Havelland
The Havelland is a historical landscape in the German Brandenburg . There are different limitations.
Geographically, Havelland is the U-shaped area surrounded by the Havel between Oranienburg in the northeast and Rhinow in the northwest. The northern end of the Havelland is formed by the River Rhin and the Rhink Canal. In the history of Brandenburg , the Havelland represents a historical landscape that lies south of Prignitz and Ruppiner Land .
The Havelland district encompasses the core of the Havelland. In addition, there is the southern part of the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district with part of the Rhinluchs , some places in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, the city of Brandenburg and the Potsdam districts north and the Berlin districts west of the Havel.
In terms of tourism, the Havelland e. V. chose a slightly different delimitation. It includes the Havelland district, the city of Brandenburg an der Havel and the north of the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, including the communities south of the Havel, which are otherwise assigned to the Zauche region .
Theodor Fontane described the Havelland as well as the other landscapes of Brandenburg . With the ballad Herr von Ribbeck auf Ribbeck in Havelland , he made this region particularly well known and his fictional character Effi Briest grew up there. A separate volume of the walks through the Mark Brandenburg is dedicated to the Havelland.
landscape
Extensive glacial valleys determine the landscape in the Havelland. Slabs protrude from it like islands , mostly bearing ground moraines . But terminal moraines from the Saale and Vistula ice ages also occur. The former were more or less overprinted during the Vistula Ice Advance.
In addition to arable land, the sandy, dry plates have extensive forest areas. The largest is the Nauener Platte . To the north of it there are several small lands . To the west of the Havel arc lies the Land of Schollene .
In the glacial valleys away from the Havel, north of the Nauener Platte, Havelländisches Luch and Rhinluch , separated from each other by the little country, stretch south of the Nauener Platte, the Osthavelniederung, divided by smaller moraine hills, with numerous Havel lakes . Especially in the north of the Havelland, extensive areas were drained by canals from around 1700 until the 1950s.
The western part of the area between Rhinow and Pritzerbe belongs to the Westhavelland Nature Park . This contains the largest wetland in the Western European inland in the Lower Havel lowlands.
colonization
The Havelland is very sparsely populated. The larger cities of Spandau (today Berlin ), Potsdam , Brandenburg and Rathenow developed at the Havel crossings . Other central locations for the Havelland are Rhinow , Premnitz , Nauen and Friesack . The city of Falkensee and the surrounding villages are growing rapidly .
Economy and Transport
Agriculture and livestock farming characterize large areas of the Havelland. Fruit and vegetable growing is particularly well represented around Werder. This is also where juices, canned fruit and vegetables are processed. The Havel and the Havel lakes still offer some fishermen a livelihood.
The tourism plays an increasingly important role in the Havel country that is to be among the recreational areas of the metropolis Berlin.
A freight traffic center has been built in Wustermark on the outskirts of Berlin . In Paaren im Glien , the Märkisches exhibition and leisure center offers opportunities for larger trade fairs and events.
A problem in the Havelland was and is the traffic development. The Havel is on the one hand an important waterway, especially between Brandenburg and Oranienburg, on the other hand, with its lakes and large wetlands, it is an obstacle for roads and railways.
The most important roads are the B 5 from Berlin via Nauen in the direction of Hamburg , from which the B 188 branches off to Rathenow. North-south tangents are the B 102 from Brandenburg via Rathenow to Rhinow and in the east the Berlin A 10 motorway ring . From Spandau, two express rail lines run through the Havelland. These are the routes Berlin – Hamburg via Nauen and the Lehrter Bahn via Rathenow. In the west, the Brandenburg city railway connects Brandenburg with Rathenow. In the east, the Berlin outer ring touches the area.
The bee farm sports airfield is located west of Nauen near Paulienenaue or the bee farm . In addition to normal sports aircraft and a group of parachutists, there are also numerous vintage cars stationed there. The Quax-Oldtimerverein has been active here since the 2000s and organizes regular events together with the airport operator.
literature
- chronologically ascending
- Lieselott Enders (adaptation): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Havelland. With an overview map in the appendix (= Friedrich Beck [Hrsg.]: Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg . Part III; Publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 11). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, DNB 730255603 (gives a reprint from 2011).
- Wolfgang Ribbe (Hrsg.): The Havelland in the Middle Ages. Investigations into the structural history of an East Elbe landscape in Slavic and German times . Dedicated to Wolfgang H. Fritze on his 70th birthday (= Friedrich Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin [Hrsg.]: Berlin historical studies . Volume 13; Germania Slavica . Volume V). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-06236-1 .
- Gebhard Falk, Heinz-Dieter Krausch (development), Werner Schmidt (ed.): Havelland around Werder, Lehnin and Ketzin. Results of the local history inventory in the areas of Groß Kreutz, Ketzin, Lehnin and Werder (= values of the German homeland . Volume 53). 1st edition, self-published by the Institute for Regional Geography , Leipzig 1992, ISBN 978-3-86082-014-8 .
- Sebastian children, Haik Thomas Porada on behalf of Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography Leipzig and Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. A geographical inventory in the area of Brandenburg an der Havel, Pritzerbe, Reckahn and Wusterwitz (= landscapes in Germany. Values of the German homeland . Volume 69). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3 .
- Andreas Kitschke: Churches of the Havelland . 1st edition. Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-937233-78-9 ( reading sample ).
- Joachim Nölte: Havelland. A companion. 3. Edition. Edition Terra, Berlin / Potsdam 2018, ISBN 978-3-942917-11-7 .
- Wilhelm Döbbelin: Under the sign of terror and violence. The first weeks of Nazi rule in Havelland. In: Work - Movement - History , Issue II / 2016.
- Sebastian Kinder, Haik Thomas Porada on behalf of the Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography Leipzig and Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig (ed.): The Havelland around Rathenow and Premnitz (= landscapes in Germany. Values of the German homeland . Volume 74). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2017, ISBN 978-3-412-22297-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Herr von Ribbeck on Ribbeck im Havelland (a pear tree stood in his garden ...) on Wikisource
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 0 ″ N , 12 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ E