Lobeda

This article describes the former town of Lobeda (today's Jena district Lobeda-Altstadt). The nearby prefabricated housing estate can be found under Neulobeda .

Lobeda old town City of Jena
Coordinates: 50 ° 53 ′ 32 "  N , 11 ° 36 ′ 34"  E
Height :	170 m above sea level NN
Area :	3.4 km²
Residents :	2002  (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density :	589 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	August 1, 1946
Postal code :	07747
Area code :	03641
Location of Lobeda old town in Thuringia

Panorama of Lobeda with the Johannisberg

Old town of Lobeda

Lobeda is a formerly independent town in Thuringia , which belongs to Jena as the district "Lobeda-Altstadt" . It was incorporated in 1946, has almost 2000 inhabitants on an area of ​​3.36 square kilometers and is around five kilometers south of the city center.

Between 1966 and 1986 the Jena prefabricated building was built southwest of Lobeda - satellite town Neulobeda with around 20,000 inhabitants. To better distinguish it from Neulobeda (also a district of Jena), the old Lobeda has been called Lobeda-Altstadt (district of Jena) since May 25, 1998.

Geography and traffic

Geographical location

Lobeda is located in the central Saale valley between limestone and red sandstone slopes that are partially covered by mixed forests . The settlement area extends between 150 and 220 m above sea level. NN. above the floodplain of the Saale . The heights above Lobeda rise about 220 m above the valley, they reach 373 m on the Johannisberg and 374 m on the Spitzberg and form the edge of the Wöllmisse plateau on the hall side .

The district of Lobeda

The district of the historic town of Lobeda has largely been preserved and covers not only the district of Lobeda-Altstadt but also large parts of Neulobeda. Except for minor deviations, it is limited by the Saale, the Pennickenbach to the Fürstenbrunnen, the summer linden tree, the Lobdeburgklause (the Lobdeburgruine belongs to the Drackendorf corridor), the southeastern border of the clinic, today's Mediamarkt, the Roda to the mouth of the Saale. The settlement areas of Wöllnitz and Rutha are left out. The neighboring districts of Jena are Göschwitz , Burgau , Wöllnitz and Drackendorf as well as the community Sulza, district Rutha in the Saale-Holzland district. The Selzdorf desert also belongs to the Lobeda district.

traffic

Lobeda-Altstadt is on the BAB 4 , around 1.5 km from exit 54 (Jena-Zentrum) and on the federal highway 88 . The next train station is Jena-Göschwitz (2 km) with connections to Erfurt, Halle, Leipzig, Gera, Saalfeld. Lobeda old town is connected to the surrounding area by local public transport by bus routes: Stadtroda – Tälerdörfer – Hermsdorf; Ilmnitz – Bobeck – Hermsdorf and Stadtroda - Neustadt / Orla and Schleiz. Local traffic to Jena is via tram lines 4 and 5.

history

Political affiliation Lobedas

With the first documented appearance of Lobedas in the 12./13. In the 19th century, Lobeda belonged to the territory of the noble family of Lobdeburg , who came from southern Germany and had its first seat in Thuringia on the Lobdeburg . As a result of the Vogtland War of 1354–57, Lobeda came into the hands of the Wettins in 1358 . With the division of the Wettin state as a whole in 1485, Lobeda came to the Ernestine Electorate of Saxony . When the Ernestine state was divided in 1572, Lobeda came to the newly formed Duchy of Saxony-Weimar ( Ernestine line of the Wettins). When the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar was divided, Lobeda came to the briefly existing Duchy of Saxony-Jena between 1672 and 1690 and then came to Saxony-Eisenach . The Sachsen-Eisenach line died out in 1741, so the territory with Lobeda fell back to Sachsen-Weimar (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach). After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach became a Grand Duchy. Lobeda remained in the Grand Duchy until the territorial states were dissolved in 1919. From 1920 Lobeda belonged to the newly formed state of Thuringia and was temporarily (1922 to 1924) incorporated into Jena. Until 1946 Lobeda belonged to the district of Stadtroda , then finally to Jena as a suburb of Jena-Lobeda (since 1998 Lobeda-Altstadt ).

Prehistory and founding of the city, original parish

Findings in the parcel “Steinichen” (eastern part of the former castle park) from 1928, which were assigned to the younger Bronze Age (around 1000 BC), are evidence of an early settlement.

In 1936 graves from the 3rd to 4th century were uncovered in the Arperschen gravel pit and in 1965 graves made of cord ceramics (around 2500 BC) were cut during the development of Neulobeda.

These finds show that Lobeda and its surroundings were at least temporarily settled at an early stage.

