Hubertusburg

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Hubertusburg Castle

Hubertusburg Castle is located in Wermsdorf , 11.8 km west-southwest of Oschatz and 15 km as the crow flies northeast of Grimma between Leipzig and Dresden . The castle, built from 1721 onwards, was an electoral Saxon hunting lodge and also served as a temporary secondary residence for the Saxon elector and Polish king August III.

The Polish King August II on horseback and with a marshal's baton around 1718
Site plan (1905) with the castle in the middle
Castle ground plan 1905

Building description

The actual castle stands in the middle of a building ensemble that is an expression of its mutual history of use. The castle building is a rectangle in which there is a rectangular courtyard. The main front consists of an oval risalit with five axes in the middle. The building consists of three storeys in pilaster architecture . The oval central risalit is two-story. In the frontispiece, which is curved in plan, there is an imperial vicariate coat of arms with a double-headed eagle and the Saxon-Polish coat of arms in the shield of King August III. from Poland from 1740. Above the central building there is a four-sided roof turret with broken corners and an onion hood . A jumping deer serves as the wind vane. To the right of the central building is the Brühlsche Palais , today a Catholic rectory. In the central building there is an oval vestibule that borders a rectangular room that accommodates the stairs. In the vestibule there are sculptures by the sculptor Johann Christian Kirchner from 1720 that depict spring, summer, autumn and winter. The Hubertussaal is located in the oval central building on the upper floor. The middle field with the floating child angel made of stucco lustro with emblems of hunting, wreaths, birds and clouds has been preserved from its original design . The original parquet has also been preserved. The castle chapel is on the ground floor . There is a horse pond in the western corner of the forecourt . Visitors arriving by car come from the northeast via the Oschatzer Tor , the main entrance is in the northwest in the form of a gatehouse, the Wermsdorfer Tor . The two H-shaped buildings to the left and right of the castle courtyard with their three-axis-wide pavilions at the corners and in the middle date from the first construction period. The rococo cartridges above the windows of the main floors point to the first quarter of the 18th century.

The conversion of Saint Hubert 1463–1480, Master of Werden (School of the Master of the Life of Mary)

Royal stables

The quarter-circle swinging cavalier and administrative wings adjoin the large H-shaped wings of the commercial facilities and the once internationally renowned stables with 240 stalls. In the stables, a channel drained the manure in the central aisle into hollowed-out pillars in the basement into the locks. In the right long wing there was a riding school with spectator boxes and on the second floor there was a storage room for clothes, blankets and used weapons.

Namesake

see Hubertus von Lüttich

French parforce hunt around 1874

Building history

The Wermsdorf Forest , then called Mutzschener Heyde , has been a popular hunting ground for the Wettins since Elector Christian II . Around 1610 the elector had the hunting lodge Wermsdorf built there in the style of the Saxon Renaissance instead of a purchased manor . His successor Johann Georg I expanded it from 1617 to 1626.

For the Hubertus Festival on November 3, 1721, August the Strong announced that he would have a new building carried out that corresponded to his royal Polish and electoral Saxon rank. It went without saying that it would be executed in the Dresden Baroque style and sufficiently dimensioned to hold the big court hunts there every year with numerous entourage ( parforce hunts ) including opulent festivities. In future, the old hunting lodge was only intended to house the court and servants. He gave the direction of the building to Lieutenant Colonel Naumann . In just three years of construction, a baroque hunting lodge was created that was one of the largest in Europe. During this time the southern forecourt, the so-called Deutsche Jägerhof with the baker's gate , which leads to Reckwitz , was created.

Old Hubertusburg Castle

First construction period under Johann Christoph Naumann 1721–1732

Work on the castle under Johann Christoph von Naumann began in Wermsdorf in 1721. Four companies of soldiers excavated the building site and around 700 craftsmen were involved. The building was completed in 1724. Newly laid out post roads led to the castle via Stauchitz to Meißen and Dresden and on the other side via Wurzen to Leipzig . The first castle was a stately building with two wings encompassing the courtyard . In the axis there was a risalit with bevelled corners. The exterior architecture was simple. The tower system above the high mansard roof of the central projection was effective . The chapel was not reflected in the facade. There was a reason for this, because it was intended to demonstrate the subordination of the newly emerging Catholic Church to the will of the Saxon Elector. Because the political power he had gained in Poland alone made it possible for the Catholic faith to return to Protestant Electoral Saxony . It was the spiritual legacy of the old Hohenstaufen idealism of the physical unity of church and state, as it was never actually achieved politically. From this Naumann building, only parts of the surrounding wall and this manifest Naumann idea of ​​the architectural subordination of the church under the roof of the state have been preserved in the subsequent building.

