Eulenburg (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those at Eulenburg

The lords, counts and princes of Eulenburg (formerly von Ileburg ) belong to the Upper Saxon nobility , who first appeared in a document with Conradus de Ilburg 1170–1197 and began the uninterrupted lineage with Otto de Yleborch 1199.

They were ministerials of the Wettins on the Ileburg (today Eilenburg ) in the margraviate of Meißen and lords of Mühlberg / Elbe . Ousted by their sovereigns, they went to the margravate Niederlausitz , which was under Bohemian rule, around 1350 , where they acquired the dominions of Sonnewalde , Forst and Pförten . From the early 15th century they also owned castles in the Kingdom of Bohemia , where a line Barons of Ilburg went, which became extinct there in 1538, while the other line of Eylenburg and later Eulenburg , in 1460 to the land of the Teutonic Order by East Prussia moved. There she acquired Gallingen in 1468 and later other goods, including 1547 Prassen and 1766 Wicken , all of which were held until the expulsion in 1945. The East Prussian line also rose to the baron and in 1786 to the count; the branch, which has been based in the Brandenburg Castle of Liebenberg since 1867, was raised to the hereditary Prussian prince's status in 1900 under the name zu Eulenburg and Hertefeld .

history

origin

The family, which first appeared in a document from 1170–1197 with Conradus de Illburg and with the same Conradus de Hilburch in 1181 at Halle under the ministerials of the Margraves of Meißen, began the reliable line of tribe in 1199 with Otto von Ileburg . The ministerial family of the Ileburger provided the bailiffs of the Counts of Eilenburg ( Heinrich I. von Eilenburg , Heinrich II. And Dietrich ) from the Wettin family, who died out in the 12th century .

The coat of arms of Botho de Ileburg can already be found on a coat of arms of the Quedlinburg cathedral treasure made shortly after 1209 , presumably as a vassal or ministerial of his liege Dietrich von Meißen . At the beginning of the 13th century, the Ileburgers were enfeoffed by the Wettiners with the Eilenburg castle and ruled over the city of Ileburg (today Eilenburg ); They are also the owners of the Mühlberg castle and estate , where the brothers Otto and Bodo von Ileburg founded the Marienstern monastery in 1228 .

distribution

At the end of the 14th century, the Margraves of Meißen got rid of some of the noble families who had become too powerful for them, partly by force (according to the Burgrave of Dohna ), partly by purchase. The Ileburger now entered into foreign services, Otto Wend von Ileburg (1319-1370) was margravial Brandenburg councilor, Botho von Ileburg 1350 royal Bohemian bailiff of Lower Lusatia , where the family had already acquired the rule of Sonnewalde around 1318-1328 . Lower Lusatia was one of the countries of the Bohemian Crown . Botho was the common progenitor of the Barons von Ilburg , who settled in Bohemia at the beginning of the 15th century (and died there in 1538) and that of Eulenburg , who went to East Prussia in the middle of the 15th century.

In 1352 Katharina von Ileburg was enfeoffed by the Bohemian and German King Charles IV with the rule of Forst in the margraviate of Niederlausitz and soon after with the neighboring rule of Pförten . In 1376 the Ileburger sold their Meissen fiefdom Eilenburg to Thimo von Colditz , from whom it reverted to Wilhelm I of Meissen in 1402 . In 1397 they also sold Mühlberg and were finally out of the Wettin lands.

The forest rulership was sold to the Biebersteiner as early as 1380 , the Pförten rulership in 1454. Botho the Elder (1379–1430) moved to Sonnewalde in 1414 and acquired the Egerberk Castle in Bohemia with its rulership, which was lost in a feud in 1444. The son Botho the Younger (1430-1480) was from 1450 governor of Lower Lusatia . The later Counts of Eulenburg in East Prussia descend from him, because his son Wend moved to the Teutonic Order , where he was enfeoffed with Gallingen in 1468 . In 1477 Sonnewalde was also sold. With that, the family had also left Niederlausitz. She was now based in Bohemia and East Prussia.

Bohemian line

Botho the Younger (1379–1434), also called Buda von Ilburg , was a pawn and from 1426 burgrave at Elbogen Castle (Loket) in Bohemia , a large royal frontier fortress that he successfully defended against attacks by the Hussites . His son Wilhelm I († September 11, 1489), sub-chamberlain of the Kingdom of Bohemia , acquired the dominion of Ronov (Ronburg) in the Leitmeritz district in 1434 , as well as the neighboring Taboritenburg Kelch . During the Wartenberg feud , Ilburg participated in incursions into the areas of the cities of Zittau and Görlitz , so in 1437 the troops of the Upper Lusatian Six- City Association stormed the Kelchburg and burned it down. In 1457 he also acquired the Helfenburg as well as Budenice and Mscheno . He was a big fan of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady , but turned away from him in later years. Wilhelm I of Ilburg is buried in the church at Charvatce near Mscheno .