Furthermore, the Johannisberg is important for the settlement of Lobeda. Here are the remains of two important fortifications from the late Bronze Age and the early Middle Ages . The latter is interpreted as both a Slavic and a Franconian complex, which supposedly lost its importance in 937 with the construction of Kirchberg Castle near Jena.

Possibly the settlement of the Lobedaer Kirchberg started afterwards and the place and the original parish of Lobeda arose.

It is less in question that the original Lobeda parish already existed in the 10th century. This is supported by the large territory of this original parish named in a papal charter in 1228 , which included the branches Ammerbach , Schlöben , Jägersdorf and Gleina ( Schöngleina or the submerged village of Gleina near today's Vorwerk Cospoth near Oßmaritz ) as well as a Kirchberg chapel as well as the many spread over a wide area subject to interest Places like Rothenstein z. T. are documented much earlier.

Another aspect was the establishment of a Lobeda deanery within the archdeaconate of the Dompropstei Naumburg, which existed alongside the two other deaneries Schkölen and Teuchern until the Reformation. However, the often cited conclusion that the church of Lobeda is the second basilica of Burgwards Kirchberg and the associated city of Lobeda (in a document from Otto II from 976: in Chirihberg basilicas duas cum villa) cannot be proven.

The name Lobeda appeared for the first time with the mention of an Adalbert von Lovethe in 1156 in a document of Albrecht the Bear . He was a vassal of the Count of Weimar-Orlamünde , which clearly shows that the Lobeda corridor was not exclusively in one hand. The naming of pastor Hugo von Lobeda in numerous documents from 1213 is also important.

In 1284 Lobeda was finally named as a town for the first time: “... Otto and Hartmann, the Lords of Lodeburch, ... that we have a courtyard, located at the very end of the street in the town of Lobede, which leads towards Pennicke on the upper path, ... the Nunnery in Butitz have given ... “This formulation suggests that Lobeda had become a town well before 1284. However, the documents are missing for an exact date.

The origin of the name Lobeda is also in the dark. Some historians try to derive "louba" equal to forest mountains (probably related to the Wöllmisse ), others believe that the noble family von Auhausen , who called themselves von Lobdeburg since 1166 , derived the name from their former ancestral seat, the Ladenburg am Neckar. This is unlikely, however, as the city would then also be called Lobdeburg and the suburban settlement would have to have had a different name before 1166.

The noble family von Auhausen first appeared in the Lobeda region in 1133 in a document.

From 1166 this family called themselves Lords of Lobdeburg. During this time, the Lobdeburg was built as a castle and seat, which is documented for 1186. The Lobdeburger appeared as colonizers in the East Thuringian area and founded the cities of Jena and Lobeda as well as other places and the Roda monastery . Lobeda was laid out as a planned city. The town of Lobeda was probably founded so that the Lobdeburgers could upgrade their rule with another town next to Jena and settle craftsmen and servants at the foot of the Lobdeburg.

The development of the independent town of Lobeda until 1870

In the 14th century, the Counts of Schwarzburg and the House of Wettin fought over control of the middle Saale. Lobeda belonged temporarily to the Schwarzburgers and from 1358 to the Wettins. The latter administered the region initially from the Burgau office, which was enlarged in 1478 with Jena to form the Jena-Burgau dual office. The first city charter can be found in 1407, but only two annual fairs were named in 1593 and four in 1699.

Lobeda developed as an arable town where viticulture dominated for centuries . The city's oldest register of citizens has survived from the first half of the 15th century. In 1436 and around 1470 two free courtyards were built (kitchen courtyard and the later castle). These royalty-free farms and their owners, especially the noble families of those of Thüna and the Pusters, received their privileges from the sovereign and were thus in constant conflict with the city and its rights. The von Lunderstedt family settled here in 1471 and founded the Lobeda house as the forerunner of today's castle. Until the 1990s, the doctrine was that today's castle on the edge of the historic city center should be equated with the earlier Lower Lobdeburg, which existed next to today's Lobdeburgruine and a so-called Upper Lobdeburg, of which almost nothing has survived. Fritzsche suspected this lower Lobdeburg also in the city area, but below today's Rathausplatz. However, Marckwardt was able to show quite convincingly in 2010 that there never was a Lower Lobdeburg in the Lobeda urban area and that the often-mentioned lower castle can be equated with today's ruins.

In April / May 1525 there was a peasant riot in Lobeda and the surrounding area, which was primarily directed against the noble family of the Puster and was bloodily suppressed. The Reformation took place in 1525 and evangelical pastors can be identified in Lobeda from 1529. Since the Reformation at the latest, there has been a town school in town, and from 1684 a boys 'and girls' school each. A handicraft school also existed from around 1810.