Hubertusburg after 1763

Second construction period under Johann Christoph Knöffel 1733–1752

The conversion of the three-wing main building into the quarter-circle wing complex that can be seen today took place in three stages until 1752. At that time, large parts of the artistic forces of the Electoral Saxon residence were busy with the furnishings and interior furnishings of Hubertusburg Castle. With the construction of the quarter-circle wing, the simple, simple and rural character of the first complex should be architecturally overcome. The plans for this were provided by the Oberlandesbaumeister Johann Christoph Knöffel . After his death, his successor Julius Heinrich Schwarze completed the renovation work on the main palace. The representative rooms on the first floor and the west wing with the large Hubertus Hall were particularly lavishly furnished. The Italian artist Pietro Luigi Bossi (1690–1747) was responsible for the stucco and marble work in the interior . An elegant staircase with an antechamber for the Spanish court ceremony led up to this hall. In 1737 the new Jägerhof was built, consisting of two parallel rows of two-story residential buildings, which was named the French Jägerhof . This housed the hunting staff, the stables and kennels, storage and saddle rooms, the workrooms of the hunting saddler and tailor, and then the sleeping quarters of the dog boys and grooms. The hunting baker, horse doctor, wagon master and hunting blacksmith's accommodations were also located in the Jägerhof. After the completion of the French Jägerhof, the German Jägerhof was transformed into a kitchen courtyard. This change in the Royal Mouth Marschall Table and the Bey Kitchen was made necessary by the enlargement of the court. For this purpose, the pleasure and kitchen garden was enlarged in 1745 up to the path that connects Wermsdorf with Mutzschen via the front Horstseedamm. In 1739 the entire eastern wing was torn down to the ground. The Saxon Prime Minister Count Heinrich von Brühl occupied a special position within the Hubertusburger Hof and owned his own palace. 1740-1751 still completely existing originated chapel in Rococo style.

History of use and turning points

Royal Saxon court and hunting residence

The Wermsdorf Forest was acquired as a Saxon court hunting ground by Elector August in 1556 and hunted from the Wermsdorf hunting lodge, which was built in 1610 . At that time he was called Mutzschener Heyde . In 1699 Prince Anton Egon von Fürstenberg and King August the Strong introduced the French par force hunt . The numerous entourage was partly housed in the neighboring Mutzschen Castle, after the completion of the first Hubertusburg castle building in 1724 also in Wermsdorf Castle.

The par force hunt was extremely laborious, 250 dogs of the Saxon-Polish pack of dogs had to be led and trained daily by piqueurs. Parforce hunts were ceremonial luxury hunts with grueling hunting rides that sometimes lasted for hours, which also involved changing horses. For the small village of Wermsdorf, the relocation of the farm from Dresden to Wermsdorf during the farm hunting weeks was always a great experience. In addition to the hunting parades and outings of the court societies, there were the magnificent suites with their lackeys in yellow-blue uniforms and silver-trimmed tricorns, court maids, valets, secretaries, Polish chamberlains and the entourage of foreign guests who had to be accommodated and entertained in the village. The hunting and court residence also attracted "lousy entourage" and prostitutes. The preparations for the hunting parade, breakfast and lunch in the open air were carried out with enormous effort, just the big hunting elevator on St. Hubert's Day on November 3rd left the employees and helpers of the Parforce hunting squad no time to take part in the religious festivities of their patron saint. That is why the hunting staff only celebrated their own Hubertus Festival after the royal couple had returned to Dresden at the end of November. Count Heinrich von Brühl was not a great fanatic about hunting, he only took part in the hunts himself when court etiquette required it. In March 1755 he took over as chief and supreme commander of the Hubertusburger Parforcejagdequipage. As a diplomat and statesman, he not only had his own palace in Hubertusburg, but his own kitchen and his own staff. He was responsible for housing and supplying the envoys and diplomats. From 1748 onwards, the beginning of the Saxon state crisis became apparent due to a massive increase in debt. Elector Friedrich August II was not informed by the secret cabinet, but above all by Brühl, about the aggravated financial situation and the changes in European politics, which ultimately resulted in the confrontation of Electorate Saxony with Prussia and ended in the catastrophe of the Seven Years' War . In 1755, on November 29, 1755, when the royal couple returned to Dresden, the last Hubertus Festival was held in the palace.

