Friesack
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Coordinates: 52 ° 44 ' N , 12 ° 35' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Havelland | |
| Office : | Friesack | |
| Height : | 35 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 84.01 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 2524 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 30 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 14662 | |
| Area code : | 033235 | |
| License plate : | HVL, NAU, RN | |
| Community key : | 12 0 63 088 | |
| City structure: | 2 districts | |
City administration address : |
Marktstrasse 22 14662 Friesack |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Christoph Köpernick | |
| Location of the city of Friesack in the Havelland district | ||
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Friesack is an official city in the Havelland district in the state of Brandenburg . It is administered by the Friesack Office.
geography
Friesack is located on the Old Rhin between the Rhink Canal and the Havelland main canal, about 60 kilometers west-northwest of Berlin . The city lies between the cities of Rathenow , Nauen , Kyritz and Neuruppin . The urban area is part of the Zootzen forest . Apart from the fields, the area is rich in water, swampy and wooded.
City structure
Districts of the city are
The following are designated as living spaces: At the train station, Am Rhinkanal, Am Schafstall, Briesen , Briesener Zootzen, Damm, Fliederhorst , Friesacker Zootzen, Karolinenhof, Klessener Zootzen and Wutzetzer Mühle.
The previously independent communities Wutzetz and Zootzen have been part of the city of Friesack since December 31, 2002.
history
legend
“The devil once held an inspection on earth and put all the nobles who no longer wanted to do good in a big sack, put it on their backs and flew merrily to hell with it. As it is now over the town of Friesack, the sack brushes a little hard against the top of the church tower, so that a hole is torn in and a whole company of nobles, probably a quarter of the sack's inhabitants, fall out without the devil noticing. But those were the gentlemen von Bredow, who were not a little glad to have escaped the devil's claws for this time. As a souvenir, they named the city where the sack got the hole and freed them, Frie-Sack, and from here they spread over the whole of Havelland, where, as is well known, they own a large number of manors. They also gave them their names, mostly according to the direction of the road they took; The eldest of the brothers who stayed in Friesack said to the second: "gå beß (better) go," he called the place where he settled, Beßhin, which later became Peßin; a third went inland from Friesack, which lies on the edge of the mighty Havelland lynx, which is why he called his settlement "Land in" or Landin; a fourth went along the same path as the second, and built Selbelang; a fifth went from there to the right (right too) and built Retzow, a sixth finally named his village after his own name Bredow. ”( Kuhn, Adalbert: Märkische Sagen und Märchen . Berlin 1843 )
Former castle
religion
In the years 1538–1539, when the Hohenzollerns converted to Evangelical Lutheran doctrine , Friesack and the whole country also became Evangelical.
After Catholic workers had settled in Friesack, the first Holy Mass after the Reformation was held in Friesack in 1852 by missionary vicar Eduard Müller . From 1878 the Catholic services took place in the Rosary Chapel. From 1927 to 1935 Albert Willimsky , who perished in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp on February 22, 1940, was pastor in Friesack; in 1927 the parsonage was built. Since 2004 the Catholic parish of Friesack belongs to the parish of St. Peter and Paul in Nauen . Due to structural defects in the Rosary Chapel, the Catholic services have been taking place in the parish hall of the rectory at Berliner Allee 9 since 2010. In 2015, on the initiative of the deo iuvante Freisack e. V. (= with God's help) renamed the side street at the Rosenkranzkapelle as Pfarrer-Albert-Willimsky-Weg and a memorial plaque was unveiled.
City fires
Fires, the “red rooster”, often raged in Friesack. In 1616 the place received extensive statutes as a result , which imposed rules of conduct on the citizens to avoid fire. These can be found today in the Friesack local history museum. Nevertheless, in 1619 the town and the castle, which was rebuilt between 1560 and 1588, were almost completely destroyed by fire.
In the first half of the 19th century it was forbidden to build barns in the village due to the risk of fire . Instead, an uninterrupted row of barns was built on the outskirts of the city along today's Thiemannstrasse. But it kept burning. Larger fires raged in 1800, 1825, 1841 and 1945.