Lobeda was badly damaged in the Saxon Fratricidal War (1446-1451), especially the church, and was often hit by city fires (e.g. 1568, 1640, 1653, 1780, 1781). In 1640 the town hall with the city archive burned down. As a result of these events, a "Lobedaer Spritzenmannschaft" was formed as early as 1717, from which the volunteer fire brigade later developed.

The Thirty Years' War , the fire of 1640 and the plague epidemics in 1626 and 1636 brought urban life and its main source of income, viticulture, to an almost complete standstill. Slowly - only from around 1680 - the city is recovering. The upswing of Lobeda was also due to the fact that the city was on the trade route Nuremberg - Burgau - Lobeda - Drackendorf - Leipzig. The Alte Saalebrücke Burgau , which was built in its present form until 1744, encouraged the Fuhrmannsgasthöfe (Schwarzer Adler, Zum Bären) to flourish. The last time Lobeda suffered briefly directly from war events (passage of Napoleonic troops) was 1806.

The wars of the 19th and 20th centuries only affected Lobeda indirectly. In the war against France in 1870/71 there was only one fallen soldier. The First World War demanded a comparatively high death toll with 40 dead, for whom a memorial was only inaugurated in the municipal cemetery in 1928. The same memorial commemorates the much more numerous victims of the Second World War .

From 1809 the club system was established, initially with the community garden society and at the same time the shooting club Lobeda e. V, both of which were active until 1945. They were followed in 1847 by the “Liedertafel” Lobeda eV, from which the Volkschor Lobeda 1847 e. V. was established, and in 1853 the “Bäronia” boys' association. In 1861 the Gymnastics Club Lobeda eV was founded and from 1897 several beautification clubs from which the Lobdeburg-Gemeinde e. V. formed in 1912 . Various allotment gardeners, small animal breeders, sports and singing clubs supplemented the club life.

After the downfall of viticulture, the craft became more and more established. The following guilds with their first mentions in the archive prove this:

• Guild regulations of the blacksmiths and Wagner from 1667.
• Guild and handicraft articles of the Böttger handicraft 1668.
• Butcher's guild article, from 1668.
• Establishment of a bricklayer and stonemason guild in 1682.
• Guild regulations of the tailors' guild, 1694.
• Guild article of the bakery trade 1704, 1745.
• Guild article of the Schumacher 1720.
• Guild article of the clothing makers, barchents and linen weavers 1723.
• Guild article for the stocking weavers 1727.

Particularly noteworthy are the hosiery and butcher's guilds. In 1751 there were 38 hosiery manufacturers and numerous journeymen in Lobeda, and in 1783 there were 103 master hosiery masters and journeymen with 120 knitting chairs. The work was hard and very regulated, so that in 1781 there was a revolt of the journeyman hosiery. In 1841 there was a general reorganization of the hosiery trade in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, as a result of which the guild in Lobeda was dissolved in 1863. In 1858 there were only 19 masters and journeymen.

The butchers in Lobeda, who were once only allowed to sell their goods on the meat banks in the passageway of the Lobeda town hall, formed a guild which, confirmed in 1496 and again in 1587, was able to expand its effect far beyond the city limits. From then on, the Lobedaer butchers were allowed to offer their meat products on the market in Jena. In the years 1784/85 they covered at least a third of the meat requirements of the city of Jena, with veal the proportion was even almost 45 percent. However, this right was tied to the obligation that at least one Lobeda butcher had to be present at the Jena market on Tuesdays and Saturdays. That was true until the 20th century, because a courageous butcher from Lobeda saved the rights of the Lobeda butchers during floods in February 1909. In 1925 there were five master butchers with seven journeymen.

A list of residents from 1858 gives precise information about the distribution of important handicrafts in the 19th century: Farmers (24) still come first, followed by shoemakers (19), stocking makers (18), butchers (16), Bricklayers (14), and tailors (12).

The development 1871-1945

As early as 1887, just nine years after the city of Jena, Lobeda had a high-pressure water pipe built with 12 running wells and 62 house connections. In 1908 Lobeda was connected to the power grid. In the same year Lobeda received a tram connection to Jena, initially only from the final stop at Burgauer bridgehead on the Saale bridge. In 1925 the Saale-Flußbad, which existed until 1947, was built in Lodeda and around 1930 the “Rote Erde” sports field in the Saale floodplain.

From 1922 Lobeda experienced a significant boom in tourism. The reason for this was the renovation of the palace complex between 1912 and 1916 and the purchase of the palace by the German National Sales Aid Association . In 1922 he opened a youth castle for the merchant youth and a youth hostel in the castle, which brought a very large number of foreigners into the city. Lobeda became known throughout Germany in the 1920s as a congress city and as a meeting place for the hiking and singing movement . As a result, a tourism association was founded in 1929 and the city dreamed of becoming a climatic health resort. This development was interrupted in 1933 and reoriented when the Gauführerschule II moved into the castle. It was later supplemented by various other Nazi schools.

