House Wettin
The House of Wettin with over 1,000 years of a family history of the oldest documented proven families of the German nobility , the historical significance for the country's history of the federal states of Saxony , Thuringia , Saxony-Anhalt and Bavaria due. The dynasty derives its name from Wettin Castle , located near Halle .
Since the high Middle Ages , the family provided numerous margraves of Meissen , landgraves of Thuringia as well as dukes and electors of Saxony . In 1485, with the division of Leipzig, two main lines emerged - the Ernestine line with the main rulership of today's Thuringia and the Albertine line with the main rulership of today's Free State of Saxony.
In 1806 the Albertines received the royal dignity of Saxony; the last king Friedrich August III. abdicated in 1918 after the events of the November Revolution . Until the same year, the Ernestines ruled the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and the Duchies of Saxe-Altenburg , Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and Saxe-Meiningen . Several monarchs of Saxony, Poland , Belgium , Portugal , Bulgaria and Great Britain emerged from the Wettins up to modern times . The current ruling monarchs of Ernestine descent are the British Queen Elizabeth II and the Belgian King Philippe .
origin
The Wettin house can be traced back to the second half of the 10th century. It is, after the older Guelphs and Reginars (the House of Hesse ), the only remaining family in Germany that is documented before the turn of the first millennium. The other later great dynasties such as the Hohenzollern , Habsburg , Wittelsbach , Ascan , Oldenburg , Obotriten and Zähringer all appear in written records only after the year 1000.
The chronicler Thietmar von Merseburg tells about the earliest known tribal elders of the Wettins that Count Dedo I (in the original Daedi comes ) (* around 960; † November 13, 1009) was the son of a Dietrich (in the original Thiedrico ) . Both are said to have belonged to the tribe of the so-called "Buzici", whose genealogical connection to the noble families of the Sorbs in the area of the Limes Sorabicus is unclear and who - defeated, subject to tribute and become submissive - would not have been considered worth mentioning. Dedo is said to have served as a vassal to an agnatic relative in the Limes Sorabicus, the Gaugrafen Rikdag († 985) .
Various considerations have been made in the historical literature about the origin of Dietrich and Dedo de Buzici. A view from Friedrich Kurze's dissertation from 1886, which Otto Posse took over in his genealogy of the House of Wettin in 1897, relates the tribal name Buzici to a "Buco" or "Buzo", which is said to be a short form of the name "Burchard", and identifies the Buzici therefore with the Burchards, followers of the Carolingians since Charlemagne . Two aristocrats who died in the Battle of Cape Colonna against the Saracens (July 13, 982), Burchard IV. In Hassegau and Dedi, are seen as brothers Dietrichs I and Hassegaugraf Dedi ( Téti ), who died in 957, as their father. An extension of this interpretation of the Latin-language text traces Dietrich's descent back to a Burchard von Thuringia , margrave in the Limes Sorabicus in the vicinity of the Bavarian Nordgau , who fell against the Hungarians in 908 .
A second view on the origins of the House of Wettin, represented by Reinhard Wenskus and Stefan Pätzold , leads the Buzici back to the lead name Burchard and Dietrich considers a son of the Swabian Duke Burchard III. († 973) from the Burchardinger family , who spent some time in Saxony after 926 and is said to come from a first marriage with an Immedinger named Wieltrud, which is not documented . To support this theory of origin of the Buzici , it is stated that in the preface to the Sachsenspiegel, which was created in the 13th century, the House of Wettin is counted among the Franconian families.
A third theory of origin, represented in the lexicon of the Middle Ages , sees Dietrich as the son of the Harz Count Volkmar (Folcmar, around 945). This is supported by the fact that the agnatic relative Rikdag is considered a member of the Harz Gaugrafen, a clan that can be traced back to the 9th century.
Early history
The lordship of Wettin in the Gau Nudzici is mentioned in writing for the first time in a document issued on July 29, 961 by King Otto I the Great . The later emperor determined that, among other things, the church tithe drawn up by Wettin was to be paid to the St. Moritz monastery in Magdeburg . The manor of Wettin belonged a short time later to the Meissen march of Count Rikdag , in whose service Dedo I, who was agnatically related to him, was among others. Apparently this had received the manorial rule from the margrave as an allod , which from then on remained hereditary in the family. However, the ancestral seat of the early Wettins was initially Eilenburg Castle , which Dedo II inherited as the eldest son of Dietrich II . The Eilenburg branch of the clan later acquired the margraviate of Meißen, but died out in the male line in 1123.
