Rechenberg (Saxon-Silesian noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Silesian von Rechenberg

Rechenberg is the name of a Meissnian nobility family with ancestral seat at Rechenberg Castle in the Eastern Ore Mountains , which was first mentioned there in 1286. It is mentioned as early as 1290 in the Lower Silesian Duchy of Glogau , where it acquired extensive property in the 14th century.

There should be a tribal community with the coats of arms of Haugwitz . However, there is no connection to the Franconian gentlemen von Rechenberg .

history

Rechenberg with the rock spur of Rechenberg Castle

In 1270 the Rechenberg family first appeared in a document with Apitz de Rechenberg . The family's ancestral castle was in Rechenberg in the Ore Mountains , where the Rechenberg ministers of the Bohemian Hrabischitzer (owners of the Riesenburg rule ) were, on a border castle against the Wettins . They named themselves after this castle; the word rake goes back most likely to the coat of arms symbol of the hay rake of the Hrabischitzer. The family line begins with Heinrich von Rechenberg , who appears in Saxon documents in 1286 and 1290. You can find him together with his son Gelferad I as the castle man of Margrave Friedrich I of Meißen at Rochlitz Castle . In 1389, the Wettins acquired the Riesenburg rule with Rechenberg Castle from the Hrabischitzern.

From around 1290, the family participated in the development of the state in the Silesian Duchy of Glogau as part of the German East Settlement . This year a Heinrich von Rechenberg can be detected for the first time in this region. In the 14th century, the family acquired large estates in northern Lower Silesia with over 30 villages and six small towns, including Windischborau (today Borów Polski near Neustädtl ). From 1331/35 the Duchy of Glogau belonged to the countries of the Bohemian crown of the Luxembourg kings, when the Silesian Piasts became their liege recipients . In the 14th century, the German locators were still mostly building hilltop towers , for example the Rechenberg built the Motte Dittersbach (Zwierzyniec) near Herzogswaldau or acquired the ducal-Glogauian castellany motte in Polish Tarnów (Tarnów Jezierny), which they owned until the end of the 16th century. Century.

In 1391 Schloss Klitschdorf and Wehrau came into the possession of the family and remained so for almost 300 years, including Primkenau around the same time . In 1426, Caspar von Rechenberg was a captain to protect the city of Aussig against the Hussites . Caspar von Rechenberg was governor of the Principality of Sagan from 1458 to 1499 . In 1468 the town of Schlawa came into the possession of the von Rechenberg family and from 1506 belonged to the Kingdom of Bohemia. After the uprising of the estates in Bohemia (1618) and the battle of the White Mountain , the property of the Rechenberg family in Schlawa was confiscated. Deutsch Wartenberg , which came into the possession of the family in 1516 , triggered a decade-long inheritance dispute with Hans Ernst Freiherr von und zu Sprinzenstein , imperial colonel and chamber president, from 1610 , which the latter won as a Catholic against the Protestant Rechenbergers.

Ernst von Rechenberg was imperial councilor and governor in Upper Lusatia in 1556 . In Upper Lusatia, the family bought Lodenau , Rothenburg and Cunnersdorf . Melchior von Rechenberg was governor of the County of Glatz from 1589 to 1601 .

Hans von Rechenberg , mercenary leader in the service of the Polish Jagiellonian King John I and his successors, was raised to the status of imperial baron in 1534 . In 1611, the line with Melchior von Rechenberg residing in Schlawa received the Bohemian title of baron with the addition of Klitschdorf and Primbkenau . In 1703, Leopold Friedrich Freiherr von Rechenberg auf Pläswitz (today the municipality of Udanin ), Zückelnick and Johnsdorf in the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer , kk chamberlain and chamber vice-president in Silesia, received the title of count .

Johann Georg von Rechenberg auf Cunnersdorf , Oberlausitz, was Oberhofmarschall from 1656 and Prime Minister of Elector Johann Georg II from 1658. Ulrich Maximilian von Rechenberg bought Podelwitz Castle in 1691 and had it renovated and stuccoed so extensively that he was forced to is to sell it again three years later.

After losing their Silesian possessions in the 17th and 18th centuries, the members of the Rechenberg family initially lived in the Kingdom of Saxony . Since the beginning of the 20th century they have been living in Germany, France, the USA, Australia and with their own branch in Switzerland.

coat of arms

A black ram's head in red. A ram growing on the helmet. With the Silesian family Haugwitz coat of arms and tribal relatives. The barons carry an increased coat of arms: shield of red and gold quartered. In fields 1 and 4 the family coat of arms. In fields 2 and 3 a crowned eagle breaking out of the division. Two helmets with the ram, both turned outwards. Both have three red, gold and red ostrich feathers on their heads. The helmet covers are red and black on the right, gold and black on the left.

Known family members

literature

  • Wolfrad Freiherr von Rechenberg: The von Rechenberg family: From their origin to the Counter Reformation , epubli Verlag (2016), 248 pages
  • Johann Georg Theodor Graesse : Gender, name and coat of arms sagas of the nobility of the German nation. Dresden 1876, pp. 128–129.
  • Johann August Ernst Köhler : Book of legends of the Erzgebirge. Reprint: Georg Olms, Hildesheim 1978, ISBN 3-487-06639-4 , pp. 403-405.
  • Otto Titan von Hefner : J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms. in a new, increased edition, 1885, pp. 62-63.
  • Quarterly publication for coat of arms, seal and family studies. 14th year 1886, pp. 490–502.
  • Eduard Dewitz: History of the Bunzlau district. Naumburg am Queis 1885. (Information on the Silesian branch of the Rechenberg auf Klitschdorf family ).
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of baronial houses, 1874, S.554ff with history

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dominik Nowakowski: Manorial rule and social structures in medieval Silesia. Noble business in the Duchy of Glogau using the example of the career of the von Rechenberg family , in: Aleksander Paron / Sebastien Rossignol / Bartlomej Szmoniewski / Grischa Vercamer (eds.), Potestas et communitas. Interdisciplinary contributions on the nature and representation of power relations in the Middle Ages east of the Elbe , Wrocław / Warszawa 2010, pp. 227–244
  2. ↑ Felix Biermann / Dominik Nowalkowski / standards Posselt, Medieval tower hill in the northern Silesian Lowland , in: castles, castle Journal of Research and Preservation, 2/2017, pp 91-106, ed. v. European Castle Institute , here p. 93
  3. ↑ Biermann / Nowalkowski / Posselt, p. 95