The regional road traffic between Jena and Stadtroda led via Winzerla, Burgau and the old Burgauer Saalebrücke as well as through the center of Lobeda. On November 20, 1934, the old bridge was replaced by a new one at the Burgau locality "Im Wehrigt" and at the same time the tram connection from Jena's city center via Winzerla and the aforementioned new bridge to Jenaische Strasse in Lobeda was extended. The shortest connection between Lobeda and Jena city center was at that time to the right of the Saale (Wöllnitzer Straße).

The development after 1946: From the suburb to the district of the city of Jena

For centuries, the city of Lobeda has been proud of its autonomy and independence. For political reasons it was incorporated into Jena against the will of the citizens in 1922 and only two years later due to changed political conditions by the city of Jena. After the Second World War, the time was ripe for new structures and the reincorporation in Jena on April 1, 1946. This time the Lobeda communal advisory council clearly spoke out in favor of incorporation. Local political and economic reasons were decisive.

In 1966 the construction of a bypass road from today's federal motorway 4 via Wöllnitz to Jena began. The completion of this route, known locally as the “Schnellstraße”, relieved the road from Winzerla to Lobeda and the Wöllnitzer Straße further to the east of traffic between Jena city center and Lobeda.

In 1967 the tram connection between Jena city center via Winzerla and Burgau to Lobeda was discontinued, the final stop was now in Winzerla. The plans for a new tram route were published, but the start of construction was never concrete.

The proximity to the new development area Neulobeda from around 1970 made the old Lobeda more and more into the background. Crafts and trade fell continuously. Only the still existing gastronomy was able to assert itself successfully until 1989. After the political change, it took the former city of Lobeda about ten years to regain its place next to Neulobeda. Due to the attractiveness of the historically grown structures, the population grew again, the old building fabric was renovated and many new residential buildings were built. Lobeda-Altstadt is a popular residential area within the city of Jena.

The club life was reorganized after 1989: The Lobdeburg-Gemeinde eV 1912, the Lobedaer Carnevalsclub LCC 59 eV, the Feuerwehrverein Lobeda eV and the last association founded, the Förderverein Bären Lobeda eV, founded in 2005, dominate the renovation and use of the house " ZUM BAEREN ”has set itself the goal.

Jena-Lobeda has been part of Jena since May 25, 1998. The residents can elect a district council and a district mayor to represent their interests . The district council was last elected on June 7, 2009. The district mayor is Klaus Liebold in his third term of office (since 1998). The other members of the district council are Michael Bauer, Klaus Grimm, Jürgen Häkonson-Hall, Knut Hennig, Kathrin Kästner, Yvonne Probandt and Marco Scheundel.

Population development

The oldest register of inhabitants of Lobeda is for the period 1421 to 1425. There are numerous data on the further development of the population in various files (city archives, parish archives, handbooks). The graph shows that the population has increased significantly over the centuries. Two discontinuities are noticeable, one caused by the Thirty Years War and the plague epidemics around 1626/1636, the other due to the losses in the First World War. A devastating famine in 1771 with 80 deaths is not visible due to a data gap. The influence of the Second World War cannot be seen in the graphic either, as the war losses were offset by displaced persons from the former German eastern regions. Lobeda Old Town currently (as of December 31, 2011) has 1901 inhabitants.

The symbols of the city of Lobeda

City seal

Seal impressions from 1643 and 1741

The first seals in Lobeda were probably created soon after the town was taken over by the Black Burgers or Wettins in the 14th century. In any case, the first city seal known to us dates back to 1404. Unfortunately, the city fire in 1640 not only destroyed the town hall, but apparently also the seals. Later seals show a Madonna with the baby Jesus in her left arm and a lily in her right hand. Below is a sign with the lion. In 1643 the inscription reads: SIGILL D STADT LOBADA 1643. An interpretation of this town seal has not yet been found. Another seal from 1741 is striking, which shows the monogram of the sovereign “Dux Saxioniae Ernst August ” (1688–1748) in addition to the well-known Madonna at the top left , the Saxon coat of arms with the famous diamond and a crown above it at the top right. The seal inscription is: FSWUE (for the Principality of Saxony Weimar and Eisenach) STA - DT LOBEDA.

