Nowawes

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The former city arms
Nowawes on table sheet (1835)

Nowawes was a village east of Potsdam in the area of ​​today's Babelsberg district , which was created by Frederick the Great as a Frederician colony for evangelical weavers and spinners from Bohemia , known as exiles , who were persecuted for their faith , right next to the old Rundlingsdorf Neuendorf . The weavers initially processed cotton (calico) for the Berlin calico manufacturer Benjamin Elias Wolff. Another goal of the king was the local production of silk in order not to have to rely on the import of this luxury product. Small weaver houses were built on a triangular ground plan on streets planted with thousands of mulberry trees (as the basis for silk spinning ) . The Friedrichskirche was built by the Dutch master builder Jan Bouman in 1752–1753 on what is now Weberplatz in the middle .

history

Typical colonist house
(Alt Nowawes 48)

Initially, Colonel and later General Wolf Friedrich von Retzow was responsible for building the colony , who had already proven himself during the draining of the Oderbruch . The colony was built from 1751 to 1754 in two phases. In the years 1764–1767 it was expanded by General Heinrich Wilhelm von Anhalt , because Retzow had fallen in the Seven Years War . The construction was carried out by the Oberhof building officer and master builder Heinrich Ludwig Manger . In the initial phase the colony was called "Etablissement bei Potsdam", then "Böhmisch Neuendorf". The later name Nowawes is a modification of the Czech Nová Ves and means 'new village'.

Nowawes comprised 210 houses for 420 families on an area of ​​around 72 hectares after construction work ended  . 1,000 colonists were already living there in 1767. Initially two thirds were from Bohemia, but after the second phase of construction only ten percent. In this second section mainly craftsmen (carpenters, bricklayers, bakers, tailors, shoemakers and gardeners) settled, whom Friedrich II needed for the completion of the New Palace. Among other things, the parents and brother of the court composer Franz Benda lived in these colonist houses .

Development of Nowawes from a "colony" to a city

Former Nowawes City Hall

In 1759, the place was subordinated to the Royal Chamber of War and Domain of Potsdam as Colonie Nowawes . At that time it had 681 inhabitants. Not until 1795 was it partially and finally in 1837 subordinated to the Teltow district . Until well into the 19th century, Nowawes remained a weaving village, in which conditions were at times very poor. In 1759 there were 105 house looms there , and in 1797 there were 350. After a crisis in the 1840s, their number rose to 1,600 by 1885, but this fell drastically by the turn of the century. In 1852 August Wichgraf was appointed "Commissarius of the Colonie Nowawes" to combat the misery of weavers. The population was around 4,400 in 1864, around 7,000 in 1880, 10,974 in 1900, 12,148 in 1905 and 27,346 in 1927. About two thirds of the original colonist houses are still preserved today. They are listed as an ensemble.

The industry developed rapidly. The first textile factories came into being in the middle of the 19th century : in 1852 the first sewing silk factory of the Berlin trading house Liebermann & Söhne, a second followed a little later. Between 1863 and 1898, nine other industrial companies were established: a jute and worsted spinning mill (see also: Factory building of the German jute spinning and weaving mill ), a jacquard weaving mill , a cloth factory, two carpet factories, a textile factory, a sack, plan and Tent factory, a silk weaving mill and a net factory. Then in 1899 the locomotive factory of Orenstein & Koppel , an iron foundry , a shoe factory Haase & Russ and the record company " Electrola " followed. In 1917 the Ufa ( Universum Film AG.) Film studios were finally built in an empty factory hall . Nowawes became a film city and has remained so to this day as Babelsberg's media city.

Since 1879 Nowawes became the home of the Oberlinverein through Theodor Hoppe and housed its mother house with a hospital and diverse care and educational offers as well as facilities for school, professional, medical and social rehabilitation. Theodor Hoppe is the first and only honorary citizen of Nowawes.

Due to the industrial development at the end of the 19th century, Nowawes and Neuendorf quickly grew closer together. On the railway line between Berlin and Potsdam, which ran through Nowawes and Neuendorf, a train station was built in 1865, initially under the name "Neuendorf", which was replaced in 1891 by the name "Nowawes-Neuendorf". The first attempts to merge the two communities in 1892 failed due to the resistance of the Neuendorf municipal council, on whose territory the majority of the industrial companies were based. Both communities partially blocked each other. After Neuendorf built its own town hall in 1894/1895, Nowawes followed suit with its town hall in 1900. Gradually the realization matured that many common problems could be solved more favorably for both communities if they were to unite. Representatives of both communities made - separately - on August 13, 1906 the resolution to unite Nowawes and Neuendorf on April 1, 1907. The dispute over the new place name Nowawes continued. This name was rejected by many Neuendorfer citizens because it was "only introduced from their language by the Czech-speaking residents". In 1924 Nowawes City and in 1938 with the villa colony Neubabelsberg was merged to form the city of Babelsberg. The old name disappeared on the one hand because of its Slavic origin, which the National Socialists disliked, and on the other hand because of the reputation as "Red Nowawes" due to the strong labor movement in the industrial city. For a long time only the street "Alt Nowawes" reminded of the name, but in 2006 the soccer club Concordia Nowawes was founded, based on the workers' sports club (ASV) Concordia Nowawes, which existed from 1906 to 1933.

Babelsberg was incorporated into Potsdam in 1939 .

Birthplace of Peter Weiss

Personalities

The following people were born in Nowawes:

See also

literature

  • Nicola Bröcker, Celina Kress, Simone Oelker: FRITZ | DORF | STADT - colonist villages in the metropolitan region. Exhibition catalog, 2nd edition. Potsdam 2013.
  • Herbert Knoblich, Almuth Püschel et al .: Neuendorf - Nowawes - Babelsberg. Stations of a district. Geiger-Verlag, Potsdam 2008, ISBN 978-3-89570-653-0 .
  • Karin Carmen Jung: The Bohemian Weavers' Colony Nowawes 1751–1767 in Potsdam-Babelsberg - Structural and urban development. Berlin 1997, Haude and Spener, ISBN 3-7759-0407-7 .
  • Günter Vogler: On the history of the spinners and weavers from Nowawes 1751–1785. Publications of the district home museum Potsdam, issue 7, Potsdam 1965.
  • A. Wichgraf: History of the Weber Colonie Nowawes near Potsdam. Springer, Berlin 1862 excerpts

Web links

Commons : Kolonie Nowawes  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Letter from 30 Neuendorfer residents to the Prussian Minister of the Interior dated March 27, 1907.

Coordinates: 52 ° 24 '  N , 13 ° 6'  E