Szprotawka

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Szprotawka
Emblem for Sprottischwaldau.jpg
Szprotawka (Poland)
Szprotawka
Szprotawka
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lebus
Area : 0.2  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 32 '  N , 15 ° 39'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 32 '4 "  N , 15 ° 38' 36"  E
Residents : 50 (July 2010)
Postal code : 67-300
Telephone code : (+48) 68
License plate : FZG
Economy and Transport
Street : Szprotawa – Głogów
Next international airport : Wroclaw Airport



Szprotawka [ ʂprɔ'tawka ] ( German Sprottischwaldau ) is a typical Frederician colony in the powiat Żagański in the Polish Lubusz voivodeship . It is a town village of Sprottau .

Sprottischwaldau

The colony was founded on August 28, 1773 on the basis of the edict of the Prussian King Frederick II. And implemented by the Sprottau Council in 1776 with originally 16 gardener positions. The allocation of outdoor gardening positions guaranteed exemption from serfdom , one was only subject to the king. Six exiles with their families placed themselves under the protection of the king and cleared the heathland for their weavers' and craft houses. In the 19th century, lawn iron stone was extracted for the regional iron and steel industry in the neighboring town of Primkenau . Turf stone was also used as a building material for the construction of the village school house No. 1. In 2010 Szprotawka had about 50 inhabitants.

Geographical location

The colony is located in Lower Silesia on the national road 12 from Szprotawa to Przemkow, 9.1 kilometers southeast of Sprottau.

history

Inspection of the Royal War and Domain Chamber Glogau in Sprottischwaldau in February 1777, (collage drawing, Jürgen Gerner 2007)
Sprottischwaldau, residents from 1777 to 1945 according to the land registers and sources of the Grünberg State Archives in Poland

The first efforts of the combing to settle in Sprottau go back to the year 1770. However, the establishment of the colony results from the first designation list of the outdoor gardeners to be appointed in 1773. Frederick II had the Frederician colony Sprottischwaldau built (1776), only "foreigners" (Saxony, Bohemia, etc.) were appointed as outdoor gardeners. These subjects had a lottery ticket and were only subordinate to the King of Prussia due to the enrollment ; they were not allowed to receive the services and cheers of other landlords. As foreigners, they did not have to do military service in the Prussian army.

Colonist house from 1776 (Rückersdorf) floor plan and courtyard side
Historic colonist house from the Wilhelminian era in 1777 in Sprottischwaldau, (old) No. 8

The Royal Glogau Chamber of War and Domains supervised the town of Sprottau when creating its new colonist villages. The second designation was realized by former exile families from Bohemia and Saxony. Mainly weavers and craftsmen were put on the list. The jobs, each with 5 acres of land and meadow, had to be bought, the city of Sprottau granted long-term repayment periods individually. The development of the colony as a street village took place very quickly. The area of ​​the colony was divided into eight plots of fifty by two hundred and fifty meters on a thoroughfare on either side. The total size was four hundred meters long and five hundred meters wide. Lot no. 1 was the Kretschamstelle with the largest house, in which a school room and the restaurant were to be accommodated. The other fifteen one-story colony houses with pitched roofs and dormer windows, which were erected parallel to the street, had to be fenced in with slats. Barns were built behind the houses. Planting a mulberry tree in front of and behind each house was a requirement of the Glogau Chamber to increase the silkworm production of the Prussian weaver families. The Sprottauer Council issued inheritance letters for the land.

In 1777, the gardeners wrote a letter of appeal to their master, King Friedrich, with justified content. They complained about the sterile heather and asked for additional cattle to be given to better fertilize the soil. In February 1777, by order of the king, an inspection of the domain and war chamber from Glogau had to determine the progress of construction and compliance with the requirements for outdoor gardeners. These measures show the strict consistency with which the construction of small colonies was enforced in Prussia as part of the implementation of the edict of population growth. Since 1802 the children have been taught in a hiking school. In the 19th century, handicrafts, lawn iron ore and pulp production, weaving and textile handicrafts, and agriculture and forestry were established in cooperation with the Kirchdorf Niederleschen. Twelve houses and a forester's house were added. The village had a volunteer fire department with fire engine . In the northern forest there is a naturally overgrown German cemetery with 48 grave sites.


Population development
year Residents Remarks
1773 4 outdoor gardeners foreign colonists from Saxony a. Zerbst, former exiles from Bohemia
1776 16 outdoor gardeners Founded by the Sprottau city council, including 13 "foreigners", Georg Friedrich Meiser, Gottfried Richter from Bautzen , Spillenmacher Gottfried u. Carl Gottlieb Gerner (Goerner) from Schwerta in Saxony, from the village of Gebhardsdorf and the Estherwalde colony , Hans Gottfried Schreter from Rengersdorf in Saxony, Gottlob Schröther from Kutlitz in Bohemia, Carl Gottlieb u. ? Hanel, Johann Georg Dunsrab, Holter, Anton Neumann, Joh. Christian Dresler, Elias Titze from Westdorf in Saxony, Gottlieb Saal, Gottlieb Müller from Kusikfeld in Saxony
On March 12, 1777, Spillmacher Goerner buys a house in Sprottischwaldau (number 3)
 - -
1843 151 inhabitants 28 buildings, 21 houses, Protestant school
1885 158 inhabitants 74 male, 66 of them fit for military service
1925 150 inhabitants 78 male, 26 residential buildings, 36 households, area 2942.1 hectares
1939 145 inhabitants 77 male, 36 households
2010 50 inhabitants Poland

The greatest increase in population in 1937 was the establishment of two departments of the Reich Labor Service (RAD), RAD-A 7/105 and 2/105, each with two hundred workers on and behind properties 13-15. The departments were involved in developing the Sprottau infrastructure and draining the Sprottau quarry .

