Zauche
| Zauche | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Zauche at Beelitz |
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| Highest peak | Wietkiekenberg ( 124.7 m above sea level ) | |
| location | District of Potsdam-Mittelmark , Brandenburg an der Havel and Potsdam in Brandenburg ( Germany ) | |
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 18 ′ N , 12 ° 48 ′ E | |
| Type | Ground and terminal moraine | |
| Age of the rock | Vistula Ice Age (around 20,000 years ago) | |
 The natural location of the Zauche |
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The Zauche is a plateau and a sparsely populated landscape area in Brandenburg . As a historical landscape , the Zauche was one of the core areas in which the Mark Brandenburg emerged in the 12th and 13th centuries .
Geology and landscape
The landscape of the Zauche comprises several mostly flat undulating plates . The plateaus are delimited and cut through by comparatively narrow glacial valleys with flowing waters. The Havel river forms the north-west, the Baruther glacial valley to the south-west and the Nuthe-Nieplitz lowland to the east . The Klaistower (or Kaniner) valley - also a glacial valley - divides the Zauche into a larger southern and a smaller northern plateau. The Zauche forms, together with the Karower plate to the west, from which it is separated by a breakthrough of the Baruth glacial valley, which now houses some of the Flaming sprung rivers such as the Plane , Temnitz and Buckau Havel run, a record number. This was formed more than 20,000 years ago during the Vistula Ice Age on the main ice edge of the Brandenburg phase , when the inland ice on the Zauche reached its maximum extent to the south. On the southern plateau there is a terminal moraine with the highest elevation of the Zauche, the Wietkiekenberg (124.7 m above sea level ). Typical of the Zauche, as well as other plateaus formed during the Ice Age, are boulders like the Blue Stone , which were transported with the glacier ice . One of the largest sanders in Brandenburg was formed to the south . The so-called Beelitzer Sander appears here in the form of a typical cone sand (alluvial fan ), which is around 17 kilometers wide. The melt waters of the inland ice flowed further into the Baruther glacial valley to the south. Ground moraines can also be found on the northern plate and in the east of the southern plateau . The associated glacial till is only thin here (<4 m), very often it is even missing. There are then meltwater sands from the advancing phase of the ice on the surface. The Saarmunder terminal moraine is located within the ground moraines. Separated by the glacial valley of today's Nuthe-Nieplitz lowland, the Teltow plateau joins in the east , extending into southern Berlin . To the north of the Havel lies the Nauener Platte with the Havelland .
Well-known places in the Zauche are in the center of Lehnin with the Lehnin monastery of the same name and the asparagus town of Beelitz on the eastern edge . Large parts of the area have been used as a military training area since the 20th century . The name Zauche comes from Slavic and means something like "dry land". The sandy areas of the many glacial valleys form the ideal soil for asparagus farming in the region. In addition to the dry areas, larger pine forests characterize the landscape. Some still waters such as the Emstaler Schlauch peat stich lake and the Klostersee as well as some smaller lakes and ponds that were created from blocks of dead ice loosen up the barren plateau.
history
Christening present for Otto I.
The Zauche played an important role in the founding of the Mark Brandenburg in the 12th century and the subsequent stabilization policy. Because around 1100 the Zauche and the Havelland formed the area of the Slavic tribe of the Heveller . In 1127 the Christianized Prince of Heveller Pribislaw-Heinrich came to power, who had close contacts to the later founder of the Mark Brandenburg, the Ascanian Albrecht the Bear . As a godfather, he gave Albrecht's first son Otto I the teeth for baptism. Even childless, he also bequeathed power in Brandenburg with his death in 1150 to Albrecht the Bear, who after various disputes was finally able to found the Mark on June 11, 1157 and became the first Margrave of Brandenburg . In addition to older parts of Ascanian free float, this young mark only included the Havelland, the area in the Havelberg, the western parts of the Prignitz and the Zauche.
Lehnin Monastery
The Lehnin Monastery was the first Cistercian monastery in the Mark to be founded in 1180 by Margrave Otto I. It served as the home monastery of the Ascanians and later also of the Hohenzollern . The first monks came after a call from Otto I in 1183 from the Sittichenbach monastery near Eisleben . The foundation of the monastery proved to be a clever move by the Ascanians. It was only 23 years ago that Albrecht the Bear was able to defeat the Slav prince Jaxa von Köpenick in the decisive battle for the Mark . Since the resident Slavic tribes had been defeated several times in the previous centuries and then pushed the Germans back again, Albrecht the Bear and his son Otto I were aware that the country had not yet been finally won with the victory of 1157. The Ascanians achieved the actual stabilization of the newly won territories with their Slavic population through a successful double strategy. On the one hand, Christian settlers, e.g. B. from Flanders (the name lives on in the term Fläming ), which quickly formed a counterweight to the Slavic population. On the other hand, with the founding of the monastery by the Cistercians, particularly energetic and devout Christians were brought into the country who, in addition to their economic achievements, were intensively missionary. With the further Christianization of the remaining Slavs, the monks not only flanked the Ascanian settlement policy, but also gained another strategic function for Otto I as a border guard against an advance of Count von Belzig through their border location in the young Mark .
With tough work, which was characterized by the Benedictine rule Ora et labora ('pray and work'), the monks quickly developed the Lehnin Monastery into one of the wealthiest abbeys in the region. The Ascanians in turn thanked the monks with various gifts of property. When the monastery was secularized in 1542, the property comprised 4500 hectares of forest and arable land, 64 villages, 54 lakes, nine windmills and six water mills and a town. Under the Luxembourgers in the late 14th century and the Hohenzollern in the early 15th century, the abbots were given trusting and important functions in the context of the sovereign administration. The monastery gained further prestige in 1450 when Pope Nicholas V made the abbots abbishops . The monastery is currently used as a hospital and monastery .
literature
- N. Hermsdorf: On the quaternary sequence of layers of the Teltow plateau. In: Brandenburgische Geoscientific Contributions , 1, pp. 27–37, Kleinmachnow 1995.
- L. Lippstreu, N. Hermsdorf, A. Sonntag: Geological overview map of the state of Brandenburg 1: 300,000 - explanations. Potsdam 1997, ISBN 3-7490-4576-3 .
- Werner Stackebrandt, Volker Manhenke (Ed.): Atlas for the geology of Brandenburg . 2nd edition. State Office for Geosciences and Raw Materials Brandenburg (today: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, LBGR), 2002, ISBN 3-9808157-0-6 , 142 pages, 43 maps.
- Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542. Studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians. Vol. 12.1. Free University of Berlin, dissertation 1999. Lukas, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931836-45-2 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Sebastian children, Haik Thomas Porada (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. 2006, p. 6.
- ^ Sebastian children, Haik Thomas Porada (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. 2006, p. 298 Fig. 72.
- ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin. Age - origin - meaning. be.bra Wissenschaft verlag, ISBN 978-3-937233-30-7 , p. 188
- ^ Lutz Partenheimer : Albrecht the bear . 2nd edition Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-412-16302-3 , p. 36 ff., 111