A younger son of Dietrich II was Thimo , who had inherited Wettin Castle from his father, along with other family goods. Ultimately, all subsequent generations of the Wettins descended from him, and apparently the eponymous castle already served as his preferred ancestral seat. Because Thimo was the first of his family who was already known in contemporary chronicles as "Count von Wettin". Derived from the name of this ancestral castle, the descendants and also retrospectively the ancestors of Thimos were called "Wettiner", a family name that became generally in use for this family in the 13th century at the latest, as was the genealogy of the early Wettins that emerged at this time Genealogica Wettinensis , begets.
Rise and division
Under the leading German dynasties, the Wettiner established from Konrad the Great , who after a victorious struggle for power with wiprecht of groitzsch with the support of the Saxon duke Lothar von Süpplingenburg the Margraviate of Meissen was able to bring in itself with which he Emperor 1125 Henry V was officially invested .
From then on, the Wettins did not give up the Mark Meißen, it became the starting point for their expansion into the Thuringian region. The Wettin castle , however, came after the extinction of the Wettin Count line 1217 in inheritance to the wettinischen Counts of Brehna . Otto IV von Brehna sold the County of Wettin to the Archbishop of Magdeburg on November 14, 1288 . It was converted into an archiepiscopal office .
Otto the Rich († 1190), the son of Conrad the Great, received the Margraviate of Meissen. His brother Dietrich II got the margraviate of Lausitz and named himself “Margrave of Landsberg” after his castle seat .
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Having emerged victorious from the Thuringian-Hessian War of Succession , Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious was also able to win the Landgraviate of Thuringia for his dynasty in the 13th century . Friedrich der Freidige (the bitten) and his brother Dietrich (Diezmann) were able to successfully defend the power of the Wettins against King Albrecht I of Habsburg in the victorious battle of Lucka on May 31, 1307.
In 1423 Frederick the Arguable received the Duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg and the County of Brehna . With the transfer of the duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg to the Meissnian margrave, the Wettins were finally able to join the German electors due to the associated Saxon electoral dignity .
As is common with other German houses, the Wettins regularly divided their possessions between sons and brothers, which often led to tensions. After the death of Friedrich IV. Disagreements between his nephews Friedrich II. And Wilhelm III. to the Altenburg division . Despite Halle's power of attorney in 1445, the conflict later escalated to the Saxon Fratricidal War .
Leipzig division
The so-called “Leipzig division” in 1485, in which Elector Ernst and his younger brother Albrecht the Courageous agreed to divide the Wettin lands, turned out to be particularly momentous . Ernst mainly took over the Landgraviate of Thuringia and the Duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg including the indivisible electoral dignity associated with it, Albrecht the Mark of Meißen including the title "Duke of Saxony". In contrast to the previous divisions, this one has permanently solidified dynastically. The division of Leipzig led to the emergence of the Ernestine line and the Albertine line , which exist to this day.
The medieval Wettins
| Name (life data) |
relationship | title | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Dietrich I. (Thiedrico) († probably before 976/966) |
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Dedo I. (Daedi) (* around 960; † November 13, 1009) |
Son of the predecessor | Count of Merseburg | |
|
Dietrich II. (* Around 990; † November 19, 1034) |
Son of the predecessor | Count in Hassegau and Margrave of Lusatia (Dietrich I.) | |
|
Dedo II (around 1010 - 1075) |
Son of the predecessor | Count of Eilenburg and the Gaue Siusili, Serimunt and Nizizi, Margrave of Lusatia (Dedo I.) | |
|
Dedo III († 1069) |
first son Dedo II. | Margrave of Lusatia (Dedo II.) | |
|
Heinrich I the Elder (around 1070 - 1103) |
second son Dedo II. | Margrave of Lusatia and Meissen | |
|
Henry II the Younger (* 1103; † 1123) |
Son of the predecessor | Margrave of Lusatia and Meissen | |
|
Thimo (* before 1034; † 1091 or 1118) |
Son Dietrich II. | Count of Wettin, Brehna and Kistritz | |
|
Dedo IV. († December 16, 1124) |
first son Thimos | Count of Wettin and Groitzsch | |
|
Konrad the Great (around 1098 - February 5, 1157) |
second son Thimos | Count of Wettin and Margrave of Meißen and Lausitz | |
|
Otto the Rich (* 1125 - † February 18, 1190) |
Son of the predecessor | Margrave of Meissen | |
|
Albrecht I the Proud (* 1158 - 24 June 1195) |
Son of the predecessor | Margrave of Meissen | |
|
Dietrich the oppressed (* 1162; † February 18, 1221) |
Brother of the predecessor | Margrave of Meissen and Lusatia (Dietrich III.) | |
|
Henry III. the illustrious (* around 1215; † February 15, 1288) |
Son of the predecessor | Margrave of Meissen and Lusatia (Heinrich IV.), Landgrave of Thuringia and Count Palatine of Saxony | |
