Liebenwerda district
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The district of Liebenwerda , until 1938 district of Liebenwerda , was a district that existed in the Prussian province of Saxony or in the state of Saxony-Anhalt of the SBZ or GDR from 1816 to 1952. District seat was Liebenwerda . The former district area today belongs to the districts of Elbe-Elster and Oberspreewald-Lausitz in the state of Brandenburg and, to a small extent, to the district of North Saxony in Saxony .
geography
The district of Liebenwerda had a size of 793 km² and was located in the Breslau-Magdeburg glacial valley about 120 km south of Berlin. The Black Elster crossed the district from southeast to northwest. The Elbe formed the border in the southwest. In 1907 the district had 63,221 inhabitants and thus a population density of 80 inhabitants per square kilometer. A third of the population worked in agriculture.
Liebenwerda district was located in the easternmost part of the administrative district Merseburg and thus also in the easternmost part of the province of Saxony . It was between 51 ° 47 'and 51 ° 40' north latitude and 30 ° 47 'and 31 ° 27' east longitude. In the north the counties excluded Luckau and Schweinitz , in the west of Torgau , in the southwest, the Amtshauptmannschaft Oschatz , in the south of the Amtshauptmannschaft Großenhain , and in the east the districts of Hoyerswerda and Calau to the county Liebenwerda.
history
Kingdom of Prussia
The Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna was to 1 October 1816 in the area of the Saxon Office Liebenwerda Saxon offices and parts Hayn and Muhlberg the district Liebenwerda in the administrative district of Merseburg in the Prussian province of Saxony furnished. The district office was in the city of Liebenwerda. As part of a subsequent correction of the original district boundaries, the places Bahnsdorf , Friedrichsluga, Gräfendorf and Neudeck were reclassified from the Liebenwerda district to the Schweinitz district .
North German Confederation / German Empire
Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 18, 1871 to the German Empire . The city of Liebenwerda was given the nickname "Bad" in 1925, but the district kept its name. On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Liebenwerda district, as in the rest of Prussia, in which almost all independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities . Since the dissolution of the province of Saxony on July 1, 1944, the district has belonged to the new province of Halle-Merseburg , administrative district of Merseburg.
Soviet occupation zone / German Democratic Republic
In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by Soviet troops . In 1947, after the dissolution of Prussia, the province of Halle-Merseburg was renamed the state of Saxony-Anhalt . The Liebenwerda district remained. As part of the dissolution of the states in the GDR , a comprehensive district reform was carried out in 1952 :
- The city of Uebigau and the communities of Bomsdorf , Drasdo , Falkenberg / Elster , Kölsa , Langennaundorf , Munich / Elster , Schmerkendorf and Wiederau came to the Herzberg district in the Cottbus district .
- The city of Ortrand and the communities of Frauwalde , Großkmehlen , Grünewalde , Kleinkmehlen , Kleinleipisch and Lauchhammer came to the Senftenberg district in the Cottbus district.
- The communities Blumberg and Stehla came to the Torgau district in the Leipzig district .
- The remaining communities formed the Bad Liebenwerda district , which was assigned to the Cottbus district.
Land reform 1945
The land reform fund included:
- 27 properties over 100 hectares (ha) with 6,490 ha
- 40 farms under 100 ha 1,698 ha
- 3 state estates with an area of 9,393 ha
The land was distributed:
- 395 farm workers and landless farmers 1,596 ha
- 1001 poor farmers 1,853 ha
- 125 small tenants 261 ha
- 178 resettlers 1,315 ha
- 567 industrial workers and salaried employees 598 ha
- 86 farmers with 5 to 15 hectares of land received 152 hectares of forest
- 41 rural communities received forest, building land, roads 634 ha
- Cities received 21 ha
- 9 committees of the Association of Mutual Farmers Aid 208 ha
- The provincial administration received 7,603 ha of forest
The following estates were formed from the remaining 1,790 hectares:
- Blumberg-Packisch (transferred to Torgau district in 1952 )
- Neumühl
- Schraden Red Bush House
- Prieschka
- Thalberg pond
Population development
year | Residents | of which male | of which female | Inhabitants / km² |
---|---|---|---|---|
1816 | 25,688 | |||
1840 | 33,484 | |||
1864 | 43,172 | |||
1871 | 43,967 | |||
1875 | 44,722 | |||
1880 | 46,715 | |||
1885 | 47,853 | |||
1907 | 63.221 | |||
1925 | 74,839 | |||
1939 | 88,018 | 44,407 | 43,611 | 111 |
1949 | 111,891 | 50,464 | 61,427 | 141 |
Politics and administration
District administrators
Term of office | Surname |
---|---|
1816-1843 | Carl Georg Friedrich von Rechenberg |
1843-1851 | Friedrich Wilhelm von Rohrscheidt |
1851-1854 | Rougher |
1854-1885 | Carl Heinrich von Schaper |
1885-1900 | Ernst von Bredow |
1901-1904 | Friedrich Wilhelm von Obernitz |
1904-1920 | Claus von Borcke |
1920-1925 | Max Vogl |
1925-1945 | Georg Röhrig |
1945-1949 | Paul Paulick |
from 1949 | Paul Gasche |
elections
Name d. choice | Election year | KPD | SPD | DNVP | DVP | NSDAP | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reichstag election | 1919 | - | 11,481 | 4,006 | 1.924 | - | |
Reichstag election | 1920 | 914 | 5,164 | 7,219 | 4,480 | - | |