With his death, his possessions passed to his only son Wilhelm II († 1538). Already in 1508 he became captain of the Leitmeritz district, later also governor of Upper Lusatia (1517–1519). The Ilburgs now belonged to the Bohemian gentry class until they died out in 1538 , according to the oldest gentlemen's class from 1501 they took 15th place there. In 1518, Wilhelm II also acquired Lämberg Castle and its lordship, which he expanded into his residence, as well as Woltarik Castle and Hauenstein Castle . Without male descendants, the inheritance first went to his widow Agnes, born in 1538. Countess von Helfenstein , later to the only daughter Anna, married von Kurzbach , and after her death in 1554 to her sons Wilhelm and Heinrich II. Von Kurzbach zu Trachenberg.

Genealogical details

With Botho Freiherr von Ilburg (Otik z Ilburka), lord of the Veste Knöschitz (Knezice near Poderam in the Saazer Kreis), 1403 burgrave of the bishop of Prague zu Bischofteinitz and died before 1437, the line of the Ilburg in Bohemia began . His son Wenzel, 1422–1428 Burgrave of Eger ( Cheb ), lord of the castles Hauenstein (in the district of Sankt Joachimsthal in western Bohemia ) and Himmelstein died in 1442. His son Puta, burgrave and pledgee of Ellbogen, lord of the castles Hauenstein and Himmelstein (also " Wartburg “) in the Kaaden district, died around 1460. His son Wilhelm (the elder) Freiherr von Ilburg, auf Hauenstein, Himmelstein and Helfenstein (near Auscha ), 1496 state sub-chamberlain in the Kingdom of Bohemia, died in 1489, was buried in Charwatetz and was married to Magdalena Frein von Kolditz, daughter of Thimo Freiherrn von Kolditz, royal Bohemian governor of Upper Lusatia, and had three children; the two daughters: Katharina, was married to Albrecht Biwowsky Freiherr von Leuchtenburg, on Vöttau; in 2nd marriage, signed before 1464 with Bohuslaw Merzircziczky Freiherr von Lomnicz auf Meseritz, and Anna married Albrecht the younger Freiherr Berka von Dub and Leipa (from the House of Hinstein). With his son Wilhelm (the younger) Freiherr von Ilburg and Ronow (Romburg) († 1538), lord of Lämberg Castle in Northern Bohemia , royal Bohemian governor of Upper Lusatia, married to Agnes Countess von Helfenstein († before 1533), the Ilburg in Bohemia went out in the male line. He was buried in Charwatetz near Libochovice . The daughter Anna, on Lämberg, Helfenburg and Ronow , was first married to Johann Freiherr von Kurzbach and Trachenberg and Miltitz, a free clerk in Silesia, and her second marriage to Ludwig Freiherr von Kolowrat -Bezdruziczky on Kornhaus. Her sons Wilhelm and Heinrich the Elder Baron von Kurzbach zu Trachenberg and Miltitz inherited Ronow, Helfenburg and Lämberg.

East Prussian Line

The following paragraphs are not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
Gallingen Castle , owned by the family from 1468 to 1945

The East Prussian line goes back to Botho VIII von Ileburg (1430–1480), who had been bailiff of (Lower) Lusatia since 1450 . His son Wend V. von Ileburg (before 1454–1488) moved with his father's auxiliary army to East Prussia and stayed there to assert his claims against the Teutonic Order . In 1468, Wend V. was enfeoffed with the Gallingen property . He married Anna von Königsegg adH Skandau. His grandson Botho XI exchanged the Skandau goods from this marriage. 1547 against the Prassen estate . The two sons from the marriage of Wends V. with Anna von Königsegg, Botho X. (1469–1564) and Wend VI. von Ileburg, founded the houses Leuneburg-Prassen-Tolksdorf and Gallingen-Kinkheim .

The grandson Wend VI. zu Eylenburg (1549–1629) married Elisabeth Truchsess Freiin zu Waldburg-Capustigall adH Wildenhof († 1611) and in 1589 built the castle at Gallingen. Their son Gottfried zu Eylenburg (1598–1660) held the dignity of Oberburggrave from 1653 and from 1654 that of the Prussian court master. With him, the Gallingen line died out for the first time, so that Gallingen fell to Botho Heinrich zu Eylenburg on Tolksdorf. Gottfried's cousin Baron Jonas Casimir von Eulenburg (1614–1667) on Prassen-Leuneburg and Schönberg was the state colonel over the Prussian militias and the Prussian coins, major general as well as district director and electoral chamberlain.

