Core mountains
| Core mountains | ||
|---|---|---|
 The core mountains (center) above Jena |
||
| height | 391.6 m above sea level NN | |
| location | Thuringia , Germany | |
| Mountains | Wöllmisse , Ilm-Saale- and Ohrdrufer Platte | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 54 '50 " N , 11 ° 36' 14" E | |
|
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| rock | Shell limestone | |
The core mountains are 391.6 m above sea level. NHN high Muschelkalkbergzug east of Jena . Together with the Johannisberg and the Hausberg, it forms the south-eastern front of the Saale Valley in Jena. It extends from the Ziegenhain valley to the Johannisberg.
Geological peculiarities of the core mountains are the devil's holes, the student slide and the thieves' crib.
geography
The core mountains lie southeast of Jena city center and are connected to the shell limestone plateau of the Wöllmisse in the east . The mountain ridge, which runs in a west-east direction, is strongly divided into the Pennickental valley by numerous small incisions , especially in the west and south . Foothills of the western Hummelsberg (375.2 m) include the Sophienhöhe (368 m), the Rabensberge (approx. 350 m), the Ernst-Häckel-Höhe and the Ziegenberg . To the north of the Ziegenhain Valley is the Ziegenhain district and the Wöllnitz district to the southwest .
Emergence
From a geological point of view, Jena lies on red sandstone with embedded layers of plaster. Muschelkalk can also be found in higher elevations, as there used to be sea in the Jena area. Red sandstone and shell limestone were deposited through sedimentation (the latter is formed by the residues of single-celled marine life). These Triassic layers are 220 to 280 million years old.
Student slide
The student slide is a geological fault in the shell limestone of the core mountains. It is located between the Kernbergviertel and Wöllnitz Lobeda . The erosion channel is very distinctive and easy to recognize from many places in Jena. The student slide is the third opening of the second geological educational trail in Jena. An explanatory board is not far from the outcrop on the way. It probably got its name from students who performed a test of courage in the form of sliding down the scree slope.
Devil holes
The Teufelslöcher are caves at the foot of the core mountains in Jena. The rock in which the devil's holes are located contains a lot of gypsum (fossil-free gypsum or base gypsum from the red saline series). In the past, these caves were partly created by gypsum mining in this area (right cave entrance) and were later expanded by the force of the water (corrosion / karstification). A spring rises right next to the cave entrances on the border to the sandstone below. It is very calcareous and contains some Epsom salt , which gives the water a distinctive taste. Lime sinter deposits could form in the area of the source outlet over the years. The Teufelslöcher was first mentioned in 1319 and is therefore the oldest documented cave in Thuringia. In 1963, the site was placed under protection as a natural monument.
The “Teufelslöcher” cave is listed under 5035 / TB-01 in the Central German cave cadastre (managed by the Dresden cave research group). A few 100 m north of the Teufelslöcher, a striking geological fault can be seen on the slope, the so-called Lichtenhain fault. There the chirotheria sandstone appears at the same level. The local history nature trail begins at the Teufelslöchern and near it, approx. 100 m north of the Lichtenhain fault, the second geological trail in Jena begins .
use
The alabaster dismantled here was used around 1800 to build the new residential palace in Weimar. During the Second World War, the caves were used as a storage space for fruit and vegetables.
habitat
The Devil's Holes are best known for the various bat species that live here. The endangered lesser horseshoe bat , the pug bat and the great mouse-eared bat deserve special mention. Beech marten and insects such as snakes, bees, flies and butterflies also like to retreat to the caves.
legend
According to a Thuringian legend , the inhabitants of Wöllnitz never passed the devil's holes without crossing themselves and shouting “Ha, ha!” In order not to meet the cursed bird-maker who lived in the holes and kept people prisoner inside the Kernberg. Goethe's brother-in-law, Christian August Vulpius , spun this legend into a story in his Thuringian sagas and folk tales (1823).
Touristic
Three hiking trails run along the core mountains - the upper, middle and lower horizontal - and also the second geological nature trail of Jena . The Kernberglauf has been taking place over the Kernberg since 1977 .
TV converter / DVB-T transmitter
Since mid-2008, Jena has been supplied with digital terrestrial television by a transmission mast operated by Deutsche Funkturm GmbH on the Kernberge . Previously there was an analog TV converter at this point , which was dismantled on March 19, 2008.