Reichstag election | 1924 | 7,197 | 7,349 | 10,770 | 4,322 | 975 | |
Reichstag election | 1928 | 7,339 | 8,806 | 6,589 | 3,619 | 1,222 | |
Reichstag election | 1930 | 10,087 | 8,450 | 2,332 | 3,598 | 7,252 | |
Reichstag election | 07/31/1932 | 8,564 | 3,503 | 4,006 | 562 | 20,490 | |
Reichstag election | 11/06/1932 | 7,568 | 4,406 | 4,006 | 1.109 | 17,734 | |
Name d. choice | Election day | Eligible to vote | voter turnout | SED | LDP | CDU | VdgB |
District election | October 20, 1946 | 71,016 | 93.5% | 23,758 | 14,168 | 21,699 | 2,611 |
State election | October 20, 1946 | 71.008 | 93.7% | 23,912 | 14,250 | 21,765 | 2,600 |
coat of arms
The coat of arms bears a black cross bar on a silver shield, on which the coat of arms of the old Margraviate of Meissen - a black, upright lion with a red tongue on a gold background - is placed in the middle . The upper part of the coat of arms shows four, the lower part three towers. The seven castles Mückenberg , Elsterwerda , Saathain , Würdenhain , Liebenwerda , Wahrenbrück and Uebigau , shown in the coat of arms , were built on the left bank of the Black Elster to secure land around 800 years ago. Traces of these once mighty castles can still be seen today in the castles of Mückenberg, Saathain, Elsterwerda, Übigau and the Lubwart Tower in Bad Liebenwerda . The castles of Wahrenbrück and Würdenhain are documented, but have now completely disappeared. The black wavy bar indicates the Black Elster as the river of fate of the district, and the coat of arms of the old margraviate expresses the affiliation of the district area to the margraviate of Meißen. The coat of arms was made in the Magdeburg State Archives according to ideas from history lovers and local researchers. The coat of arms is no longer an official coat of arms and is used by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. in Bad Liebenwerda used as the club's coat of arms.
Administrative structure
The district of Liebenwerda was divided into cities, rural communities and - until they were almost completely dissolved in 1929 - into independent manor districts. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts .
The Torgau Regional Court and the Naumburg Regional Court were responsible for the three local courts in Liebenwerda, Elsterwerda and Mühlberg . The Liebenwerda tax office was subordinate to the state tax office in Magdeburg.
After 1885, the military administration of the Liebenwerda district was subordinate to the IV Army Corps ( Magdeburg General Command ). When the Wehrmacht was founded in 1935, the Wehrmeldeamt belonged to the military district of Großenhain in Wehrkreis IV (military substitute district of Dresden).
The Catholic parishes have been under the Archdiocese of Paderborn , more precisely the Diocese of Magdeburg, since 1821 . The regional church of the Protestant communities was the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union , specifically the Church Province of Saxony .
The following administrative authorities existed until 1919:
Royal District Office
- 1 district administrator
- 2 district deputies
- 1 district secretary
- 1 district assistant
- 1 circular messenger
- 1 district doctor / 1 district veterinarian
Chairman of the income tax assessment commission, the appraisal committee of the tax committees for trade tax classes III and IV in the Liebenwerda district
- 1 chairman (usually district administrator)
- 1 deputy
- 1 tax secretary
- 1 tax supernumerary
Royal district treasury in Liebenwerda
- 1 rentmaster
Royal land registry office in Liebenwerda
- 1 cadastral inspector
- 1 cadastral draftsman
Royal Building Department in Torgau
- 1 district building inspector
District local government
- 1st district council
- Chairman: District Administrator
- District MPs
- A. From the electoral associations of the cities (approx. 6)
- B: From the electoral association of the rural communities (approx. 11)
- C. From the electoral association of the larger rural landowners (approx. 11)
- 2. District Committee
- 1 chairman, (approx. 6 members)
- 1 district committee secretary
- 1 county road builder
- 1 district meadow builder
- 1 district committee assistant
District municipal treasury
- 1 rendant
Kreissparkasse
- 1 redant
- 1 controller
- 1 district savings bank assistant
- 3 members of the Board of Trustees
District commission of the fire society in the former Duchy of Saxony
- 1 district director
- 1 commissioner
Commissions
- Income tax assessment committee (5-6 elected and appointed members)
- Supplementary Tax Assessment Committee (4-6 elected and appointed members)
- Tax committees for trade tax classes II and IV (approx. 5 members per class, 5 deputies per class)
- Building tax assessment committee (1 chairman, 2 members)
- Substitute commission (1 military chairman, 1 civil chairman, 4 members)
- Experts to assess the damage to the land caused by military exercises (6 members)
- Horse eviction commission
- for the Liebenwerda collection area (3 appraisers with 3 deputies)
- for Elsterwerda elimination district (3 appraisers with 3 deputies)
- Commission to determine occupancy based on the District Management Act
- Arbitrators in animal disease matters (approx. 51 arbitrators)
- Licensing committee for bulls
- for the show office Elsterwerda (1 chairman, 1 vice chairman, 3 + 1 members)
- for the Liebenwerda Show Office (1 chairman, 1 vice chairman, 3 + 1 members)
Cities, municipalities and manor districts
As far as is known, the cities and municipalities of the district have their first documentary mention and the name given at that time.