In 1656 he traveled to the Russian Tsar as the representative of the Great Elector and brokered his armistice with Sweden. From 1660 to 1663 he presided over the three-year parliament. His grandson, the Obermarschall and Real Secret Budget and War Minister Baron Gottfried zu Eylenburg (1676–1742) at Prassen and Romsdorf, who married Countess Katharina von Wallenrodt , also became heir to the Gallingen estates in 1734. His son Albrecht Wilhelm (1704–1772) gained possession of Wicken through his wife Charlotte von Tettau in 1766 ; He also inherited the Prassen property in 1769 from his childless brother Christoph Heinrich. With that all East Prussian goods of the Eulenburgs were united in one hand. The only son, Ernst Christoph zu Eulenburg (1754–1796), who was married to Hedwig Countess von der Groeben , was raised to the Prussian count status in 1786. As the sole heir, he founded the four Eulenburg lines that still exist today through his sons: Wilhelm, Heinrich, Ernst and Friedrich.

With the end of the Second World War , all family properties in East Prussia, Silesia and Brandenburg are lost.

Wilhelmsche or Prasser line

The heir of the Majorate Prassen-Leunenburg , Botho Wilhelm Graf zu Eulenburg (1778–1865), married Wilhelmine von Klüchtzner . The only son of this marriage, Elimar Graf zu Eulenburg (1808–1849), married Bertha Burggräfin and Countess zu Dohna - Schlodien , their son Richard (1838–1909), country steward, euphemie von Tschirschky -Reichell. This marriage brought the Eulenburgs the Schlanz estate (today Krzyżowice , rural municipality Kobierzyce ) in Lower Silesia . After the death of Richard's son Friedrich (1874–1931), who had also acquired the Döhrings estate, a new one with Werner Graf zu Eulenburg (1908–1989) was formed next to the Prassen headquarters, which Mortimer (1905–1994) took over Silesian line of the Eulenburgs in Schlanz.

  • Prassen Castle , East Prussia (now Poland); meanwhile ruin

  • Schlanz Castle, Lower Silesia (Poland)

Heinrichscher or Wicker line

The allodial goods of Wicken came from Wenzeslaus Heinrich Graf zu Eulenburg (1779–1842), who married Charlotte Countess Finck von Finckenstein , to their only son, the Landhofmeister Botho zu Eulenburg (1804–1879); he married Therese Countess von Dönhoff - Friedrichstein . In 1879 the Wickens inheritance fell to all three sons, namely the Prussian Prime Minister Botho zu Eulenburg (1831–1912), the Oberhofmarschall and Minister of the Royal House of August (1838–1921), as well as the General of the Cavalry Carl Graf zu Eulenburg ( 1843-1919). The latter took over the Wicken estate in sole ownership and bequeathed it to his son Siegfried (1870–1960) after his death.

  • Wicken Castle , East Prussia, demolished after 1945, today Russia (Kaliningrad exclave)

Ernst or Gallinger line

The Gallinger fiefdoms came from Count Alexander Ernst zu Eulenburg (1781–1845) (vh. M. Friederike von Rautter ), to their only son Ludwig Botho (1811–1867, vh. M. Malwine Countess and Countess of Dohna-Schlodien). The only son Arthur (1853–1905) married Elisabeth Freiin von Esebeck . Son Botho Wendt (1883–1945), married to Emily Staël von Holstein , adopted as the last of his line Udo Graf zu Eulenburg adH Prassen as heir; he took it up in 1942.

Friedrichsche or later Liebenberger, today Hertefeldsche line

Friedrich- Leopold Graf zu Eulenburg (1787–1845) was the youngest who inherited his father's Eulenburg house in Königsberg. He married Amalie von Kleist and took over her East Prussian property Perkuiken , which was lost in 1830 as a result of the Napoleonic wars .

