid)
  • Karoline Juliane Friedericke von Bredow (* May 16, 1794 in Kleßen; † September 11, 1846 in Görne) ⚭ December 26, 1822 in Kleßen Friedrich Karl Rudolf von Pannwitz († September 8, 1863 in Potsdam)
  • Amalie Friedericke Karoline von Bredow (born January 5, 1797 in Berlin, † December 16, 1871 in Görne)
  • Adelhaid Friedericke Sophie von Bredow (born January 10, 1800 in Kleßen; † December 27, 1800 ibid)
  • Friedericke Albertine Juliane von Bredow (born March 13, 1802 in Kleßen; † November 24, 1802 ibid)
  • Charlotte Dorothea Wilhelmine von Bredow (born March 13, 1802 in Kleßen, † October 3, 1868)
  • NN (* / † 1803 in Kleßen)

The family was granted the right to present the Prussian mansion on July 7, 1855 .

The former villages of Buch and French Buchholz , which now belong to Berlin, were at times wholly or partially owned by this family.

A well-known mocking verse about some of the most important aristocratic families in Brandenburg was:

The Putlitz the most oily.

The Rochows the tallest.

The Itzenplitz the heaviest.

The Bredows the majority.

family members

coat of arms

Blazon of the family coat of arms : “In silver, a red climbing hook with three golden cross rungs. On the red and silver puffed helmet with the same blankets a growing gold-armored silver ibex . "

The coat of arms with the red ladder is identical to that of Ramin . According to Kneschke, there is also a tribal relationship between the two sexes.

Coat of arms gallery

"The family had a red climbing hook in their coat of arms, which, as it were, symbolizes their ascent into the first row of the Brandenburg nobility."

The heraldic image of the three-branched scaling ladder is still part of coats of arms in Havelland and the Czech Republic . So from the following communities and districts:

literature

swell

Specialist literature

Fiction

Willibald Alexis : Herr von Bredow's trousers. Patriotic novel. Adolf, Berlin, 1846

Web links

Votive painting of Johann Wilhelm von Bredow with his wife Barbara von Görne and their children (1667)
Commons : Bredow  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 2, p. 38, Friedrich Voigt, Leipzig 1860.
  2. Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, description of the Mark Brandenburg 1373, pp. 1–5.
  3. a b Jörn Lehmann: Sold to the nobility. In: Oranienburger Generalanzeiger. 4th October 2007.
  4. Gerd Heinrich (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 10: Berlin and Brandenburg. With Neumark and Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 311). 3rd, revised and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-520-31103-8 , p. 146.
  5. ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Preussisches Adels-Lexicon . Volume 1, Gebrüder Reichenbach, Leipzig, p. 307.
  6. ^ Theodor Fontane : The little country Friesack and the Bredows - Walks through the Mark Brandenburg , construction, Berlin 2005, p. 221, ISBN 3-7466-5707-5
  7. ^ Report on the return of those von Bredow to the Mark. Blog of Taz . August 29, 2006.
  8. ^ Theodor Fontane : The little country Friesack and the Bredows. In: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . (Extension). Structure of Taschenbuch Verlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-7466-5707-5 , pp. 224-229.
  9. ^ Theodor Fontane : The little country Friesack and the Bredows. In: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . (Extension). Structure of Taschenbuch Verlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-7466-5707-5 , pp. 200–201.
  10. ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Preussisches Adels-Lexicon . First volume, p. 304, Reichenbach Brothers, Leipzig 1836.
  11. a b Karla Lindt: Red climbing hook in the coat of arms. In: Berliner Zeitung . October 15, 1994.
  12. ^ The municipality of Haage (Website Amt Friesack) ( Memento from March 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ^ Theodor Fontane : The little country Friesack and the Bredows. In: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . (Extension), Structure of Taschenbuch Verlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-7466-5707-5 , p. 292.
  14. Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: New General German Adels Lexicon , Volume 7, Page 332
  15. GHdA -Adelslexikon Volume 2, Page 85, Volume 58 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1974. - Description of the coat of arms: In silver, a red climbing hook with three golden cross rungs. On the helmet with red and silver covers a growing gold-armed silver ibex .
  16. Description of the coat of arms: In the silver field, the coat of arms contains a simple red, left-facing climbing tree and three yellow or gold-colored rungs on both sides. On the gold-crowned helmet is a left-facing white growing ibex with a red tongue, golden claws and horns. The helmet cover is red and silver.
  17. crest description Löwenberger Land: "In gold, sprinkled with black stars sign red Dreienberg growing a red-reinforced, -gezungter and -gekrönter doppeltgeschwänzter black lion with a red ladder with three crossbars between the front paws." Main statutes, § 3, paragraph 2 (PDF; 78 kB)
  18. Description of the coat of arms Brieselang: "The Brieselang coat of arms shows on a blue wave shield base, covered with the coat of arms of Bredow - in silver a red climbing tree with three cross rungs, in silver two birches with a natural trunk, green crown and green catkins." Main statute, § 2, Paragraph 1 (PDF)