After the great fire of 1841, which also affected the castle grounds but spared the manor house (Friesack I), Karl Georg GF von Bredow built a new manor house on the road to Klessen in order to avoid the risk of fire as much as possible. This house burned down in 1948 as a result of arson, possibly to cover up a burglary. Many historical objects from the historical museum that had been outsourced were destroyed with the house. The Second World War initially only destroyed the church, which was soon to be rebuilt, and a few buildings. About a third of the city was only destroyed when the occupiers were set on fire. Even today there are therefore some vacant lots, e.g. B. on Berliner Strasse.
Wars, kings and emperors
Friesack also suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War . In 1635 the place was looted for days. In 1638 the Swedes besieged the castle, which was defended by the imperial rulers under General Gallas, but had to be handed over to food after the run out.
The efforts of Friedrich Wilhelm I and Frederick the Great in the 18th century to reclaim and colonize the Havelland and the Rhinluches were again of great importance . During this time the Rhinkanal and the Havelländische Hauptkanal were built. After the victory of the Napoleonic armies over the Prussian armies in the battle of Jena and Auerstedt and the peace of Tilsit , French soldiers were billeted in Friesack in 1807 and 1808. The inhabitants had to provide horses and wagons as well as provisions.
With the construction of the Berlin – Hamburg road in 1829 (roughly today's B5), Friesack experienced an economic boom, which, however, declined again in 1846 with the construction of the railway. Friesack fared much better as a garrison town from 1860 to 1886 . The Zieten - Hussars did their riding exercises on the steep slopes of the current open-air stage. In 1885 the prince and field marshal Friedrich Karl Nikolaus of Prussia accepted a parade. In his honor, a memorial was inaugurated there in 1899.
On October 13, 1894, Kaiser Wilhelm II inaugurated the monument to Elector Friedrich I, who conquered Quitzow Castle. The three meter high bronze statue was taken down during the Second World War and was supposed to be melted down for war purposes. This no longer happened, but it was used in the GDR era to produce small spare parts for agricultural machinery. A replica was set up in 2012.
Craft
Special branches of industry were peat extraction and the wooden canteen trade . Of course there was also agriculture, general handicrafts for everyday items and a certain amount of service industry. In 1939 14 inns, 15 grocery and general goods stores, 8 bakeries, 5 butcher shops, 3 blacksmiths, 4 men's tailors, 2 watchmakers, 3 saddlers and 5 shoemakers etc. a. recorded.
There were only a few smaller companies as a result of industrialization. There were two brick factories, a brewery was founded in 1889 and the dairy was founded in 1920. In 1925 a sawmill and an oatmeal factory were added. From 1854 to 1945 the city had its own local newspaper. The first print shop owner was Gustav Goldsche. Today the Friesacker Quitzow-Kurier, which appears four times a year, informs about the local events.
Club life
The rifle guild was founded in 1830 . In 1897 the Beautification Association u. a. to the task of planting the paths and squares with lilac . This resulted in the annual Lilac Festival. The gymnastics and sports club was founded in 1884. a. with a field handball team - and a soccer team. There were also several singing, theater, women and "warriors" associations. A bathing establishment on the Rhin and a bathhouse with bathtubs were also part of the leisure activities. It was used as a garbage dump after 1945. It is to be feared that ammunition and worse can still be dug up there.
Gymnastics and table tennis were played in the former “Swiss Hall”, today's disco. The Friesacker Carnival Society has been delighting people since 1953. There is also a tennis club , two fishing clubs, a small animal breeders club, a beekeeping club and a rural women’s club. The interest group “Die Pumpenfreunde” ensured that a pump was installed on the market square in 1997 . Since then, the Pump Festival has been celebrated every year in July. Musically, the ecumenical church choir rehearsing in the Catholic rectory is well known. Some car and motorcycle clubs are also active. Since 2010 the association deo iuvante Friesack e. V. is active and tries to preserve the former Rosary Chapel and the memory of Pastor Albert Willimsky, who died on February 22, 1940 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp .
School system
The surprisingly high number of educational and school facilities in this area is probably one of the main reasons why this place is not becoming increasingly dilapidated, but has a future opportunity. A school is mentioned as early as 1541. A girls' school was added after 1600. Both schools were on the castle grounds. In 1832 the city school was relocated to Berliner Straße. Until 1971 it served as a polytechnic high school , until 1990 as a special school. Today the building is used as a shelter for the homeless.