|
Albrecht II the Degenerate (* 1240; † 1314/1315) |
Son of the predecessor | Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen | |
|
Frederick I the Bitten / the Bitten (* 1257 - † November 16, 1323) |
Son of the predecessor | Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen | |
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Frederick II the Serious (November 30, 1310 - November 18, 1349) |
Son of the predecessor | Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen | |
|
Friedrich III. the strictness (14 December 1332 - 21 May 1381) |
first son of Frederick the Serious | Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen | |
|
Balthasar (December 21, 1336 - May 18, 1406) |
second son of Frederick the Serious | Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen | |
|
Wilhelm I the one-eyed (born December 19, 1343 - † February 9, 1407) |
third son of Frederick the Serious | Margrave of Meissen | |
|
Frederick IV the Peaceful (* 1384 - 7 May 1440) |
Son of Balthasar | Landgrave of Thuringia | |
|
Frederick IV / I the controversial (April 11, 1370 - January 4, 1428) |
first son of Frederick the Strict | Margrave of Meissen and Landgrave of Thuringia. The Saxon duchy and the electoral dignity associated with it were transferred to him in 1423. | |
|
Wilhelm II the Rich (April 23, 1371 - March 30, 1425) |
second son of Frederick the Strict | Margrave of Meissen | |
|
Frederick II the Meek (* August 22, 1412 - † September 7, 1464) |
first son of Frederick the Quarrelsome | Duke and Elector of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen, Landgrave of Thuringia | |
|
William III. the brave (April 30, 1425 - September 17, 1482) |
second son of Frederick the Quarrelsome | Landgrave of Thuringia | |
| The "Leipzig division" established the division of the Wettins into the older Ernestine line and the younger Albertine line, which continues to this day. | |||
coat of arms
Original coat of arms of the Wettins as Counts of Wettin (" Margraves of Landsberg "), the so-called Landsberg Piles
Coat of arms of the Wettins
as the Margrave of Meißen
Coat of arms of the Wettins
as Landgraves of Thuringia and Margraves of Meissen
Coat of arms of the Wettins
as imperial arch marshals and elector of Saxony
Coat of arms of the Wettins
as dukes and kings of Saxony
Ernestiner
The older "Ernestine line", which descended from Elector Ernst, acquired a special historical significance , particularly through its protection for the Reformation in the 16th century. Elector Frederick the Wise offered the reformer Martin Luther safe asylum from the persecution of Emperor Charles V at the Wartburg . As a result, however, the Ernestines also came into conflict with their Albertine cousins, who initially remained loyal to the imperial-Catholic side in the confessional struggles that broke out . As a result, the Ernestines were withdrawn from the Electorate of Saxony in 1547, which was transferred to the Albertine Moritz . Nevertheless, this also later went over to the Protestant side .
However, like the Albertines, the Ernestines retained the title of Duke of Saxony , which was transferred to all male members of the family. As the original main title, it was used in addition to the preceding line title (Prince of ...) , which referred to the relevant sub-territory.
Through the continued practice of dividing inheritance, several Saxon duchies emerged on Thuringian soil in the following centuries (see main article: Ernestine duchies ). Because of these divisions, however, the Ernestines lost their political importance. As in all of Germany, the monarchy in Thuringia was abolished after the end of the First World War in the course of the November Revolution in 1918 and the Free State of Thuringia was proclaimed.
Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen
Dukes of Saxe-Altenburg
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Ernestine Elector of Saxony
| image | Name (life data) |
relationship | title |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ernst (March 24, 1441 - August 26, 1486) |
first son of Frederick the Meek | Elector of Saxony, Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen |
|
Friedrich III. the wise (January 17, 1463 - May 5, 1525) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony and Landgrave of Thuringia |
|
John the Steadfast (born June 13, 1468 - † August 16, 1532) |
Brother of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony and Landgrave of Thuringia |
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Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous (June 30, 1503 - March 3, 1554) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony and Landgrave of Thuringia. In 1547 he lost the Saxon electoral dignity to the Albertine line and since then has had the title of "Duke of Saxony". |
Ernestiner in Europe (Coburger)
The Ernestine line of the Wettins only regained European importance in the 19th century through a far-reaching marriage policy, in that not only their female members in ruling royal houses, but also their male representatives could marry the heiresses of royal thrones or who became independent on the thrones Monarchies were established. Only the members of the branch of the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha stood out .
