German National Sales Aid Association

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The German National Trade Aid Association (DHV) was an employee union with ethnic , anti-Semitic , economic and socio-political interests that existed from 1893 to 1933.

Foundation and history until 1918

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On September 2, 1893, the "German Handhelds Association" was constituted in Hamburg as a corporate interest group for commercial employees. It was founded on the initiative of Protestant youth associations , which were supporters of the court preacher Adolf Stoecker and his Christian-social movement . On January 1, 1896, the name was then changed to the “German National Action Aid Association”, which made it clear to the outside world that the DHV belonged to the ethnic and anti-Semitic movement. The association described itself as "born out of anti-Semitism". So he did not accept any Jews as members. Women were also denied membership. The increasing employment of women in salaried professions during the imperial era was described as "dirt competition" and perceived as a threat. The DHV supported anti-feminist associations such as the German Confederation founded in 1912 to combat women's emancipation . Politically, the DHV positioned itself against the liberal employee associations that were dominant at the time (such as the 58 Association , the Vorwärts Association and the Association of German Handlers ), the "anti-national" social democracy and the "Jewish" called big business.

In addition to this political activity, the association campaigned for comprehensive social policy measures. For example, as a self-help organization, he founded his own loan and health insurance company (Sparkasse der DHV and Deutschnationale Krankenkasse) as well as an employment agency. The efforts to enforce Sunday rest , a general improvement of the insurance system for merchants (Deutschnationaler Versicherungsring) as well as the protection of apprentices were at least as important to the DHV as anti-Semitic agitation , especially during and after the First World War . The association proved to be particularly successful through its extensive press system and nationwide organization with 1,300 local groups in 1914 throughout the German Reich and abroad.

After the turn of the century, the DHV, which had its own association house on Hamburg's Holstenwall , was so strong that it was able to support anti-Semitic parties and other associations personally and financially. In the direction dispute of 1910/11, the socio-political wing under the new DHV head Hans Bechly prevailed against the German nationalists. Thus the distancing from the German Social Party and the resignations from the Pan-German Association , the German Association and the Reich Hammer Association . At the end of 1904, the apprentice departments with legal and insurance protection were founded. The DHV joined the Society for Social Reform and the Federation of German Land Reformers . In 1905, with 75,000 members, the DHV had grown to become the largest employee union in terms of numbers; in 1913 it had almost 150,000 members.

From 1903 the association built up an Austrian section of the union, which had its headquarters in Vienna. In 1913 it had over 10,000 members.

History since 1918

Debenture for 100 Marks of the German National Handler Association from July 1, 1922

In 1919, the DHV participated in the Berlin workers strike and joined with some smaller federations for General Association of German Professional Employees (Gedag) together, which in turn is the majority shareholder of Catholic social teaching -oriented Christian trade unions leaned. The associations united in the Gedag grew to 592,000 members by 1930, which corresponds to around 40% of the organized employees. Since 1926, the Gedag was the strongest and most influential association of employees in the Weimar Republic, the leading role was played by the DHV.

In 1922 the DHV took over Lobeda Castle , which it expanded as a youth castle ; In 1933 it became a Reichsführer-school of the NSDAP. In 1928 the association bought the financially troubled Georg Müller Verlag, which Gustav Pezold managed from then on. This merged in 1932 with Albert Langen Verlag to form Langen Müller Verlag , which in 1936, like the association's own Hanseatic publishing house , was incorporated into the German Labor Front .

Politically, the DHV initially leaned primarily on the DNVP , and to a lesser extent on the DVP , the center , the DDP or nationalist splinter groups. After 1930 the association increasingly came to terms with the new power factor of the NSDAP . In 1933 the DHV was brought into line. On the one hand, pressure from the NSDAP and the hope of the DHV leadership to secure the existence of the DHV in the National Socialist state through adaptation played a role. On the other hand, the DHV has now identified with the NSDAP as part of a common folk movement. The deputy head of the association, Hermann Miltzow, wrote in March 1933 in the Handels-Wacht : “We did not retrain in 1919 and therefore do not need to retrain in 1933 either. […] For us, the colors black, white and red and the swastika were always the symbols of the ethnic and national ideals of our movement. ”A little later, the DHV was incorporated into the German Labor Front.

After 1945, some joined the former DHV members of the German employees' union at (DAG), others founded in 1950 the Germans Handlungsgehilfenverband which in 1956 Association industry employees German trade and renamed.

Published magazines

  • German trade watch . Monthly magazine of the Reich German DHV.
  • Social trade circular . 1915 renamed "Ostmärkische Handelsrundschau". Independent body of the Austrian branch of the DHV.
  • Leaves for young merchants . Organ of the DHV youth organization.
  • Yearbook for German national sales assistants . 1900-1927.
  • Deutsches Volkstum: Monthly for the German intellectual life . Published 1917–1938 a. a. in the Hanseatic publishing house in Hamburg.
  • The New Literature . Editor-in-chief Will Vesper

literature

  • Richard Döring, Bruno Plintz: The German National Trade Aid Association in the Reich capital from 1895-1925. Hamburg 1926.
  • Iris Hamel: Völkischer Verband and national union. The German National Sales Aid Association 1893–1933. European Publishing House, Frankfurt am Main 1967. Publications by the Research Center for the History of National Socialism in Hamburg; Volume 6. (also dissertation, University of Hamburg 1967)
  • Peter Rütters: The German National Action Aid Association (DHV) and National Socialism (PDF; 159 kB) Lecture at a conference of the Sachsenhausen Memorial with the title The German trade unions between 1933 and 1945. Surrender and adjustment. Waiting period and resistance in 2007, illustrated. in Historisch Politische Mitteilungen (Ed. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung ) No. 9/2009, p. 81 ff.
  • Albert Zimmermann: The German National Trade Aid Association - Being, Working and Wanting. Hamburg 1928.
  • Catalog study and vacation trips of the DHV 1926, archive.org

Movies

  • 1928 German National Sales Aid Association (documentary film) - Vera-Filmwerke

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dieter Fricke, Werner Fritsch: German National Handicrafts Association . In: Dieter Fricke (Ed.): Lexicon for the history of parties - The bourgeois and petty bourgeois parties and associations in Germany (1789–1945) . Volume 2. Leipzig 1984, pp. 457-475. here p. 459.
  2. ↑ Fricke: German National . P. 460.
  3. ^ The new home of the German National Handicrafts Association in Hamburg . In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Vol. 44, No. 51 (December 20, 1924), urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-opus-57588 , pp. 447–450.
  4. ↑ Fricke: German National. P. 461f.
  5. ↑ Iris Hamel: Völkischer Verband and national trade union. The German National Sales Aid Association 1893–1933 . Frankfurt am Main 1967, p. 260 f.
  6. ↑ Iris Hamel: Völkischer Verband and national trade union. The German National Sales Aid Association 1893–1933 . Frankfurt am Main 1967, p. 260 f.
  7. ↑ Chemnitz weekly chess . In: Allgemeine Zeitung Chemnitz , June 2, 1935.
  8. ^ Ascan Gossler: Journal for Journalism and Conservative Revolution: The "German Volkstum" as an organ of right-wing intellectualism 1918-1933 . Münster 2001, ISBN 3-8258-5558-9 .