On February 10, 1971 the newly built school on Sonnenweg was inaugurated. Today, after extensive modernization, the cooperation school is a gem of the city.
The engineering school for agricultural technology emerged from the FDJ country tractors' school from 1950. The Havelland Upper School Center for theoretical vocational training has been located there since 1992 . The inter-company training center for the construction industry of the state of Berlin-Brandenburg is located on the former site of the company vocational school of the amelioration combine Potsdam. “Rural Adult Education” is responsible for training, further education and training.
Friesack at the time of the GDR
As a result of the land reform of September 2, 1945, poor farmers, farm workers, refugees and displaced persons received free arable land, pasture land and forest after the previous owners had been expropriated and driven out. Large companies were nationalized, new facilities and companies were created, such as B. the major project "Milchader für Berlin" of the FDJ in the Havel and Rhinluch. The forced collectivization of agriculture began in the 1950s. Many Friesack families fled to the Federal Republic of Germany . The ACZ , melioration , forestry, beverage production, sawmill and district construction company were located in the city. On June 17, 1953, the construction workers demonstrated together with the population of Friesack against the state coercive measures. Some people were arrested, which resulted in further emigration of Friesackers to the west.
Between around 1949 and 1956, the petrol station on the Berlin-Hamburg inter-zone road (then F 5, now B 5) was set up as a loading point for high-proof spirits intended for smuggling into the FRG. With the brandy, which was hidden barrel by barrel between the cargo on trucks used in interzone traffic or filled into smuggled containers (e.g. prepared truck tires), the economy of the Federal Republic was to be damaged by its illegal sale, because the West German tax authorities lost per hectolitre Brandy more than 1,000 DM income, while the GDR came into possession of hard currency (DM or US dollars).
Wreath-laying in front of the Soviet memorial on the market square, 1969
Move to the 20th anniversary celebration in 1969; in the background the consumer department store on Berliner Strasse
Friesack after the turn
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The fire station was expanded after the adjacent gas system was torn down (1996) and the gasometer (1999).
The renovation of the market square was completed in 2000. A row of shops was built next to it on Berliner Straße, most of which is currently unlet. In contrast to the past, there is now a strong tendency to get everyday items in shopping centers, such as the Havelpark Dallgow located on the B 5 outside Berlin . Although the city does not attract enough buyer potential for smaller shops, it represents a local shopping center for the surrounding area in the grocery sector. Otherwise the high density of grocery stores that can be found there cannot be explained. As meager as the offer is mostly, you will find a lot more than in the area.
The expansion of the railway line for ICE operation that took place in 2004 also resulted in some structural changes at Friesack, such as the construction of a bridge for the Hamburger Straße to Zootzen .
A relic of the partly problematic ownership structure resulting from the dissolution of the GDR is the former “Zum Stern” hotel on Berliner Straße. The once beautiful house is currently in a neglected condition. Usage concepts have so far failed, and the house has now been demolished.
The city currently tends to give the impression of a tripartite population. First of all, the long-time residents, who mainly shape the townscape in the town center and are largely made up of older people. You live both in elaborately restored old pieces of jewelery and in ailing, dilapidated houses that create a medieval alley. In the case of newly immigrated families, who populate the newly formed city districts and have more children, the cityscape ranges from prefabricated buildings to beautiful single-family houses. The third part of the population is made up of students and trainees who are only temporarily staying in the city. This results in a thoroughly peaceful coexistence, whereby this population component seems to counteract a complete decline of the place into insignificance. But in contrast to the normal development of a city, whose offspring is provided by its own population, the students have little influence on the cityscape. It is therefore not surprising that the “main street”, which gives the impression that the city is suffering from rural exodus, is populated by a relatively large number of young people, especially as it has little to offer for them. This superficially unsuitable cityscape of a partly “still” dilapidated, medieval-looking, not touristically developed town center and relatively many young people is an interesting difference to other small towns.
