Outdoor gardener
As a free gardener , also free people called one called small farmers who mostly lived a craft or retail expense of a small farming and additional exercise. Former serfs bought themselves in the 17th / 18th Century free from their landlords and acquired in this way or as a free, z. B. Exulanten , outdoor gardener positions for a fixed sum of money. In Prussia and Silesia , long-term debt payments were also agreed for the posts after 1750.
life situation
The social status term “free gardener”, which comes from feudalism , characterizes the owners of the smallest properties. The term occurs mainly in Silesia. The garden plots there were between two and five acres in size. Most of them were poor fields near the forest and heather. They were also responsible for logging and forest maintenance. The Prussian King Frederick II had up to 900 colonist villages built after 1752 through his “so-called inner colonization” . With appropriate decrees and royal financial means, land was bought from the landowners and this was occupied by outdoor gardeners. The landlords bowed down and rehabilitated themselves with the sales of low-valued arable and forest areas.
Numerous colonist villages with commercial settlements as well as spinner and weaver villages in Silesia and Prussia were created through advertising campaigns by the Prussian king. The colonists, the future gardeners, received material and built the villages with their colonist houses under strict conditions. Even the division for people, cattle and handicrafts in a colonist house was given and implemented according to a development plan. Was particularly sought after the Enrollierungsfreiheit of the colonists, ie freedom from military service until the third generation of settlers, this personal religious freedom (freedom of religion) and freedom from bondage. The royal order for the selection of the colonists mainly concerned exiles such as Saxons, Bohemians, Dutch or Huguenots . The planned increase in population was achieved through the administrative requirements with the establishment of colonist villages in the Prussian state: in 1767 there were 30,500 outdoor gardeners in Silesia.
Colonist villages
- Nowawes , Potsdam-Babelsberg
- Reussenfeldau
- Eckartswaldau
- Siecieborzyce ( Rückersdorf )
- Sprottischwaldau
The Glogau Baudirektor Machui records beginning in December 1776 a pattern of settlers houses. The interior layout of the house is:
- Parlor (also suitable as weaving parlor)
- Two chambers
- Kitchen with fireplace u. Kettle
- Hallway with stairs to the living area with pitched roof
- Barn for cattle
- Threshing floor
- Side room with possible storage space under the roof and above the threshing floor
literature
- Jochen Oltmer / Ulrich Niggemann: Handbook State u. Migration in Germany since the 17th century . De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-034528-5 , p. 117-218 .
- Gerlinde Kraus: Christiane Fürstin von der Oster-Sacken: An early capitalist entrepreneur and her heirs during the early industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries. Century . In: Hans Pohl (Ed.): Contributions to company history . tape 10 . Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-515-07721-9 , pp. 152-158 and 213 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Ulrich Niggemann: "Peuplierung" as a mercantilist instrument: privileging immigrants and state-controlled settlements. In: Jochen Oltmer (Ed.): Handbook State and Migration in Germany since the 17th Century . Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-034528-5 , p. 201. ( limited preview in the Google book search)