Status 1952
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Municipalities dissolved before 1952
- Altbelgern , to Martinskirchen, "Altenbelgern", 1240
- Biehla , 1940 to Elsterwerda, "Bele" 1267
- Bockwitz , 1950 to Lauchhammer, "Buckuwitz", November 28, 1267
- Boragk , 1939 to Altenau "Bore" 1251
- Dolsthaida , 1950 to Lauchhammer
- Köttlitz , 1940 to Mühlberg, "Kethelitz" 1251
- Krauschütz , 1940 to Elsterwerda, "Krawschwitz", 1406
- Lehndorf , 1938 zu Koßdorf, "Lengendorph", 1251
- Lönnewitz , 1950 zu Koßdorf, "Lonewiz", 1251
- Mückenberg , joined Lauchhammer in 1950
- Naundorf , 1929 to Lauchhammer
- Seifertsmühl , in Merzdorf in 1939
- Vineyards near Liebenwerda , 1939 in Bad Liebenwerda
- Vineyards near Mühlberg , 1940 in Mühlberg
- Wenzendorf , 1938 zu Koßdorf, "Wencendorp", January 21, 1230
Manor districts dissolved before 1929
After 1929, the two community-free districts of Amtsheide and Forst Liebenwerda remained in the district.
traffic
Since the Middle Ages, the Niederstraße has run through the district in a west-east direction . At Wahrenbrück, another road led north via Herzberg. At Elsterwerda a road from Gross Hayn led further north via Dobrilugk. In 1827 Prussia opened the State Office No. 62, which led from Jüterbog to Dresden through the district. With the increasing expansion of the rail network, new economically important junctions were created. The street village of Falkenberg / Elster quickly gained in importance with the construction of the Jüterbog – Röderau railway in 1848. Ortrand got a train station in 1870 on the Großenhain – Cottbus railway . The Falkenberg – Kohlfurt , which tied the district town of Liebenwerda with Biehla to the Lower Silesian Kohlfurt , went from Falkenberg / Elster in 1874 . Elsterwerda followed in 1875 with the construction of the Berlin – Dresden railway line . The Prussian provincial government tried to develop plans to regulate the Black Elster , but these could not be finally implemented until 1863. Nevertheless, it was not possible to make the Black Elster economically navigable. Even Detlev Carl von Einsiedel had tried with ships on the Black Elster bog iron, or to transport lignite.
literature
- Sebastian Rick : The development of the SED dictatorship in the countryside. The districts of Liebenwerda and Schweinitz in the Soviet occupation zone 1945–1949 (= publications of the Hannah Arendt Institute for Research on Totalitarianism , Volume 58). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-36970-8 .
Web links
- Liebenwerda district at territorial.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gustav Tränkner: The cultivation of soil in 1913 in the districts of Torgau, Wittenberg, Schweinitz and Liebenwerda Inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate from a high philosophy faculty at the University of Leipzig, 1928
- ^ District statistics from April 3, 1948, Central Administration for Statistics, Bad Liebenwerda district office
- ^ "Chronicle of the City of Bad Liebenwerda", 2007
- ↑ territorial.de
- ^ Liebenwerdaer Kreisblatt , No. 86, 1932, special electoral edition Nov. 1932
- ↑ Karl Fizkow: Local calendar of the Liebenwerda district 1941
- ^ Page of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V.
- ↑ Local calendar of the Bad Liebenwerda district 1959
- ↑ Die Schwarze Elster No. 3 (580), 1981
- ↑ Detailed and recognized chronicle of the place by Rudolf Matthies, long-time local chronicler and employee of the Museum of Prehistory and Early History in Potsdam ( Memento of the original from April 16, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.