Marienstern Monastery
The Marienstern Monastery (formerly also called Güldenstern ) was a Cistercian convent in the city of Mühlberg / Elbe in what is now the state of Brandenburg. Since 2000, the Fathers of the Order of the Claretians have been trying to revive the monastery , which was dissolved by the Reformation in the 16th century, on behalf of the Bishop of Magdeburg , Gerhard Feige .
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history
The monastery was founded in 1228 by a foundation of the brothers Otto and Bodo von Ileburg . The approval of the conversion of the parish church of Mühlberg into a monastery church was confirmed by Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious of Meissen, from whom the monastery also received donations. In 1539 the monastery was secularized during the Reformation .
Monastery church
The monastery church is a large single-nave, five-bay, cross-shaped brick building from the 13th century with a lengthy architectural history. A more precise reconstruction of the course of construction is made more difficult by a renovation at the beginning of the 20th century.
Building history
The construction was apparently started in the east around 1225/30. A basilical plan was then probably rejected again soon, as can be seen from the southern transept. After several attempts and gradual elevation of the eastern parts with apses on the two-bay choir and on the cross arms, the building was executed in uniform early Gothic forms. Originally no vault was planned; towards the end of the 13th century, however, the choir, the crossing and the eastern nave yoke were uniformly vaulted. The single-nave nave was added in the first half of the 14th century and finally completed with the western front at the end of the 15th century.
After the abolition of the monastery and temporarily vacant, the building was set up as the parish church of the old town in 1565, with the parts to the west of the south portal without vaults and, like the cross arms, separated by a partition.
A comprehensive restoration with regotization and the erection of the roof turret over the crossing was carried out in the years 1901 to 1906. Since 1950, especially after storm damage in 1962, the church was endangered by neglect and decay due to the use of the monastery buildings by an LPG . Security measures have been in place since 1979. The restoration of the monastery church (from 1992) and the refectory were funded by the German Foundation for Monument Protection , among others . In another severe storm on May 24, 2010 , the roof turret of the monastery church was destroyed.
architecture
The eastern parts are largely uniform. There are strong buttresses on the choir and transept, and a cross-arched frieze runs under the eaves . Undivided lancet windows are arranged in double panels in the polygonally broken apses of the choir and south transept . The apse of the older north transept is slightly three-pass shaped in the lower part . There are two bands of three windows each, the lower lancet-shaped, the upper smaller and almost round-arched.
The southern transept front is designed as a show side. It has a laterally shifted pointed arch portal with structures in sandstone and brick from the second half of the 13th century. Above it are two high lancet windows and three pointed arches in the gable. The polygonal stair tower was added in 1576 as access to a school choir. The high turret over the crossing comes from the restoration from 1901 to 1906 and had to be renewed after 1991 and after the storm in 2010.
The three-and-a-half bay nave is simple. On the south side, the arrangement of the windows is two-zone because of the nuns' gallery that was once built there. Cross panels filled with crosses are arranged between every two windows. On the north side, the lower zone has no windows because of the cloister that was originally connected there.
The rich west facade shows a central portal made of sandstone and is structured with two rows of pointed arches of equal height. The stepped gable is structured by rising, partly openwork pointed arches and is crowned by an octagonal gable tower with a hood from the period 1901/06. The brick pinnacles on the gable were also damaged in the 2010 storm. The sacristy was added to the north transept facade around 1240. Inside it shows an altar from the construction period and a keel arch niche in the south wall .
Inside, the uniform spatial effect of the church is mainly due to the restoration. The details in the choir are made of sandstone. Under the windows in each yoke there are two pointed arch niches, each with a double arcade on a sandstone column with a bud cap. The transept shows traces of the plan changes, for example a now walled-up pointed arch opening in the southwest, which was once intended to connect to the aisle. Changing plans can also be seen on the vaults. The north transept received the vault during the restoration, as did the two west bays of the nave.
A Christ's head is depicted in the keystone of the eastern choir bay, and a Christ enthroned from around 1300 in the apex of the western crossing arch. The evangelist symbols of Mark and Matthew are attached to the side, the corresponding symbols of John and Luke are attached to the keystones of the crossing and the eastern nave vault.
In the apse there are figural stained glass by Fritz Geiges from 1903, who also painted the church in remnants.
Furnishing
The furnishings have been lost except for the winged altar donated in 1566 (now in the town church in Mühlberg) and other furnishings that are now kept in Burxdorf and Saxdorf . In the monastery church only a stone figure of Moses is preserved as a support for the pulpit from 1613; other remains of the pulpit were partly lost due to theft in the early 1980s. In the second yoke there is a raised glazed box from the second half of the 17th century. Numerous epitaphs and tombs have been preserved, even if severely damaged in many cases.
Monastery building
The cloister is located north of the monastery church. It consisted of two-story brick buildings that were destroyed several times by fire. From the cloister only remains in the form of are canceled 1594 shield arches on the northern longitudinal wall of the church preserved. In place of the cloister, a corridor around the inner courtyard was built after 1990 without reference to the historical building.
The west wing is a two-story brick building that was renovated as a mansion in 1717 and restored in 1980. The tracery gables over the narrow sides and a hall with cell vaults on the ground floor have been preserved from the late Gothic extension (according to dendrochronological dating (d) in 1533) . The north wing with the refectory was largely destroyed in a fire in 1991 and the exterior was then restored. The east wing was demolished after 1594 and has now been replaced by a modern new building.
Among the other buildings are the former hospitium west of the cloister and the new priory. The hospitium is a plastered two-storey brick building with a barrel-vaulted, ogival passage, which has a stair tower with a hood on the north side.
The Neue Propstei is a two-story brick building on an approximately H-shaped floor plan, which is used as a city museum. It was built in 1531 (d) and expanded by a new owner after 1554. The core building shows two splendid tracery gables made of interpenetrating circular shapes. Inside, wall paintings from the construction period are partially preserved. The so-called convent hall from around 1554 is furnished with ceiling and wall paintings and a late Gothic fireplace.
Mention should also be made of the manor Güldenstern west of the monastery in the park, which was built in 1898/99 for Justizrat Winterfeldt by Otto Stahn in a moderate Art Nouveau style. Southeast of the monastery church is the grave chapel of the Winterfeldt family, a brick building under a gable roof in neo-Romanesque forms, which was also built in 1917/18 according to a design by Otto Stahn. Remains of a late Gothic monastery wall made of field stone and brick are preserved between the monastery church and the New Propstei. In addition, the area of the monastery in the east is surrounded by a high brick wall from 1536.
Abbey building
Former refectory
New dormitory
Hospitium
New provost house
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literature
- Carl Robert Bertram: Chronicle of the city and the cloister Mühlberg . Torgau 1865 ( e-copy ).
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 , pp. 672–678.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mühlberg. Claretian , accessed April 27, 2019 .
- ↑ Windhose devastated Mühlberg in just seven minutes.
Web links
- Entry in the monument database of the State of Brandenburg
- Website of the Marienstern Monastery
- Information on the building history of parts of the Marienstern Monastery
- Marienstern Monastery after the storm , picture gallery at Monuments Online
Coordinates: 51 ° 26 ′ 9.5 ″ N , 13 ° 13 ′ 9.6 ″ E