Belgium
The Belgian line was founded by Prince Leopold Georg of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who in 1831 was elected as Leopold I as their king by the National Congress of the Belgians who had just become independent . His descendants are the kings of the Belgians to this day.
Portugal
Two of Leopold's nephews won a European throne through their marriages, which he had been instrumental in mediating. Prince Ferdinand August von Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha married Queen Maria II of Portugal in 1836 and, as Ferdinand II, became her co-king. His descendants were the last kings of Portugal until the abolition of the monarchy and the proclamation of the republic in 1910. With King Manuel II , the Portuguese line also died out in the male line, and the pretendership to the throne passed back to the representatives of the old royal house of Braganza .
Great Britain
Leopold's second successfully placed nephew was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , who married Queen Victoria of Great Britain in 1840 . Although he himself assumed the position of Prince Consort, the accession of her son Edward VII to the throne established the “House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha” on the British throne, which took the name “Windsor” during the First World War due to anti-German sentiments. The current representative is Queen Elizabeth II , who will also be the last British Wettin in the Agnatic tribe on the throne, as her heirs via the Prince Consort Prince Philip belong to the Oldenburg family , which is also widely ramified in Europe and will bear the name Mountbatten-Windsor . The Wettins will be represented in Britain in the future by the Dukes of Gloucester and Dukes of Kent .
Bulgaria
Prince Albert's great-nephew was Prince Ferdinand Maximilian of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry. In 1887, as Ferdinand I, with Austrian support, he became Prince of Bulgaria , whose tsar he rose to be after the country gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. The monarchy was abolished after the end of the Second World War in 1946, the last tsar and current pretender Simeon Sakskoburggotski (Simeon II) was Prime Minister of Bulgaria between 2001 and 2005.
Kings of Belgium (since 1831)
Kings of Portugal (1836-1910)
Tsars of Bulgaria (1887–1946)
Kings of Great Britain and Ireland (since Edward VII , 1901)
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House bosses of the Ernestines
| House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
Michael-Benedikt von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Senior-Wettiner (born November 15, 1946) |
| House of Saxony-Meiningen |
Konrad von Sachsen-Meiningen (born April 14, 1952) |
| House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
Andreas of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (born March 21, 1943) |
| House of Windsor |
Richard, Duke of Gloucester (born August 26, 1944) |
(The Sachsen-Altenburg line has been extinct in the male line since 1991.)
Albertiner
In contrast to the Ernestines, the Albertine Wettins knew how to avoid the weakening of their household power through larger inheritance divisions. This gave them a position among the leading territorial princes of Germany. Through skilful political and military tactics, Moritz even achieved the transfer of the Saxon electoral dignity from the emperor in 1547, which from then on remained connected with the Albertine-Meissnian land. Baroque prince Friedrich August the Strong was the first Wettin to attain royal dignity in 1697 by buying his election as King of Poland. Under him, Electorate of Saxony achieved a cultural and political bloom. As a result of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in the Napoleonic Wars in 1806, Friedrich August the Just assumed the title of king and founded the Kingdom of Saxony . The defeat of Saxony in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, connected with the end of Napoleon Bonaparte , cost the country a large part of its territory, and after Prussia's victory in the Battle of Königgrätz in 1866 it came under his influence.
In 1871 the Kingdom of Saxony joined the German Empire as a federal state . As in all of Germany, the monarchy in Saxony was abolished after the end of the First World War in the course of the November Revolution in 1918 and the Free State of Saxony was proclaimed. With the abdication in 1918, the Wettins were expropriated as part of the prince expropriation in Saxony. The family then founded the family association Haus Wettin Albertinischer Line eV in 1922, which served as the contact for the state in matters of property law. In June 1924, the division between state and private assets was finally regulated by a state treaty. The family association only got Moritzburg Castle ; the other royal castles became state property. In addition, the Wettins received various payments. The last king, Friedrich August III. , died in 1932 in his private castle Sibyllenort in Silesia; his son Friedrich Christian lived in Dresden's Wachwitz Castle , which was also private , while the Royal Villa in Strehlen was rented out.
