Askanier (Weimar-Orlamünde line)
The Weimar-Orlamünde sideline of the Ascanians , a German noble family, ruled the Weimar-Orlamünde county in what is now Thuringia from the 12th century .
history
prehistory
Since the 10th century, the county of Weimar and later also the county of Orlamünde, which was united with it, had been under the rule of the aristocratic Weimar family . On May 13, 1112, Ulrich II of Weimar and Orlamünde, the last count of Weimar-Orlamünde of the Weimar family, died.
Count Palatine near the Rhine
Emperor Heinrich V claimed the reversion of this count area as a fief to the empire. The Count Palatine Siegfried and Heinrich, sons of the heir daughter Adelheid von Weimar-Orlamünde from the Weimar family, claimed the area as their inheritance, which led to a war of succession. It came between the imperial and the Count Palatine Siegfried with his supporters in 1113 at the battle of Warnstedt am Harz. The Count Palatine was wounded and died a short time later. In the course of this war, Orlamünde Castle was besieged in 1115 . In the same year, however, the Count Palatine party defeated the Kaiser am Welfesholze , whereupon the siege of Orlamünde by the imperial family had to be abandoned. This war of succession was only ended in 1121 by the peace proclaimed in Würzburg by Emperor Heinrich V and brought permanent possession of the hereditary lands of Weimar-Orlamünde to the Count Palatine Siegfried II . His successor Wilhelm IV , Count Palatinate near the Rhine, built the first St. Nicolaus bridge in Orlamünde. He died childless in 1140 as the last of the Palatine line of the Ascanian Counts of Orlamünde.
Askanian line
As a further descendant of Otto von Orlamünde in the female line, Albrecht the Bear came into the inheritance of the area without a fight. Albrecht the Bear installed his son Hermann I as governor in Orlamünde. After the death of his father in 1170 and the division of the Ascanian inheritance among the five secular sons of Albrecht, Hermann I became Count of Orlamünde immediately under the Empire. He died on October 19, 1176. He was followed by his son Siegfried III. In 1179 he left his possessions at the imperial castle Kayna to Emperor Friedrich I and received goods in Orlagau in return.
Albert, Count of Holstein
In 1194 Siegfried III. solemnly consecrate the church of St. Marie in front of the castle in Orlamünde. He died in 1206. His son Albert , Count von Holstein, inherited the county of Orlamünde, his other son Hermann II inherited the county of Weimar. The latter tried to wrest the county from the absent brother and therefore war broke out between him and Albert's father-in-law, the Landgrave of Thuringia. In the course of this war, Landgrave Ludwig the Holy occupied the Schauenforst Castle (as part of Orlamünde) in 1223 in the interests of his brother-in-law Albert and took Hermann II prisoner in Weimar, later releasing him. In 1227 Albert returned to his hereditary land Orlamünde. He died childless in 1245 and was inherited by his brother Hermann II, who survived him for a good two years.
The Merano Line
Hermann II was the husband of Beatrix, the heir to Merania . Beatrix died in 1272 and the Meranian estates were divided among the sons of Hermann II.
Otto III. received Weimar and Rudolstadt . He became the founder of the Weimar line, which subsequently acted independently and not always in agreement with the fraternal lineage, which meant a blatant weakening compared to the growing landgraves from the Wettin family . Otto received the rule of Plassenburg from the Meranian heritage, which he initially managed together with his brother .
Hermann III. inherited the county of Orlamünde, issued a certificate in Orlamünde in 1252 and took his seat there permanently with his descendants. He became the founder of the Orlamünde line. In addition, he received the Meran Nordhalben . He died of the plague in Orlamünde in 1283. In 1310 Heinrich III died, the son and successor of Hermann III. and in 1311 Heinrich IV., son of Heinrich III. von Orlamünde, at the tournament in Ravensburg. In 1331 Heinrich V founded the Wilhelmiterkloster in Orlamünde. On April 23, 1344 he sold Orlamünde to Landgrave Friedrich the Serious .
In 1310 the rule of Berka von Rabenswalde fell to the Counts of Orlamünde, with whom it remained until it was sold to the Lords of Blankenhain in 1370 .