City arms

City coat of arms, coffee HAG brand (1925) and baroque relief on the town hall

On the outer facade of the town hall, which was built between 1684 and 1687, there is a city coat of arms carved in stone with baroque shapes. Its exact origin is unknown, but its shape matches the construction time of the town hall. The current appearance of this city coat of arms shows the Madonna with the Christ child and a golden lion on a black background. In contrast, the well-known city coat of arms of the Kaffee-HAG collective stamps (1913–1938) by Prof. Otto Hupp from 1925 (left picture) shows a black lion on a gold background. The different interpretations indicate either a Meissen lion (black on a gold background) or a Schwarzburger lion (gold on a blue background).

City colors, city flag

City colors Lobeda

The city flag is usually derived from the colors of the city arms. They are blue-yellow-black for the city of Lobeda.

With the incorporation into Jena in 1946, the Lobeda city symbols lost their official meaning. They are only used occasionally at anniversaries or celebrations in the village, for example during parades or as a reference when choosing club symbols.

Culture and sights

Church (Stadtkirche, Peterskirche)

→ Main article : St. Peter's Church (Lobeda)

The Church of Lobeda

Evidence suggests that a so-called original parish existed in Lobeda even before 968 (foundation of the Zeitz diocese ) . In 1228 a St. Peter's Church is mentioned in Lobeda. It was a predecessor of today's church. This church was destroyed in the Saxon Brotherly War (1446–1451). The nave was rebuilt around 1489 and the Gothic choir was built around 1500. In 1525 the Reformation was introduced in Lobeda. Lorentz Schaller is proven to be probably the first Protestant pastor. Further stations are: 1556 installation of a stone pulpit by Nikolaus Theiner; 1749/1750 vaulting of the nave, renovation of the church, installation of double galleries and the organ gallery with the Scherff organ; 1868 walling of the bell tower; 1906 extensive restoration of the interior of the church; 1965 to 1967 last major renovation with exposure of ceiling and wall paintings by an unknown master from around 1490.

Rectory

The first mention of a rectory took place in 1284 in connection with the document of the first mention of the city of Lobeda. The oldest evidence of today's rectory in the cellar vault dates from 1694. Around 1818/1819 the parsonage became the place of romance between the pastor's daughter Friederike Schmidt and the Slovak poet Ján Kollár, whom she was only able to marry in 1835. There is also a commemorative plaque at the rectory and a memorial stone opposite St. Peter's Church. In 1984 the last renovation took place with a replica of the half-timbered structure.

town hall

town hall

During the Thirty Years' War, billeted French soldiers set fire to half the city by careless use of fire. The town hall with the council archives was also destroyed by flames. From 1684 to 1687, today's town hall with the tower was built. It served as a mayor's office, a police station, a prison, a place of justice and houses a restaurant. With the incorporation of the city of Lobeda into Jena in 1946, the town hall lost its historical function. The town hall has been renovated since 2012.

Market fountain

Today's market fountain was built in 1847 by the Lobeda municipality. It was one of the public wells for water supply and was fed by the Bornberg springs until the 20th century. It is the oldest preserved fountain in Jena with a cast iron water basin. With the construction of the public water pipeline around 1887, it was preserved as a representative fountain, and a total of 6 additional wells were installed. After 1960 the market fountain was dismantled as a supposed traffic obstacle. The cast iron water basin survived the years in a nursery. In 2005, the rediscovered pillar slab with the inscription "Lobeda 1847" started the renovation. The renewed market fountain was inaugurated on May 5th, 2009.

Lobeda Castle

The castle in Lobeda

The forerunner of today's castle was probably not built until 1480, when Duke Wilhelm von Sachsen enfeoffed Friedrich von Lunderstedt, the former mountain and city judge clerk of Schneeberg, with this property. He built a courtyard with three main buildings and an inner courtyard. In the following centuries the owners changed frequently. In 1868 Friedrich Knorr set up a brewery, which the Busch family continued to run from 1892 until 1912. The castle became increasingly dilapidated. In 1912 the pastor Nonne bought the facility and began renovating it. In 1922 it passed into the possession of the German National Handicrafts Association and was expanded into an old people's home and youth castle. The extension buildings (boarding school from 1928 and lesson building from 1934) have been striking since then. From 1933 the facility was converted into various Nazi schools, including the Reichsführer school. After 1945 it housed a trade union school for occupational safety of the FDGB . A renovation took place between 1992 and 1995. After another school episode (EURO schools Jena) until 2005, the castle was auctioned in 2011. From 2012 the conversion to a residential complex took place.

