Przemków

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Przemków
Przemków Coat of Arms
Przemków (Poland)
Przemków
Przemków
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Polkowice
Area : 5.67  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 32 '  N , 15 ° 47'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '37 "  N , 15 ° 47' 14"  E
Height : 113 m npm
Residents : 6107
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 59-170
Telephone code : (+48) 76
License plate : DPL
Economy and Transport
Street : Leszno - Żary
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Surface: 108.04 km²
Residents: 8329
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 77 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0216053
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayor : Stanisław Pępkowski
Address: pl. Wolności 25
59-325 Przemków
Website : www.przemkow.pl



Przemków pronunciation ? / i (German Primkenau ) is a town in the powiat Polkowicki ( Polkowice district ) in Poland . It is the seat of the town and country municipality of the same name , which covers an area of ​​108.04 km². Przemków belongs to the Lower Silesian Voivodeship and is located about 25 kilometers southwest of Polkowice . Audio file / audio sample

history

The area of ​​the later Przemków / Primkenau belonged to the Duchy of Glogau and after the death of Duke Konrad II. In 1273/74 it passed to his youngest son Primislaus / Primko I. Before 1289 he built a castle in a Slavic market, which he implemented according to German law . Probably only after Primislaus / Primko's death, which fell near Siewierz in 1289 , this market was renamed Przemków / Primkenau by Primko's brothers in memory of him . It was first mentioned in a document under this place name in 1305. For the year 1387 there are four trade guilds as well as the right to brew 63 beer yards. In 1484 Primkenau was implemented under Magdeburg law .

Primkenau was the seat of a large manor house, which came to the aristocratic Rechenberg family in 1391 at the latest . Their line, based in Schlawa , received the Bohemian title of baron under Melchior von Rechenberg in 1611 with the addition of "von Klitschdorf and Primbkenau". From 1737 to 1752 Carl Albert Graf von Roedern owned Primkenau and Petersdorf. When the ownership of the Dobrau Castle between the von Redern and Seherr von Thoss families was transferred around 1750, Primkenau and the surrounding villages of the rulership were purchased in 1781. In the meantime the property went to Heinrich IX. Count Reuss , who built a new residence in Primkenau after 1772. Count Reuss died in 1780 and, as mentioned, his heirs sold Primkenau in 1781 to Karl Ferdinand Siegmund Freiherr von Seherr-Thoß, who sold it on in 1791. The new owner was David Heinrich Freiherr von Bibran und Modlau, with whose death in 1828 his male line died out. His eldest daughter Wilhelmine († 1850), married to Benedikt von Block (Baron von Block-Bibran), who sold Primkenau in 1853 to Duke Christian-August of Schleswig-Holstein († 1869), became the heiress . The ducal family moved to the Primkenau family castle in 1869. The Duke bought large forests and heathland areas from the Petersdorf farmers in order to organize representative hunts between Primkenau and Sprottau. The duke built and expanded the ironworks. His granddaughter Auguste Viktoria married Prince Wilhelm of Prussia in 1881, later Emperor Wilhelm II. The brother-in-law of the German Emperor, Duke Ernst Günther († 1921), built the new palace in Primkenau in 1894/97 based on a design by the court architect Ernst von Ihne . In 1931 the rule of Primkenau came by inheritance to Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia on Oels , who was expropriated in 1945.

As early as 1742, after the First Silesian War , Primkenau, like almost all of Silesia , fell to Prussia . In 1793 the so-called castle community was established in place of the vineyard settlement; The Glogau suburb was built in 1798 and the town hall in 1806. After the reorganization of Prussia, Primkenau belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the Sprottau district from 1816 . In 1874 the district of Primkenau was formed, to which the rural communities Armadebrunn, Haselbach, Karpfreiß , Klein Gläsersdorf , Klein Heinzendorf, Krampf, Langen, Lauterbach, Neuvorwerk, Petersdorf , Primkenau, Schloßgemeinde, Weißig and Wolfersdorf and the manor districts Armadebrunn, Bruch Primkenau, Schloß und Oberwald, Haselbach, Klein Gläsersdorf, Klein Heinzendorf, Krampf, Langen, Lauterbach, Neuvorwerk, Petersdorf , Primkenau, Forst, Weißig and Wolfersdorf belonged to it. In the 19th century, lawn iron stone was extracted in the villages around Primkenau for iron foundry and smelting. This founding of the iron and steel industry was started by Baron von Seherr-Thoß and then further expanded by the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein to form Friedrich Christianshütte, Dorotheenhütte and Henriettenhütte .

On August 15, 1904, sparks from a steam locomotive caused a forest fire in the Primkenauer Forest , in which the village of Neuvorwerk was destroyed and other villages were partially destroyed.

In the turmoil of the aftermath of the war and inflation, there was a "food demonstration" in April 1919 (800 insurgent ironworkers) and on October 19 and 20, 1923. The starving workers searched farmsteads in Klein Gläsersdorf and Petersdorf for food. The mayor was forced to stand on a chair to sing the Internationale , this revolt of the ironworkers was suppressed by massive police violence from Glogau.

On February 10, 1945 Primkenau was captured by Red Army troops. As a result of the Second World War , Primkenau fell to Poland in 1945 and was renamed Przemków . The German population was expelled unless they had already fled . Because of the war damage it had suffered at the end of the war, Przemków initially lost its town charter. After the expansion of the metal industry, it was elevated to an urban-like settlement in 1954 and a town again in 1959.

Attractions

Primkenau Castle around 1860,
Alexander Duncker collection
Primkenau Castle, view of the Primkenau mansion built between 1894 and 1897
  • The castle view from 1860 shows the previous castle in Tudor style . It did not meet the modern requirements of the Holstein ducal family who had moved to Primkenau, so it was demolished. This also served as job creation for the people of Primkenau. Together with the new castle, the ironworks of the ducal family were also expanded. A small garden house was built in the park for the agricultural and horticultural education of the Duke's children. Small cattle were also kept for teaching purposes. The palace, built in 1894/97 by the court architect Ernst von Ihne , burned out at the end of the war in 1945. The ruin was demolished in the 1970s.
  • The parish church of the Assumption of Mary was first mentioned in 1418 and was rebuilt after a fire in 1719 by the Gmünd master builder Johann Blasius Peintner. The main altar was created after 1750 by the sculptor Christian Grunwald, the main altar painting by the painter Franz Urculario. The side altars as well as the pulpit and the baptismal font were made by the sculptor Johann Christein Haberle.
  • The former Protestant church ( now the Polish Orthodox Church of St. Michael ) was built in 1744/46 and rebuilt in 1774/76. In 1871 a redesign was carried out by the Glogau master builder Eckner. The richly decorated pulpit dates from the second half of the 18th century.
  • Watermills: Lauterbach owned an upper mill and a middle mill in 1728, they were paper mills. In Primkenau there was the Georgenmühle. The mill ponds stocked with trout were expanded in the 19th century to keep the three iron works dewatering.

Personalities

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Contemporary history of the cities of Silesia, Volume 3 , p. 74.
  3. Friedrich-Albert Zimmermann: Contributions to the Description of Silesia, Volume 9. Retrieved on November 30, 2019 .
  4. Primkela.
  5. ^ The food demonstrations in Primkenau . primkenau.de. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
  6. p. 442.
  7. Historia ( Polish ) przemkow.pl. Retrieved September 22, 2019.