At the moment the question of the head of the family of the Albertine line of the House of Wettin has not been resolved, as a succession dispute has arisen among the Albertines . Claims are made by Prince Alexander von Sachsen-Gessaphe (* 1954) and other family members. The German Nobility Law Committee and influential Wettins have spoken out on the question of succession. A consensus has not yet been achieved in the family.
Polish kings
Friedrich August the Strong became King of Poland in 1697, with which the Electorate of Saxony and Poland-Lithuania were led in personal union.
Albertine electors and kings of Saxony
| image | Name (life data) |
relationship | title |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Albrecht the Courageous (* July 31, 1443; † September 12, 1500) |
second son of Frederick the Meek | Margrave of Meissen and Duke of Saxony |
|
George the Bearded (August 27, 1471 - April 17, 1539) |
Son of the predecessor | Margrave of Meissen and Duke of Saxony |
|
Henry the Pious (March 16, 1473 - August 18, 1541) |
Brother of the predecessor | Margrave of Meissen and Duke of Saxony |
|
Moritz (March 21, 1521 - July 11, 1553) |
Son of the predecessor | Margrave of Meissen and Duke of Saxony. In 1547 he was given the electoral dignity of Saxony. |
|
Father August (July 31, 1526 - February 11, 1586) |
Brother of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony |
|
Christian I (October 29, 1560 - September 25, 1591) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony |
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|
Christian II (September 23, 1583 - June 23, 1611) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony |
|
Johann Georg I (March 5, 1585 - October 8, 1656) |
Brother of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony |
|
Johann Georg II (June 10, 1613 - September 1, 1680) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony |
|
Johann Georg III. (June 30, 1647 - September 22, 1691) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony |
|
Johann Georg IV (October 18, 1668 - April 27, 1694) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony |
|
Friedrich August I the Strong (May 12, 1670 - February 1, 1733) |
Brother of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony and King of Poland (August II.) |
|
Friedrich August II. (October 17, 1696 - October 5, 1763) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony and King of Poland (August III.) |
|
Friedrich Christian (September 5, 1722 - December 17, 1763) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector of Saxony |
|
Friedrich August III. / I. the righteous (23 December 1750 - 5 May 1827) |
Son of the predecessor | Elector and King of Saxony. Raised King of Saxony after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. |
|
Anton (December 27, 1755 - June 6, 1836) |
Brother of the predecessor | King of Saxony |
|
Friedrich August II. (May 18, 1797 - August 9, 1854) |
Nephew of the predecessor | King of Saxony |
|
Johann (December 12, 1801 - October 29, 1873) |
Brother of the predecessor | King of Saxony |
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Albert (April 23, 1828 - June 19, 1902) |
Son of the predecessor | King of Saxony |
|
Georg (August 8, 1832 - October 15, 1904) |
Brother of the predecessor | King of Saxony |
|
Friedrich August III. (May 25, 1865 - February 18, 1932) |
Son of the predecessor | King of Saxony |
More well-known Wettiner
|
Moritz Count of Saxony (French: Maurice de Saxe ; * October 28, 1696, † November 30, 1750) Marshal of France , illegitimate son of Elector Friedrich August I of Saxony |
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Maria Amalia of Saxony (sp: María Amalia de Sajonia ; * November 24, 1724, † September 27, 1760) Queen of Naples-Sicily and Queen of Spain, daughter of Elector Friedrich August II of Saxony. |
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Maria Josepha of Saxony (French: Marie Josèphe de Saxe ; * November 4, 1731, † March 13, 1767) Dauphine de France, daughter of Elector Friedrich August II of Saxony |
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Albert of Saxony (born July 11, 1738, † February 10, 1822) Duke of Teschen, son of Elector Friedrich August II of Saxony |
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Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (born August 26, 1819, † December 14, 1861) British Prince Consort, son of Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
Wettin lines and principalities 1485–1918 (graphic)
Overview of the individual lines and principalities of the Wettins that have arisen from inheritance divisions since the Ernestine and Albertine lines were formed in the Leipzig division in 1485, as well as their inheritance when they became extinct (please click on the image to enlarge) .
Wettin graves
This list shows the gravesites of the Albertines .