Good lobeda

In the late Middle Ages, Lobeda owned two courtyards: the Freihof on today's castle grounds and a courtyard in the locality. The latter went down in history as a kitchen courtyard due to its temporary owner, Freiherr Ehrenfried von Ende, due to his title of “kitchen master”. Today's Lobedaer Gut emerged from the kitchen courtyard. The many owners include: From 1860 Mr. Thierbach, who renamed it the Rittergut Lobeda, and from 1916 the Carl Zeiss Foundation, which operated it together with the Burgau and Cospoth estates as an agricultural domain until the 1960s. Later the VEB Carl Zeiss Jena used the manor rooms (assembly and adjustment of Bussolen) and the company Nierbauer (battery service) the former stables. There are now offices and apartments in the estate.

Gasthof "Schwarzer Adler"

According to dendrochronological studies, the building dates back to around 1612. This oldest Lobeda inn with Ausspanne (formerly "Unterer Gasthof") was on the Nuremberg-Leipzig trade route through Lobeda. In the 17th and 18th centuries he was liable to interest and loan from the church. From 1711 to 1835, the “Black Eagle” also had the hospitality rights of the upper “Inn to the White Duck”. The "Black Eagle" has been owned by the Beerbaum family since 1843 and was operated as an inn with mixed use as a guest house and agriculture until the 20th century.

Kurhaus / Culture House / House "Zum Bären"

House "Zum Bären"

An inn "Zum schwartzen Bären" has been registered on the market since 1736, since Duke Wilhelm Heinrich granted the right to be a drinker in that year . The “Zum Bären” inn functioned as a carter's inn. It was right on the Nuremberg – Leipzig trade route. In 1913 the building was dilapidated and rebuilt within a very short time. Except for a hall extension and smaller extensions, the new building corresponds to the existing building. In the 1920s and 1930s, what was then the Kurhaus “Zum Bären” was the first building on the square with a hotel, a large hall for well-kept dance events, and guest and club rooms. In 1953 a renovation took place, the street-side building became an apprentice dormitory and the hall of culture house with a separate entrance. After the fall of the Wall, the building fabric proved to be dilapidated and the future of the house was uncertain. Therefore, in 2005, the “Förderverein Bären Lobeda e. V. “and acquired the building on a long lease. It was renovated from 2009 to 2017. The aim was to create a central building for major events, club activities, family celebrations, get-togethers and much more.

Home of Susanne Bohl

Susanne Bohl (1738–1806) went down in literary history as the wife of the Lobeda mayor Justinus Bohl. The occasion was the mocking poem Winde und Männer , written in 1782 , which made them known at the Weimar court. Later she ran a literary circle and attracted many literary friends with her intellect, her lovable character and her culinary art. Goethe and Schiller were also guests at Bohl.

Doberman house

Doberman house from 1593

The Dobermann house is located on the outskirts of the old town of Lobeda and has therefore been spared the numerous fires of past centuries. Dendrochronological studies showed that the house was built around 1593. The owner must have been a wealthy citizen (possibly a wine merchant), as there are two plank rooms in the building. The well-preserved seat niche portal, which dates from 1597 and bears the inscription "CIRIAX SCHWAB ANNO 1597", is striking. The house was renovated in 1998/1999, the half-timbering and the painted plank rooms have been restored since then.

Residential building Rathausplatz 11

In the area of ​​today's Rathausplatz and Marktstrasse, numerous houses were burned down by French soldiers during the Thirty Years' War in 1640. How far the town of Lobeda was down and how long it took to recover can be seen from a Latin inscription under the eaves, according to which the landlord was only able to build a new house in 1692 - 52 years later to build:

Pax cladem sequitor 1692,

A jove fac orsum

Ne serpens det dibi Morsum.

After a long war, finally peace in 1692

With God start your work again,

That the snake's poisonous tooth does not prick you.

Written from a Latin proverb, translated by Franz Meyer, Lobeda 1921.

Former war memorial 1870/71, now Ján Kollár memorial stone

The war memorial was erected in 1872 on the occasion of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71. The stone (brown coal quartzite) came from Waldeck near Stadtroda and the originally existing cast-iron plate came from the Stiebritz & Müller foundry in Apolda. After 1945 the cast iron plaque with the gold-plated names disappeared. The text is no longer known. In 1984 the monument was converted into a memorial stone for the Slovak Ján Kollár , who later became the national poet. He fell in love with the Lobeda pastor's daughter Friederike Schmidt in 1818 , but he could not marry her until 1835. A plaque on the front of the memorial stone shows a text excerpt from his work Slavy dcera ("Slavic daughter") in Slovak and German. The life dates of Ján Kollár are recorded on the back panel.

Historical trough of a fountain from 1887

With the construction of the public water pipeline in Lobeda in 1887, there were twelve running wells and 10 above-ground hydrants in the village, as well as various house connections. Six of the twelve running fountains have been repositioned. They are made of iron and bear the inscription “LOBEDA 1887”. The supplier was the ironworks and enamelling factory Tangerhütte. Of these six iron wells, one still exists in the Lobeda cemetery, a second was found heavily rusted in the Bucha corridor. After restoration in 2012, the latter was able to be erected at the Lobeda town hall and is reminiscent of the construction of the pressure water pipeline in 1887.