Administrative history
Friesack had belonged to the Westhavelland district in the Prussian province of Brandenburg since 1817 and to the Nauen district in the GDR district of Potsdam from 1952 . The city has been in the Havelland district in Brandenburg since 1993.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
City Council
The city council consists of 16 members in addition to the honorary mayor:
| Party / group of voters | Seats |
|---|---|
| SPD | 4th |
| Voting group farmers | 4th |
| Alliance for Friesack | 3 |
| FDP | 2 |
| Individual applicant Werner Töpfer | 1 |
| The left | 1 |
| CDU | 1 |
(As of: local election on May 26, 2019)
mayor
- 1998–2008: Peter Behrendt (FDP)
- 2008–2014: Werner Töpfer
- 2014-2019: Klaus Gottschalk (SPD)
- since 2019: Christoph Köpernick (Alliance for Friesack)
Köpernick was elected in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 59.3 percent of the valid votes for a term of five years without a candidate.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on April 14, 1994.
Blazon : “In silver on a green floor, a blue tinned gate with closed golden wings, held on both sides by a blue tinned tower with a red, gold-studded dome roof on a black, silver-framed double window arch; in between the gold-armored red Brandenburg eagle covered with golden clover stems. "
Town twinning
Friesack maintains city partnerships with Parchowo in Poland and Mosėdis in Lithuania .
Sights and culture
The list of monuments in Friesack includes the monuments entered in the list of monuments of the State of Brandenburg.
Buildings
- Friesack Castle
- The church, located on today's Burgstrasse directly west of the castle, burned down in 1841 and was rebuilt a little closer to the market square on the former, also burnt down farmyard in Charlottenstrasse. In 1945 this church burned down as a result of the war. It was rebuilt in a modified form between 1949 and 1955.
- From 1878, thanks to the help of the Catholic photographer Albert Bode, the city owned a Catholic church, the Rosary Chapel on Rhinstrasse. Since no Catholic church was approved during the Prussian Kulturkampf , Bode had the building built as a photo studio and made it available to the Catholic community as a place for worship. Due to construction defects, the chapel was closed for services in 2010. In 2014 the chapel was donated to the deo iuvante e. V. , who supports Catholic life in Friesack and the preservation of the Rosary Chapel.
- On April 3, 1892, the Friesack volunteer fire brigade was founded by master baker Robert Repke. The fire station and the gasworks were built in 1900, although the gasworks later had to give way to the new fire department.
- The market place was already a local trading point for stuff and cattle in earlier years. The town hall, which was demolished in 1833, stood on what is now the bus stop. Today's town hall was extensively restored in 1994.
- The open-air stage with tennis court and toboggan facility was built in 1934. Due to the lively club life, the beautiful parks and a certain amount of cultural offerings, Friesack was recognized as a climatic health resort in 1928 . Three sanatoriums were particularly used by Berlin guests.
- The Seven Brothers Oak, so named because of its seven trunks, on Klessner Strasse is 300 years old.
- Next to it is the Jewish cemetery with graves from the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to its hidden location, the cemetery survived the Nazi era, even if not entirely unscathed. It was renewed by Soviet citizens during the GDR era , but the tombstones were not placed in their original position.
- An old locksmith's forge was extensively renovated and is now the Friesack home building. Here you will find the city library and the small local history museum, which was brought into being through a private initiative. Since many of the historical objects can be touched and technical devices can be moved, the museum is also suitable for children.
- The post office was completed in 1898. It's empty today.
- The building of today's Neumann ice cream parlor (corner of Berliner Allee / Klessener Strasse) was built in 1878 by the brickworks owner Otto Beyer. The tower of the building was destroyed in 1945.
- The hospital was built in 1914. From 1969 to 1991 it was used as a rural outpatient clinic and medical center. It is currently used as an assisted living facility.
- At times there were up to seven windmills. A mill, which has been converted into a residential building, still exists today.
Market square from Hamburger Strasse, 2005
Friesack open-air theater, 2005
Jewish cemetery, 2005
Not available anymore
- The half-timbered manor house on the castle hill in 1774, which served as a farm building from the middle of the 19th century, was spared from the fire. In 1956 it was demolished because of dilapidation and ideological reasons.
- One of Friesack's oldest shop fittings was a pharmacy mentioned in 1775, which was destroyed in 1945. It was located on Berliner Strasse on the market square across from today's pharmacy. This property is now vacant.
