Wöllmisse
| Wöllmisse | ||
|---|---|---|
| Highest peak | Elevation at the deserted airship (formerly Burgrabis ) ( 404.8 m above sea level ) | |
| location | Independent city of Jena and Saale-Holzland-Kreis , Thuringia ( Germany ) | |
| part of | Ilm-Saale- and Ohrdrufer plate , Thuringian basin (with edge plates) | |
| Classification according to | Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany | |
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 55 ' N , 11 ° 40' E | |
| rock | Shell limestone | |
The Wöllmisse (dialect Wölmse ) is up to 404.8 m above sea level. NHN high plateau east of the Saale Valley near the city of Jena and in the Saale-Holzland district in Thuringia .
Geographical location
The Wöllmisse borders on the Roda valley in the south, the Jena Saale valley in the west, the Gembdenbachtal in the north and the urban area of Bürgel and the Gleistal in the east. At Rodigast , the ridge is connected to the Jenzig - Hufeisen - Alter Gleisberg formation via a saddle . The smallest difference in altitude is in the Schöngleina - Zinna area , where the plateau only gradually merges into the lower elevations towards Klosterlausnitz .
Neighboring municipalities as well as city and districts of Jena are (starting clockwise in the north): Großlöbichau with the district Kleinlöbichau ; the Bürgel districts Rodigast and Lucka ; Schöngleina with Zinna ; Schlöben with the districts and settlements of Mennewitz , Zöttnitz , Rabis and Fraitsch , as well as the Jena districts of Ilmnitz , Drackendorf , Lobeda , Wöllnitz , Ziegenhain , Camsdorf , Wenigenjena , Jenaprießnitz and Wogau . Also Trockhausen , Gröben and Podelsatz are counted among the Wöllmisse villages, all of which are located at the southern foot of the ridge leading to the Roda.
In the southwest of the Wöllmisse, near Lobeda, a district of Jena , is the ruin of the Lobdeburg, first mentioned in 1166 .
The Jena-Schöngleina airfield is located on the eastern part of the plateau .
mountains
In addition to the closed high plateau of the Wöllmisse with a maximum height of 404.8 m , there are several mountain ledges created by valleys. The largest are the Kernberge and the Jena local mountain and the Johannisberge in the west. They protrude a maximum of around 250 m above the Saale valley. The most important mountains are - sorted by height in meters (m) above sea level (NHN):
- Elevation at the deserted airship (formerly Burgrabis ; 404.8 m), north of Rabis
-
Kernberge (391.6 m), southeast of Jena (center)
- Hummelsberg (375.2 m), north of Wöllnitz
- Wachtelberg (399.2 m), north-northeast of Drackendorf
- Jena local mountain (391.7 m), east of Jena (center)
- Einsiedlerberg (389.2 m), east of Drackendorf
- Hirschberg (386.0 m), south of Wogau
- Wölmse (383.1 m), south of Kleinlöbichau
- Johannisberg ( Läuseberg ; 373.0 m), northeast of Alt-Lobeda
- Schloßberg (approx. 300 m), southeast of Alt-Lobeda (with the Lobdeburg )
Protected areas
Parts of the Middle Saale Valley landscape protection area (CDDA no. 20826; 1972; 166.0169 km² ) are located on the entire Wöllmisse . Large parts of the wooded plateau belonged to the core area of the large nature conservation project Orchid Region Jena - Muschelkalkhangs in the middle Saale valley, which expired at the end of 2007 . These areas are now part of the Kernberge and Wöllmisse nature reserve near Jena ( CDDA no. 329484; designated 2001; 20.7766 km² in size). Parts of the fauna-flora-habitat area Kernberge-Wöllmisse (FFH no. 5035-304; 20.45 km²) are located in large parts of the landscape .
history
In 1856 an important hoard from the Hallstatt period was discovered near the Fraitsch Vorwerk , which was received as the "Schlöben depot find". This proves that the Wöllmisse was already settled 2500 to 3000 years ago.
The ridge is mentioned for the first time in 1349 as "Welmuse". The landscape and place name Wöllnitz, which is closely related to the Wöllmisse, has two interpretations:
- The name is derived as Velnica from the Slavic "vel", which means "clearing".
- The name goes back to the Old High German word walmiso , which means "moist mountain forest".
According to legend, there was a forest maiden in the woods of Wöllmisse who rode a white stag. A hunter tried to shoot the animal, but missed the deer. Since then, not a single piece of game has been shot on the heights.
There used to be a number of other settlements in the Wöllmisse area. In 1471, the Drauschwitz desert near Mennewitz is mentioned in a document from the Roda monastery . The church of the lost village was preserved for several centuries. Another desert, of which no documentary evidence exists so far, is Hungersdorf in the Großlöbichau district. It is only accessible through hallway names. Possibly one of the three "Löbichau" mentioned in Bürgel's hereditary interest register from 1485 to 1492 can be identified here.
Other desert areas in the Wöllmisse area are: Büsitz / Büschitz, Schlendorf, Oberrodigast, Lodensitz, Hirschdorf, Selzdorf and Clöchwitz. Not to be forgotten are the two Vorwerke Drackendorf (today desolate) and Luftschiff (formerly Burgrabis ), which were created by the landlords of Drackendorf and Schlöben to manage the plateau and at the same time mark the course of a former trade route.
During the Middle Ages, the Wöllmisse was almost completely cleared and viticulture was carried out on the conveniently located slopes. Since the last century there has been an increase in reforestation. The Wöllmisse is an important local recreation area for Jena, especially with its slopes to Jena, the Kernberge and the Pennickental .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ a b c d e Ruth Kallies : Who knows the places, knows the names? - Old Jena locations from Alterstein to Wöllmisse . Jenzig-Verlag, Jena 2000, ISBN 3-910141-40-4
- ↑ Thuringian Main State Archive Weimar, Ernestine General Archive, Reg. Bb 12. The following are mentioned here: Großlöbichau, Wenigenlöbichau and Oberlöbichau
- ^ Andrei Zahn: Closewitz and the Kapellendorf monastery . In: Sheets of the Association for Thuringian History e. V. Vol. 15.2005, Jena, pp. 6-14