After February 12, 1945, Sprottischwaldau was taken by the Red Army without fighting. After the conquest of Sprottau, the city was placed under Polish administration. The German population was expelled in 1945 by the Polish administrative authorities in Sprottau . Poles who had largely belonged to Polish minorities in areas east of the Curzon Line immigrated to Poland . Lemken were also forced to settle in the now empty settlements such as Sprottischwaldau.

Colonist House

The specifications of a row village with 8 colonist houses each side of the street and barns to be built behind the houses gave the colony a clear character. One of the houses became the Kretscham , this village inn was larger than the other 15 houses. House No. 8 (13) with its original layout has been preserved in today's village location. A sample drawing by the building director Machui from Glogau from 1776 gave the house layout for the colonist houses in the neighboring colony of Rückersdorf. A similar design, only with a baroque dormer, was given in Sprottischwaldau. In Sprottischwaldau the threshing floor was not in the house, there was a separate barn in the rear property. This house was divided into two 3.00 m sections and two 4.00 m sections with a total length of 14.80 m. The width of the house was 7.5 m. The eaves height is 2.5 m. The living area measured without the kitchen, approx. 52 m².

Wall detail of the colonist house, in 1777 field stones and glass slag were walled up.

The interior layout of the house:

  • The room, which also served as a weaver's room = 16 m²
  • Two chambers = 9 m² and 12 m²
  • Kitchen with fireplace u. Cooking kettle = 9 m²
  • Hallway with stairs to the living area with pitched roof
  • Stable for small livestock, later converted into living space
  • Threshing floor converted into living space
  • Side room with possible storage space under the roof and above the threshing floor

The building material for the street side consisted of bricks, in the gable ends field and bluish slag bricks were used to save money between brick layers.

Sprat break camp of the Reich Labor Service

To the rear of house no. 10 (commandant's house), two camps of the RAD group 195 Sagan with the department 2/105 and 7/105, which was called Thomas Trautenberger , with 200 workers each were barracked on cleared land after 1935 . Department 2/105 provided support with the renovation work. Since 1756 the sprat has been drained again and again. This was ended in 1945 with drainage ditches up to 70 kilometers long. The largest work was a polder created together with RAD Group 106 Primkenau "Sprottebruch" , which contained 7.5 million cubic meters of water for groundwater regulation. A 36 km long main dam was built for the purpose of total development. Department 7/105 expanded the infrastructure for the city of Sprottau (e.g. canal to the Sprottau outdoor swimming pool, on the occasion of the 1936 Olympics in Germany)

  • RAD department 2/105 in Sprottischwaldau in Silesia, 1939

  • RAD Dept. Camp 2/105 in Sprottischwaldau

  • RAD Dept. Thomas Trautenberger Sprottischwaldau

  • Row village with RAD warehouse and cemetery, before 1945

Attractions

  • Kretscham / Schulzengebäude, Sprottischwaldau No. 1 and 2. The Kretschamhaus No. 1 is a single house in the village that was built from lawn iron ore stones.
  • Colonist houses No. 1 to 16. A founder's house that has been historically preserved in its origins still stands on property No. 8. It is the last house on the right in the direction of Primkenau, currently number 13.
  • The three trenches
  • Old Salt Road New Salt Bohemia
  • 250-year-old mulberry tree in the Frederician colony of Sprottischwaldau, from the founding year 1776, on plot No. 16

Monuments

  • Memorial stone for the great forest fire. Inscription: "Brandt caused by a Rusche battery"
  • Memorial plaque for soldiers killed in the Franco-German War 1870–1871 (Szprotawka Forest Cemetery). Heinrich Gerner ... " Gen NCO of the 11th Company. I. Lower Silesian Infantry Regt.No.46 , born on December 25th, 1845, killed in the battle of Sedan on September 1st, 1870. We'll see what we believe Certainly once, oh Lord, with you! "
  • According to witness reports, a war memorial at the eastern exit of the village was removed after 1945 and reworked for a Polish memorial. The whereabouts of the great stone are not known.

  • Memorial stone, Great Forest Fire 1813

  • German-French war memorial stone. Sedan 1870

  • Former war memorial

  • Stone in memory of the inhabitants who died in WWI, 1925

Forest cemetery

Colonists' cemetery 1778 to 1937
The outdoor gardeners and colonists were buried in the forest cemetery from 1778 to 1945.