Museums
The local history museum with library is located in the Heimathaus on the market square.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Street
Friesack is located on federal highway 5 halfway between Berlin and Perleberg . At the Briesen residential area, branching off from the B 5, the federal highway 188 begins, which leads west to Rathenow . The state roads L 17 to Rhinow and L 166 to Wildberg also run through the city.
In addition to the Berlin – Hamburg road in 1829, the roads from Briesen (today Friesack's home) to Rathenow , 1894 to Kleßen and Rhinow, 1900 to Wagenitz and 1906 to Görne were built. The bypass road of the former F 5 was inaugurated in 1981.
train
The Friesack train station on the Berlin-Hamburg Railway , about 2.5 kilometers from the town center , is served by the RE 2 Wismar- Berlin- Cottbus regional express line .
On the Berlin-Hamburg railway , the streamlined steam locomotive 05 002 reached the steam locomotive world record speed of 200.4 km / h on its test run on May 11, 1936 near Friesack.
Water and energy supply
The first sewer system was laid on Berliner Strasse in 1925. More were added in the 1980s and 1990s. The first water connection to the central supply took place in 1976. In 1993 the city received a natural gas connection.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Meier Hirsch (1765 / 1770-1851), mathematician
- Adalbert von Bredow (1814–1890), Prussian lieutenant general, born on Gut Briesen
- Adolph Stier (1823–1890), general physician
- Emil Schallopp (1843–1919), chess master and writer
- Otto Sidow (1857–1927), newspaper publisher; Honorary citizen of Brandenburg an der Havel , member of the Reichstag
- Paul Lüdicke (1866–1931), lawyer and notary, member of the Prussian state parliament
- Otto Goetzke (1877–?), Racing cyclist
- Wilhelm Heinrich (1882–1970), Chief Justice at the Supreme Court of the GDR
- Otto Flieger (1915–1981), politician (SPD), member of the city council of Greater Berlin
- Kurt Repke (1919–2001), biochemist and pharmacologist
- Egon Mahnkopf (1929–2012), architect
- Georg Feldhahn (1941–1961), border policeman of the GDR, killed on the Berlin Wall
- Karsten Wettberg (* 1941), football coach
Personalities associated with Friesack
- Albert Willimsky (1890–1940), pastor in Friesack 1927–1935, opponent of National Socialism
literature
- Almut Andreae, Udo Geiseler: The mansions of the Havelland. A documentation of their history up to the present. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-931836-59-2 .
- E. G. Bardey: History of town and country Friesack . Self-published, Nauen 1894.
- Max Wichard von Bredow: The Bredow family, origin and development 1251-1984 . Self-published, Burgdorf / Heeßel 1984.
- Theodor Fontane: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg. Volume 7: Unknown and forgotten stories from the Mark Brandenburg. Part 1: The little country Friesack and the Bredows. Aufbau-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3-7466-5707-3 .
- Günter Kirchert: Memorandum on the 100th anniversary of the volunteer fire brigade . Friesack 1992.
- Günter Kirchert: Festschrift for the 675th anniversary of the city . Friesack 2002.
- Henning v. Koss: The little country Friesack and the Bredows . Märkische Verlagsgesellschaft, Kiel 1965.
- Quitzow-Kurier (quarterly), Tel .: 033235-1537, Redaktion@friesack.de
- City of Friesack (Ed.): Redevelopment area old town Friesack . Friesack, 2002.
Web links
- Friesack on the pages of the Friesack Office
- Parish parish Friesack and Haage
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ↑ a b City of Friesack - districts according to § 45 municipal constitution - places to live. In: service.brandenburg.de. Ministry of the Interior and Local Affairs of the State of Brandenburg, accessed on October 11, 2016 .
- ↑ Official Journal for Brandenburg, 2002, No. 20 , p. 519
- ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. District Havelland . Pp. 14-17
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Results of the local elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the Havelland district ( Memento of the original from April 5, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Local elections in the state of Brandenburg on September 28, 2008. Mayoral elections , p. 9
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 25, 2014
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 73 (1)
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
- ↑ Matthias Rheder: What good things can come out of Friesack? In: Department of Pastoral Care of the Archbishop's Ordinariate Berlin (Ed.): Information No. 111 2-2014, pp. 18–21
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