  • Eulenburg House , ul.Frunze 13, Kaliningrad, Russia (formerly Koenigsberg, East Prussia)

  • Perkuiken manor, East Prussia, razed after 1945 (today Russia)

The sons of Friedrich-Leopold Graf zu Eulenburg (founder of the Friedrich line), the Minister of State Friedrich zu Eulenburg (1815–1881) and his brother Philipp Conrad (1820–1889) left East Prussia. The latter married Alexandrine Freiin von Rothkirch -Panthen, who in 1867 became sole heir to her great-uncle Karl Freiherr von und zu Hertefeld . The Hertefelder came from the Duchy of Kleve , which had belonged to Brandenburg-Prussia since 1614 , and so came to the court of the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm in Berlin; In 1652 they had acquired Liebenberg Castle in Brandenburg and made it their headquarters, together with the neighboring Häsen Estate . In 1867 these possessions fell to the Friedrichsche line of the Eulenburgs, together with the Rhineland family estates Haus Hertefeld and Haus Kolk on the Lower Rhine. Wulkow and Gühlen near Neuruppin in Brandenburg were acquired by Philipp Conrad zu Eulenburg, but sold again before the First World War .

Philipp Conrad's son, Philipp zu Eulenburg (1847–1921), was raised in 1900 by his friend Kaiser Wilhelm II as Prince of Eulenburg and Hertefeld to the primogenous hereditary prince status; in addition, he was given the title of his wife, the last Countess von Sandels from Sweden. The couple's sole heir in 1921 was their son Friedrich Wend zu Eulenburg (1881–1963), who built the lake house near Liebenberg after his marriage in 1904 . His Austrian wife Marie Freiin von Mayr-Melnhof from a wealthy industrialist family brought the Hinterstoder hunting estate in Upper Austria into the family in 1921. The emperor, who often visited Liebenberg, attended the wedding but insisted that the children of the future princely couple be baptized Protestants.

The Brandenburg possessions were expropriated by the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone in 1945. The family now moved to the remaining estates on the Lower Rhine, with the Hertefeld house burned out in 1945. It was only partially rebuilt around the year 2000. In the meantime, the Friedrich line of the Princes of Eulenburg and Hertefeld divides the Lower Rhine possessions and today forms branches on Haus Hertefeld and Haus Kolk .

coat of arms

The family coat of arms is divided, above in gold a right-turning red-crowned and red-armored black lion, below in blue three (2: 1) silver - later also gold - six-pointed stars. On the crowned helmet with black and gold covers the growing lion between open flight, gold on the right and black on the left.

Historical coats of arms

  • Family coat of arms of Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1902

  • old coat of arms of the Ileburger / Eulenburger

  • Representation from the Silesian Wappenbuch

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Eulenburg (18th century)

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Eulenburg and Hertefeld (1898)

  • Coat of arms of the Princes of Eulenburg and Hertefeld (1900)

Known family members

literature

  • George Adalbert von Mülverstedt: Diplomatarium Ileburgense. Document collection z. History and Genealogy d. Count of Eulenburg. Baensch, Magdeburg 1877 digitized
  • Johann Wilhelm Neumann : Attempt of a history of the Lower Lusatian land bailiffs. Luebben 1832
  • Julis Sittenfeld: The noble lords of Ileburg in Bohemia. Berlin 1893
  • Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian noble families. Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, family line Ilburg in Böhmen, pp. 122–124, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume III, Volume 61 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn) 1975, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility. Princely houses. Volume XVI, Volume 124 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2001
  • Walter Görlitz: The Junkers, Nobility and Peasants in the German East, Historical Balance of 7 Centuries. CAStarke Verlag, Limburg an der Lahn 1981, bearer of the name of Eulenburg, also counts in the register on page 448
  • The coats of arms of the Bohemian nobility. In: J. Siebmacher's great book of arms . Volume 30, Neustadt an der Aisch 1979, Herren von Ilburg (Eulenburg), p. 282, coat of arms 133, (reproduction) ISBN 3-87947-030-8 .

Web links

Commons : Eulenburg (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ George Adalbert von Mülverstedt , F. Bernau: Diplomatarium Ilburgense. Magdeburg 1877
  2. ↑ Copy from the 15th century in the Magdeburg State Archives , Kop 398, sheet 81a, printed in the document book of the city of Halle, part 1, Magdeburg 1930, p. 72, no. 72
  3. ↑ Original in the Main State Archives Dresden , Petersberger Hand Monastery, No. 81, printed in Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae , 1st main part, Volume II, Leipzig 1989, p. 310, No. 446
  4. ↑ Natalie Kruppa: New thoughts on the Quedlinburger coat of arms. In: Concilium Medii Aevi . Volume 4, 2001, pp. 153–171 ( PDF, 0.5 MB (PDF))
  5. ^ Alfred Freiherr von Krane: Coat of arms and handbook of the nobility resident in Silesia (including Upper Lusatia), 1901–1904