Martin Niemöller House

The Martin-Niemöller-Haus was built from 1981 to 1983 in order to take account of the Lobeda parish, which had grown through the Neulobeda development area . It is the seat of its own parish office and offers various rooms for parish work, including a parish hall for 200 people, which is also used as a winter church.

religion

In the center of Lobeda-Altstadt, the former city, there is a Protestant church, recently again called “St. Peter ”and the Catholic parish hall“ Franziskushaus ”, which is attached to the Catholic parish of St. Johannes Baptist . Until the Reformation , Lobeda was the seat of a deanery , which covered the entire area east of Jena as far as the Eisenberg area . After 1525 the Protestant parish Lobeda was formed with the branches Drackendorf / Ilmnitz , Zöllnitz , Rutha and Wöllnitz . Only at the end of the 16th century did Zöllnitz and Drackendorf become independent parishes. With the amalgamation of the Thuringian regional church and the ecclesiastical province of Saxony to form the Evangelical Church in Central Germany , they now all together form the Lobeda parish association within the Jena superintendent.

Personalities

• Nikolaus Theiner senior (1535 / 40–1620), stonemason and master builder
• Anton Heuglin (? –1578), librarian and pastor
• Susanne Bohl (1738–1806), poet
• Deocar Schmid (1791–1828), clergyman and missionary
• Wilhelmine Friederike Schmidt (1795–1875), so-called Mina , romance with Ján Kollár (1793–1852)
• Ferdinand Rosenberger (1845–1899), science historian
• Julius Lien (1872–1962), local poet
• Klara Griefahn (1897–1945), doctor, victim of fascism
• Leopold Hartmann (1899–1997), Germanist, polymath

Secondary literature

• Werner Marckwardt: Stone witnesses to the history of Lobeda. A reading book for hikers and friends of home , Jena-Lobeda 2014.
• Christel Holz, Lutz Kästner, Werner Marckwardt, Claus-Jürgen Nötzold, Anneliese Tilgner: Bader, barber and surgeon in Lobeda - The story of the castle pharmacy - A beautiful and carefree childhood in Lobeda - The Lobeda town hall - a gem - Lobeda and his Tram connection - the first motorcycles and cars in Lobeda (articles on the local history of Lobeda Old Town, issue 3). Lobeda 2014
• Hans-Jürgen Domin, Karl-Heinz Donnerhacke, Lutz Kästner, Werner Marckwardt, Claus-Jürgen Nötzold, Peter Puff, Anneliese Tilgner: 125 years of pressurized water pipeline in Lobeda - The stocking weavers in Lobeda - The post office in Lobeda - Franz Meyer librarian, painter and Philosopher - The history of the Lobdeburg cannon - Our impressions of Jena-Lobeda around 1959. (Contributions to the local history of Lobeda-Altstadt, issue 2). Lobeda 2013.
• Claus-Jürgen Nötzold, Joachim Rulf: Lobeda, its district (corridor) and the still existing boundary stones. (Contributions to the local history of Lobeda-Altstadt, issue 1). Lobeda 2012.
• Werner Marckwardt: Lobeda. Once a town in Weimar; Forays into the history of a former small town in Thuringia. Jena 2012, ISBN 978-3-943609-01-1 .
• Reinhard Jonscher: From Ammerbach to Zwätze - history of the Jena suburbs. Jena 2012, ISBN 978-3-942176-21-7 .
• Joachim Mohr, Maria Krieg: The Lobedaer Church. A church leader. Lobeda 2011.
• Claus-Jürgen Nötzold a. a .: Festschrift for the city anniversary. 725 years of the city of Lobeda (1284–2009); The place and its citizens through the ages. Jena 2009, OCLC 555168748
• Kurt Zahn: The pastors of the superintendent Jena. From the beginning to the end of the 18th century. (AMF series of publications, Volume 68). Kleve 2006, DNB 973518936
• Andrei Zahn: The residents of the offices of Burgau, Camburg and Dornburg. A prayer register from around 1421–1425. (AMF series of publications, Volume 55). Mannheim 1998, DNB 1009379518
• Herbert Koch: History of the city of Lobeda. 2 volumes, Jena 1939 and 1941.
• Paul Wolff: Lobeda and its castles. Lobeda around 1928.
• Hans Großkopf: The Lords of Lobdeburg. Neustadt adOrla 1929.