In the forest cemetery, the history of the colony's founding can still be recognized from the grave site. Outdoor gardeners' graves from 1778 to 1945 are still recognizable in 48 grave sites. Old social classes are noted on the graves: gardeners , cap makers , fusilier sergeants, etc. Some Poles put lights of life on the old German graves on Catholic holidays. They also placed a stone slab with a figure of Christ next to the German graves in the forest. Since 2018, the forest cemetery has been separated from the nearby location by the construction of the northern bypass, the state road DK 12.

traffic

Sprottischwaldau, Straßendorf seen from the east, 2006

North of the row village, the DK 12 leads from Sprottau to Primkenau . A dead end road in the location of the Alte Salzstraße is a new village entrance.

  • Old Salt Road

At the western beginning of the village, a salt road led through the heather forest from south to north in the Middle Ages . This crossing was decisive for the location of the settlement. The rock salt was transported from Stettin up the Oder to Neusalz in Silesia until the 19th century and then distributed on the Old Salt Road by carts south (to Bohemia). Course : Neusalz - Neustädtel - Gießmannsdorf - Zauche - Zeisdorf - Eckersdorf - Sprottischwaldau - Waldhäuser - Baierhaus- Oberleschen - Hilger Kretscham - on to Bohemia.

Course of the historical salt road Neusalz-Böhmen in the Sprottau area seen from south to north
View from the west with the historical salt road crossing it, 2006

local community

The village Kopanie (in German forest houses) belongs to Szprotawka.

Personalities

Sons and daughters

The following personalities are related to the Sprottischwaldauer outdoor gardeners:

literature

  • Jürgen Gerner: Research into Woyt's ancestors in Sprottau. In: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ostdeutscher Familienforscher (AGOFF): Arbeitsbericht ARB 2009. Issue 3, pp. 30–32.
  • Jürgen Gerner: Chronicle of the Colony 1776–1945, Szprotawka Kronika 1945–2010, A Frederician settlement in Lower Silesia, near Sprottau (Szprotawa). In: Ortsfamilienbuch, Sprottischwaldau. 2009.
  • Documents from the archives of the Szprotawa National Museum (serial number 770-773):
    • 770 Sprottischwaldau (Szprotawka) eighteenth century, J.Gerner, documents development up to the settlement of the village related Szprotawka
    • 771 Sprottischwaldau eighteenth century, Jürgen Gerner, documents study related to the establishment of the village Szprotawka
    • 772 From the maintenance of bees ... Nicol Jackob , 1568 Sprottau copy of the book, (first German beekeeping book about honey production)
    • 773 Sprottischwaldau - Chronicle of the Colony 1776-2010, the development of Jürgen Gerner Chronicle Szprotawki Szprotawka

Web links

Commons : Szprotawka  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Sprottau in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wilhelm Doenniges: The Land-Culture-Legislation of Prussia: a compilation and explanation of the laws passed since October 9, 1807 . tape 1 . Verlag von EH Schröder, Berlin 1843, p. 49 ( google.de [accessed on June 23, 2019]).
  2. ↑ The establishment and establishment of the new forest colony near Sagan in 1775. In: Georg Steller: The Frederician settlement Reußenfeldau, near Rückersdorf. Kr. Sprottau. Self-published, Sprottau 1936 p. 361.
  3. ^ Georg Steller: The Frederician settlement Reußenfeldau, near Rückersdorf. Kr. Sprottau. Selbstverlag, Sprottau 1936 p. 11, p. 14 preparations; “They had to let their subjects go as soon as they wanted to settle.” VI. Frederician settlements around Sagan and Sprottau p. 57; 1. Eckartswaldau p. 58; 2. Sprottischwaldau p. 59.
  4. ^ Gerlinde Kraus: Christiane Fürstin von der Oster-Sacken: An early capitalist entrepreneur and her heirs during early industrialization in the 18th / 19th centuries . Ed .: Hans Pohl (=  contributions to the history of entrepreneurs . Volume 10 ). Franz Steiner, Stuttgart, 2001, ISBN 3-515-07721-9 , pp. 151-158, 213 .
  5. ^ Georg W. Strobel: Ukrainians and Poles as a problem of national structural change and restructuring in East Central Europe after the Second World War. Cologne 1965, (pdf)
  6. ↑ RAD list. Retrieved April 12, 2020 .
  7. ↑ What we believe we will surely see one day, O Lord, with you! In: Holy songs from old and new for worship. Albrecht Friedrich Bartholomai, Ulm 1771, p. 581. (books.google.de)
  8. ^ Forest cemetery
  9. ↑ google.de
  10. ↑ polska-org.pl
  11. ↑ The first German book on beekeeping, by a Silesian . In: Monthly by and for Silesia . tape 1 , 1829, p. 84–87 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  12. ↑ Jochen Kothe: Göttingen Digitization Center: side view. Retrieved May 14, 2017 .
  13. ^ Jürgen Gerner: Chronicle of the Frederician colony Sprottischwaldau. In: Ortschronik. Jürgen Gerner, 2010, accessed on March 25, 2020 .