Castles of the Wettins
Albertine residences
The most important residences of the Albertines included:
Albrechtsburg Castle and Meissen Cathedral
Freudenstein Castle in Freiberg
Moritzburg in Zeitz
Neu-Augustusburg Castle in Weissenfels
Osterstein Castle in Zwickau
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Ernestine Residences
Some of the important castles of the Ernestine lines are:
Wartburg near Eisenach
Hartenfels Castle in Torgau
Ehrenburg Castle in Coburg
Friedenstein Castle in Gotha
Friedrichsthal Castle in Gotha
Friedrichswerth Palace , Gotha district
Reinhardsbrunn Castle , Gotha district
Tenneberg Castle , Gotha district
Dornburg castles near Jena
Ettersburg Castle near Weimar
Residenzhaus Eisenach (Old Residence)
Creuzburg Castle near Eisenach
Elisabethenburg Palace in Meiningen
Veste Heldburg near Meiningen
Glücksburg in Römhild
See also
- Stammliste of the House of Wettin
- List of Saxon rulers
- List of Polish rulers
- Fürstenstrasse of the Wettins
- Saxon Renaissance
- Vicariate Coins (Saxony), History - Vicaring Electors
- Saxon coin history
- Wettin Obelisk in Dresden
literature
- Reiner Groß : The Wettins. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 3-17-018946-8 .
- Jürgen Helfricht : The Wettins. Saxony's kings, dukes, electors and margraves. 5th edition. Sachsenbuch, Leipzig 2012. ISBN 3-89664-044-5 .
- Hans Hoffmeister, Volker Wahl (ed.): The Wettiner in Thuringia. History and culture in the center of Germany (= writings of the Thuringian main state archive in Weimar. No. 2). Rhino, Arnstadt / Weimar 1999, ISBN 3-932081-33-1 .
- Anne-Simone Knöfel: Dynasty and Prestige. The marriage policy of the Wettins (= Dresden historical studies. Vol. 9). Böhlau. Cologne et al. 2009, ISBN 3-412-20326-2 .
- Frank-Lothar Kroll (Ed.): The rulers of Saxony. Margraves, electors, kings 1089–1918. Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54773-7 .
- Heinz Werner Lewerken (Ed.): The ancestral gallery of the Wettiner. Exhibition catalog of the armory, Dresden State Art Collections. Sandstein, Dresden 2006. ISBN 3-937602-70-4 .
- Stefan Pätzold : The early Wettins. Noble family and house tradition until 1221 (= history and politics in Saxony. Vol. 6). Böhlau. Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-412-08697-5 .
- Jörg Rogge : The Wettins. Rise of a dynasty in the Middle Ages. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2005, ISBN 3-7995-0151-7 .
- Harald Winkel: Dominion and Memoria. The Wettins and their monasteries in the Middle Ages (= writings on Saxon history and folklore. Vol. 32). Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2010, ISBN 3-86583-439-6 ( review ).
Web links
- Literature on House Wettin in the Saxon Bibliography
- Website of Alexander Prince of Saxony
- Website of Albert Prince of Saxony († 2012)
- Website of Rüdiger Prince of Saxony (Albertine line)
- Historical lexicon of Bavaria
- Princely procession in Dresden
- History of the Wettins
- House law of the Wettin Albertine Line from 1837
Individual evidence
- ↑ “ Daedi comes… unde is fuerit, de tribu, quae Buzici dicitur, et de patre Thiedrico originem duxisse accipies. Hic Rigdago marchioni, agnato suimet, ab infancia serviebat ”( see also Georg Heinrich Pertz (ed.): Thietmari Chronicon, Liber VI . In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH) SS 3, 1839, p. 820, ab. 33 and 34 ).
- ↑ On the Burchardo et Dedi who fell at Cape Colonna see Georg Heinrich Pertz (ed.): Thietmari Chronicon, Liber III . In: MGH SS 3, 1839, p. 765, Ab. 12. The Hassegaugraf Dedi ( pago Hassagoi et in confinio Mersapurac in comitatu cuiusdam comitis qui Téti ) is mentioned in a document from Emperor Otto I of September 26, 949 in: MGH DD OI, No. 114, p. 197.
- ↑ “ Nudzici ubi inest Vitin civitas ” ( see MGH DD OI, No. 231, pp. 316-317 ).
- ↑ "Thiemoni Comiti witin" ( see Georg Heinrich Pertz: Annales Magdeburgenses . In: MGH SS 16, 1859, p 181 ).
- ↑ Ernst Ehrenfeuchter (Ed.): Genealogica Wettinensis . In: MGH SS 23, 1874, pp. 226-230.
- ^ Frederick the Wise: Elector of Saxony; 1463 - 1525, p. 240 ( digitized version )