Web links

Commons : Lobeda Old Town  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Website district council Lobeda-Altstadt
• Building history of the town hall

Individual evidence

1. ^ Official Journal of the City of Jena, No. 21/1998, p. 225.
2. ↑ Main statute of the city of Jena 2003.
3. ↑ Uwe Lorenz: Investigations into the settlement of the Selzdorf desert near Jena-Lobeda. In: excavations and finds. Volume 19 (1974), pp. 280-285.
4. ↑ (1) Herbert Koch: History of the city of Lobeda. (in two parts until 1649), Jena 1939 and 1941; (2) Reinhard Jonscher: From Ammerbach to Zwatzen - history of the Jena suburbs. Jena 2012, pp. 213–248.
5. ^ Günter Eichhorn: A buried settlement from the younger Bronze Age on the grounds of the lower castle in Lobeda near Jena. In: Mannus. Magazine F. Prehistory, Vol. 21. H. 3/4 (1929), pp. 273-277.
6. ↑ NN: Grave finds near Zöllnitz and Lobeda. In: Old and new from home. Supplement to the Jenaer Volksblatt, VI. Series 1934–1936, p. 107.
7. ^ Karl Peschel: excavations and finds. Volume 11 (1966), pp. 267-270.
8. ^ Roman Grabolle: The early medieval castle on the Johannisberg near Jena-Lobeda. In: Journal for Castle Research and Monument Preservation. 48, 2007, pp. 135-143.
9. ↑ Reinhard Spehr : To the late Franconian castle "Kirchberg" on the Johannisberg via Lobeda. In: Castles and palaces in Thuringia. Glaux-Verlag, Jena 1997, pp. 21-38.
10. ↑ Ottogerd Mühlmann : The millennial tradition of the church in Lobeda. In: Herbert von Hintzenstern (Hrsg.): From twelve centuries - twenty-one contributions to the Thuringian church history. Berlin 1971, p. 45 ff.
11. ^ Otto Dobencker: Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae. Jena 1900, No. 126.
12. ^ Christian Schöttgen, Georg Christoph Kreysig: Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi: Cum Sigillis Aeri Incisis. Altenburg 1754, pp. 380/381.
13. ^ Otto Dobencker: Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae. 4 vol., Jena 1896–1939, volume I, p. 1271.
14. ^ Otto Dobencker: Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae. 4 vol., Jena 1896–1939, volume II, p. 330.
15. ^ Otto Dobencker: Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae. 4 vol., Jena 1896-1939, volume II, p. 762
16. ^ Landesarchiv Thuringia , Main State Archive Weimar , Ernestine General Archive Reg. Bb 710; Edited by Andrei Zahn: The residents of the offices of Burgau, Camburg and Dornburg in the late Middle Ages - A prayer register from around 1421–1425, series of publications by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mitteldeutsche Familienforschung, Mannheim 1998.
17. ↑ Traugott Keßler, Petra Zippel: Kulturdenkmale in Jena. Jena 2000, p. 90.
18. ↑ Christian Fritzsche: Inferiorum Castrum and today's palace in Lobeda. In: Castles and palaces in Saxony-Anhalt. Volume 15, Halle 2006, pp. 222–229.
19. ↑ Werner Marckwardt: Where was the lower Lobdeburg (inferium castrum)? A search for traces in historical land, border and land maps. In: Castle research from Saxony. 23, Langenweißbach 2010, pp. 104-124.
20. ↑ Kurt Zahn: The pastors of the superintendent Jena. From the beginning to the end of the 18th century. (AMF series of publications, Volume 68). Kleve 2006.
21. ↑ ^{a b} Home bells Lobeda-Rutha-Sulza-Wöllnitz 1916–1939. Parish Archives Lobeda
22. ↑ Jena City Archives, Lobeda files, Category B XI
23. ↑ Werner Marckwardt: The hosiery at Lobeda. In: Contributions to the local history of Lobeda Old Town. Issue 2, Jena 2013, pp. 14–26.
24. ^ Johann Ernst Basilius Wiedeburg: Description of the city of Jena. Jena 1785, p. 467.
25. ^ Private address list Lobeda 1925.
26. ^ Jena City Archives, Lobeda File B VII, No. 33
27. ↑ When nobody thought of the Jena Burgau Park. In: otz.de . September 13, 2014, accessed September 3, 2017 . 
28. ^ Andrei Zahn: The residents of the offices of Burgau, Camburg and Dornburg: a prayer register from around 1421–1425. (AMF series of publications, Volume 55). Mannheim 1998.
29. ^ "Zum Bären" cultural center in Lobeda Old Town, Jena. On the website of the Thuringia Architecture Guide, accessed on December 2, 2017.
30. ^ Website of the parish of Lobeda