Lobdeburg (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Lobdeburg (Hartmannersche tribe)
Coat of arms of those of Lobdeburg (Ottonian tribe)

The lords of Lobdeburg (Lobeda near Jena) were a noble family from the lords of Auhausen an der Wörnitz in the Nördlinger Ries , who established an imperial rule in eastern Thuringia in the 12th century .

history

Auhausen an der Wörnitz was first mentioned in a document in the year 959, when Otto I gave his loyal Hartmann the property in Auhausen and Westheim, which had previously been confiscated from a Ernst in court. The noble free sex ( nobiles ) of the gentlemen of Auhausen and the u. a. "von Alerheim " descended from them had numerous descendant branches. A later Hartmann von Auhausen appears in a document in February 1133 as a witness of the Naumburg bishop in the Saale valley. Here he, his three sons and his grandchildren founded the Lobedeburg dynasty with a new headquarters in and later above Jena- Lobeda . Between 1129 and 1133 Hartmann donated the Auhausen headquarters to the monastery he founded there, except for Gütersplitter.

The family established itself in the 12th century in the course of the state expansion on the Limes Sorabicus in eastern Thuringia and can be traced here in 1166, based in Camburg an der Saale. 1129 was a Hartmann von Alerheim, a brother of Hartmann von Auhausen, a witness in a document. This Hartmann (called 1133) of Auhausen probably built his residence on the Lobdeburg , first as a free master, and built in the 12th century between Saale and White Elster is a basic rule in the 1300 to Triptis handed. The sex later divided into several lines of different rank.

For the first time an Albert von Louede was mentioned in 1156 and the Lobdeburg in 1166 . The Lobdeburgers expanded the Elsterberg , Jena , Lobeda , Lobenstein , Kahla , Roda , Saalburg and Schleiz settlements into cities in the Sorbian settlement area , founded the Leuchtenburg near Kahla and the castle in Arnshaugk near Neustadt an der Orla (with the Arnshaugk Castle ) and Roda Monastery in Stadtroda (1248) as a new house monastery and burial place . They played a key role in the development of the state and Christianization in East Thuringia. Between 1173 and 1254 they provided a prince-bishop of Speyer and two prince-bishops from Bamberg.

In the 13th century they were divided into different lines, u. a .:

As early as 1313, the indebted Lobdeburgers had pledged Lobenstein Castle , the Leuchtenburg and the town of Kahla to the Counts of Schwarzburg and sold them in 1333. Around 1314/17 they sold the Schleiz lordship, which they had also founded, with the maintenance of Saalburg to Heinrich IV., The elder, Vogt of Gera . The Lobdeburgers gradually lost their political importance and became extinct in the middle of the 15th century.

After losing their imperial immediacy , the Lords of Lobdeburg came under the rule of the Margraves of Meißen and the Landgraves of Thuringia in the 14th century and gradually sold their property and castle. In 1333 Leuchtenburg, Roda and Kahla fell to the Counts of Schwarzburg , in 1331 their share in Jena to the Landgraves of Thuringia, after Saalburg had come to the Bailiffs of Gera in the 13th century . In 1920 the goods came to the state of Thuringia and thus from 1949 to 1990 to the German Democratic Republic.

Since the first half of the 14th century, a branch of the Burgau line was located in Bohemia , where it acquired influence and extensive possessions. The Bohemian line of Bergow expired in 1458 with Johann von Bergow ( Jan z Bergova ) in the nobility and descendants became peasant.

coat of arms

Their coat of arms is the main coat of arms of the Lords of Auhausen in the Nördlinger Ries and shows a right diagonal bar, as a crest a peacock. Later the individual branches and twigs of the descendants carried different coats of arms. The coat of arms of the Hartmann tribe: split from silver and red with a sloping bar each in alternating tinctures. Coat of arms of the Ottonian tribe: on silver a red winged fish placed at an angle to the left.

Personalities

The most important representatives of the sex were the two prince-bishops in the diocese of Würzburg :

Others

The lords of Lobdeburg were temporarily granted the right to mint the Jena mint and coined the so-called dynasty bracteates .

literature

  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories and imperial immediate families from the Middle Ages to the present. 6th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-44333-8 , pp. 356-357 (there: Herrschaft Lobdeburg).
  • Herbert Helbig : The Wettin corporate state. Investigations of the estates and the state constitution in Central Germany until 1485 . Böhlau, Cologne 1980, ISBN 3-412-02178-4
  • About the coins and the coat of arms of the Lords of Lobdeburg . In: Numismatic Newspaper. IX. Year, 1842 No. 10, pp. 73ff.
  • Arnold Berg: Contributions to the genealogy of the lords of Lobdeburg. In: German Herald. 63 (1932), pp. 23f., 33-35, 43-45, 56f.
  • Hans Großkopf: The Lords of Lobdeburg near Jena, a Thuringian-Eastern dynasty from the 12th to the 15th century . Published by Druck JRG Wagnersche Buch- u. Art print shop, Neustadt / Orla 1929.
  • Hans Körner:  Lobdeburg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , p. 726 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Günther Röblitz: The bracteates of the Lords of Lobdeburg: Appendix, Jena's mint under Wilhelm III . Transpress, Berlin 1984, DNB 850341965 .

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