The Count War
The Thuringian Count War followed from 1342 to 1346 . As a result, the Wettins concluded the Peace of Dresden on April 11, 1346 with the Counts of Weimar-Orlamünde. The Orlamünder had to give their home country to the Wettins as a fiefdom and thus lost their imperial immediacy and their political independence. Count Hermann VI. , according to a different way of counting Hermann VIII, the heir of Weimar, submitted to the feudal lordship of the Wettins in 1365. After his death in 1372 these moved in Weimar as a settled fief.
Expires in the 15th / 16th century
One on Hermann III. declining branch lines still existed in Lauenstein and Graefenthal . She was wealthy in Magdala , with Schauenforst, until 1426 in Graefenthal , until 1427 in Lichtenberg and until recently in and around Lauenstein, but marked by economic decline. With the grandson of Otto X , the Brandenburg Privy Councilor Friedrich VI. († after 1486) and his daughter Katharina († after 1544), a nun in the Heiligkreuz monastery near Saalburg , died the last bearers of the family's name.
Ascan counts of Weimar-Orlamünde
- 1112–1113 Siegfried I , Count Palatine of the Rhine
- 1113–1124 Siegfried II.
- 1124-1140 Wilhelm
- 1140–1170 Albrecht I , the bear
- 1167–1176 Hermann I.
- 1176–1206 Siegfried III.
- 1206–1245 Albrecht II (together with his younger brother Hermann II, practically did not rule)
- 1206–1247 Hermann II.
Orlamünder line
- 1247–1283 Hermann III.
Weimar Line
- 1247-1285 Otto III.
- 1285–1319 Hermann IV.
- 1285–1305 Otto IV.
- 1305-1340 Otto VI.
- 1340–1365 Friedrich I.
- 1365–1372 Hermann VI.
Personalities
- Elisabeth († 1327), daughter of Hermann III, Margravine of Meißen
- Agnes († 1354), daughter of Otto III., Abbess of Himmelkron Abbey
- Kunigunde († 1382), widow of Otto VII, abbess of the Himmelthron Monastery
- Otto X. († 1403), from a later branch, Mr. zu Lauenstein and Schauenforst
- Helene , Abbess of the Hof Monastery from 1435 to 1465
In the Himmelkron monastery there are epitaphs of several family members from the Orlamünde house, including the grave tumba of the monastery founder Otto III. and the epitaph of the last Orlamünder Count Otto VI. on the Plassenburg .
literature
- Helmut Hennig: The Counts of Orlamünde - an (almost) forgotten family . G. Arzberger, 2016, ISBN 978-3-927313-77-4 , p. 106 .
- Rudolf Endres : Orlamünde, Counts v .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 591 ( digitized version ).
- C. Chl. Freiherr von Reitzenstein : Regests of the Counts of Orlamuende from Babenberg and Ascan tribe with family tables, seal images, monuments and coats of arms . Historical association for Upper Franconia . Publisher Th. Burger, Bayreuth 1871–1896.
- Moritz Theodor Frommelt: History of the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg . Leipzig 1838.
- ALJ Michelsen: Documented exit of the county of Orlamünde: mainly based on documents from the Hofmann-Heydenreich manuscript . Frommann publishing house. 1856.
- Regesta and documents about the Church of Our Dear Women in Orlamünde . In: Publications of the Association for History and Antiquity in Kahla .
- HC von Gabelentz : Genealogical tables and regesta of the counts of Orlamünde . In: Correspondence sheet of the general association of German history and antiquity associations . 1867. Nos. 6-10.
- Viktor Lommer: Regesta and yearbooks of the city of Orlamünde
- Paul Götz: Des Paulus Jovius [pseud.] Chronicle of the Counts of Orlamünde . 1886.
- Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . 1864. p. 614ff.
- Johann Wilhelm Holle : The counts of Orlamünde to Blassenberg . In: Archive for the history of Upper Franconia . Volume 7, 3rd issue. Bayreuth 1858. pp. 1-14.
Web links
- Orlamünde Bibliography from the Wildenfels Castle Archive
- Genealogy Middle Ages: The Ascanian Counts of Weimar-Orlamünde
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmuth Meißner: Collegiate Church, former monastery and Himmelkron Castle . Munich / Berlin 1998. pp. 2,6-9.