The DVB-T transmitter emitted the signal with an effective radiated power of 25 kW (54.75 m high); the old analog converter only emitted 1.3 kW at a height of 32 m. Although the limit value utilization is on average ten times higher after the changeover, the limit values are far from being reached.
On March 29, 2017, the broadcasting of DVB-T programs ended and regular operation of DVB-T2 HD began. Since then, the programs of the ARD ( MDR -Mux), the ZDF and the commercial offer of freenet TV ( encoded in Irdeto ) have been broadcasting in the DVB-T2 standard using the HEVC video coding process and in Full HD resolution.
Digital television (DVB-T2)
The DVB-T2 HD -Ausstrahlungen from Jena are simulcast (Single Frequency Network) with other transmitter sites.
All channels shown in italics are encrypted and can only be received via the DVB-T2 HD platform freenet TV .
| channel |
Frequency ( MHz) |
Multiplex | Programs in multiplex |
ERP (kW) |
Antenna pattern / round (ND) directed (D) |
Polarization horizontal (H) / vertical (V) |
Modulation method | FEC | Guard interval |
Bit rate (Mbit / s) |
Single frequency network (SFN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 | 522 | MDR 1 (ARD) | 10 | ND | V | 64-QAM | 3/5 | 19/256 | 23.6 | Jena (Kernberge), Erfurt-Windischholzhausen , Weimar (Großer Ettersberg) , Gera , Inselsberg | |
| 21st | 474 | MDR 2 (ARD) | 10 | ND | V | 64-QAM | 3/5 | 19/256 | 23.6 | Jena (Kernberge), Erfurt-Windischholzhausen , Weimar (Großer Ettersberg) | |
| 41 | 634 | Substream 0:
ZDF ( ZDFmobil ) Substream 1: MEDIA BROADCAST |
Substream 0:
Substream 1: |
5 | ND | V | 64-QAM | 3/5 | 19/128 | 22nd | Jena (Kernberge), Erfurt-Windischholzhausen , Weimar (Großer Ettersberg) , Inselsberg |
| 44 | 658 | MEDIA BROADCAST
( RTL Group ) |
10 | ND | V | 64-QAM | 2/3 | 1/16 | 27.6 | Jena (Kernberge), Erfurt-Windischholzhausen , Weimar (Großer Ettersberg) | |
| 33 | 570 | MEDIA BROADCAST | 10 | ND | V | 64-QAM | 2/3 | 1/16 | 27.6 | Jena (Kernberge), Erfurt-Windischholzhausen , Weimar (Großer Ettersberg) | |
| 47 | 682 | MEDIA BROADCAST | Substream 0:
Substream 1:
|
10 | ND | V | 64-QAM | 2/3 | 1/16 | 27.6 | Jena (Kernberge), Erfurt-Windischholzhausen , Weimar (Großer Ettersberg) , Gera |
1) To receiveARD-alpha HD (Internet)andSWR BW HD (Internet), anhbb-TV capabledevice is required.
Web links
- Website with map ( Memento from April 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- Second geological nature trail from Jena
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ ZEHNER, I .: The Devil's Holes in Jena (5035 / TB-01). : 10-11 THE CAVE EXPLORER, Dresden vol. 13 (1981)
- ↑ Yannik Behme: "Thuringian sagas and folk fairy tales". In: Other Classics - The work of Christian August Vulpius (1762-1827) . Edited by Alexander Košenina. Hanover 2012, p. 171.
- ↑ Helicopter flies parts of the steel lattice mast on Kernberge / Jena. First element of the new location flown onto the core mountains at noon today +++ Strong wind impaired work. In: dvbt-mitteldeutschland.de. Archived from the original on October 4, 2009 ; Retrieved January 30, 2013 ((archive.org)).
- ↑ New DVB-T transmitter mast for Jena now complete - helicopter flew antenna on core mountains this morning. In: dvbt-mitteldeutschland.de. Archived from the original on October 4, 2009 ; Retrieved January 30, 2013 ((archive.org)).
- ↑ DVB-T activation in the morning hours - digital antenna television starts in Jena, southern Thuringia, western Thuringia and in the Altmark. In: dvbt-mitteldeutschland.de. Archived from the original on October 4, 2009 ; Retrieved January 30, 2013 ((archive.org)).
- ↑ EMF measurements before & after the introduction of the dgt. Television. In: jena.de. Retrieved January 30, 2013 .