List of bailiffs in Upper Lusatia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The office of bailiff of Upper Lusatia was the highest lordly office of the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia in the Middle Ages and early modern times . The governor was the sovereign's deputy. He decided in feudal matters , cherished the district court and led the state contingent. In particular, he was entitled to higher jurisdiction . By Brakteaten from the mint Bautzen it has been proven that the Landvogt the coinage exercised. The basic powers of the provincial bailiffs were retained until after the Thirty Years' War, whereby a strengthening of the official apparatus went hand in hand with an increase in securitized rights of co-determination. The seat of the Upper Lusatian bailiff was the Ortenburg in Bautzen .

Development of the Landvogtei

The Ortenburg (Bautzen) , seat of the bailiffs of the state of Budissin (later Upper Lusatia)

The office of bailiff arose in the second half of the 13th century during the rule of the Brandenburg Ascanians through the union of the offices of the Burgrave of Bautzen and the district judge , which existed side by side during the Bohemian rule over Upper Lusatia. Due to the development of the Upper Lusatian lordships and later also due to the efforts of the royal cities to achieve autonomy, the regional court or Vogtsding, cherished by the bailiff, lost its monopoly on high jurisdiction in the 13th century.

The bailiffs were appointed by the respective sovereigns, who usually appointed people from the inner circle of their court . From around 1400 the estates - in Upper Lusatia the six royal cities, the nobility and the two monasteries Marienstern and Marienthal - had growing rights of participation. In particular, they have occupied the Ortenburg since that time when a bailiff left and had the new bailiffs confirm their rights in writing before they paid homage to him .

Because of the occasional division of Upper Lusatia into the states of Budissin (Bautzen) and Görlitz , from 1268 to 1329 and due to the establishment of the Duchy of Görlitz from 1377 to 1396, there were provincial bailiffs in both halves of the state. Zittau formed its own bailiwick, originally belonging to Bohemia, and was only united with the bailiff of Bautzen in 1412.

When Upper Lusatia came to the Electorate of Saxony in 1635, the class freedoms guaranteed in the so-called traditional recession prevented the development of a centralized princely official state in Upper Lusatia, so that the office of bailiff increasingly lost its importance and was at times a mere titular office. Occasionally the electoral prince (heir to the throne) received this title. Formally, the office of governor existed until the establishment of the Kingdom of Saxony , but since 1777 no governors have been appointed.

Governors of Bautzen

The bailiffs of Bautzen include the following list:

Coat of arms of Sigismund Jagiello on the Bautzner Matthiasturm

Governors of Görlitz

The governors of Görlitz include the following list:

Governors of Zittau

The bailiffs of Zittau have the following list:

  • 1303 Lutold v. Pribetitz (= v. Pretetz)
  • 1303 Thazo
  • 1318–1330 Günther Runge
  • 1328/38 Peter [von Uechtritz]
  • 1350 Heinrich v. Haftenberg
  • 1358 Bartholomew
  • 1364-1388 Zittau
  • 1388–1395 Anshelm von Rohnau
  • 1395/6 Botho von Czastolowitz
  • 1396-1412 Zittau
1396–1404 Peter Petzold
1407 Nikolaus Grünwald
1308 Paul Häßler
1410 Nitsche Hildebrand

literature

  • Tino Fröde : Collectanea Lusatica. Collection of Lusatian writings and files. Finding aid, Olbersdorf 1997.
  • Hermann Knothe : Documentary basis for a legal history of Upper Lusatia. In: New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 53, 1877, pp. 158-421. Digitized , digitized
  • Gerhard Seifert: The constitutional position of the bailiffs in the former Margrave of Upper Lusatia and their obligations. Dissertation, Leipzig 1926.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ For the bailiffs until 1549 cf. Hermann Knothe : Documentary basis for a legal history of Upper Lusatia. In: New Lusatian Magazine . Volume 53, 1877, pp. 184ff, 229f, 264ff, 366ff.
  2. ^ Walter von Boetticher : History of the Upper Lusatian nobility and its goods 1635-1815 . tape 1 . Görlitz 1912, p. 239 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf ).
  3. ↑ Michael Sachs: The flight of the evangelical wife Anna Magdalena von Reibnitz (1664– ~ 1745) with her five children from Silesia, threatened by forced Catholicization, in 1703 - a mood picture from the age of the Counter Reformation and Pietism. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 221–263, here: p. 227.
  4. ^ Hermann Knothe: Documentary basis for a legal history of Upper Lusatia. In: New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 53, 1877, pp. 229f, 264ff.
  5. ^ Hermann Knothe: Documentary basis for a legal history of Upper Lusatia. In: New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 53, 1877, pp. 239f.