Friedrich August II., Elector of Saxony
as August III. also King of Poland

Looting in the Seven Years War 1761

When the Seven Years' War broke out in 1756, 56 families lived in Hubertusburg free of charge. They were court employees, but also after their death their relatives who were allowed to continue living in free apartments of grace. In 1756, Elector Friedrich August II. (As August III. King of Poland) fled to Warsaw with Brühl and left his wife, Electress Maria Josepha of Austria , with the two electoral princes in Dresden. In 1757 the war was getting closer and in 1760 Dresden was devastated by Prussian troops. Ruhr epidemics broke out in the vicinity. When the Austrians, Saxons and Cossacks ravaged Charlottenburg, Frederick II of Prussia ordered the sacking of the Hubertusburg hunting lodge as atonement when he reached the Saxon border on an express march from Silesia to Berlin in 1760 . He commissioned his Colonel Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz , who successfully led the Prussian Gens d'armes regiment during the Seven Years' War . Marwitz refused the order, fell out of favor and had to abdicate. Only the free battalion of Quintus Icilius from a Réfugiés family (Guichard from Magdeburg ) carried out the looting order. After that, the palace was finally sold in three more months by two Jewish royal court factors from Berlin, Veitel Heine Ephraim and Daniel Itzig . The big bells and the clock were removed from the tower, the copper cladding was torn off the roofs, the gold leaf was scraped off the handles and melted down on site. The only reason the palace chapel was spared from the looting was because the court chaplain and Jesuit priest Anton Robert Schubert pleaded for mercy on his knees before King Friedrich II of Prussia in 1761 . Two people were killed in the looting.

The Hubertusburg Peace on March 21, 1763

In order to begin the peace negotiations, tables and chairs had to be borrowed from surrounding inns in the looted castle. The peace treaties were signed by the negotiators on February 15, 1763 in Hubertusburg and ratified by Friedrich II. On February 21, 1763 in Dahlen Palace and by Maria Theresia and Count Kaunitz on February 24, 1763 in Vienna. The ratification of the Saxon-Prussian treaty by Elector Friedrich August II took place on February 23 and 24, 1763 in Warsaw. The messenger arrived with this contract on February 26th, 1763 in Hubertusburg. On March 1, 1763, the Treaty of Hubertusburg came into force. After the sudden death of the Elector on October 5, 1763 due to a stroke, the new Elector Friedrich Christian and the Restoration Commission dissolved the Hubertusburger Parforcejagdequipage on November 9, 1763. But Friedrich Christian also died just a month later on December 17, 1763. His successor, Elector Friedrich August III. secured the looted building, covered the roofs again with copper and slate and drew in simple windows. In the numerous vacant rooms, 56 grace apartments were given to former court officials, retired officers and surviving dependents of socially superior personalities in 1795.

Elector Friedrich August III. of Saxony, 1795
Hubertusburg before 1840

Earthenware factory 1770

Elector Friedrich August III. On May 31, 1770 approved the establishment of a factory for the manufacture of faience tableware with precise instructions on the type of tableware to be produced in order to avoid production in competition with the Meissen porcelain factory . In 1771 the products were a great success at the Michaelmas fair in Leipzig . In 1776, the elector took over the manufacture himself. The faience dishes could not keep up with the new stoneware on the market due to their lower strength and higher price. So they turned around and began to produce stoneware, which was improved through improved glaze recipes . The manufactory was in such great demand that the premises had to be expanded in 1799. The kaolin required came from Kemmlitz , 1780 from Pommlitz , 1814 from Neusornzig , 1817 from Mahlis , 1819 from Mutzschen and 1824 from Glossen . With the beginning of the continental barrier in 1815, sales collapsed. One tried to counteract the trend with copper and stone printing, and later with enamel painting , but the market remained difficult. New factories sprang up in Colditz and Rochlitz , and cheap goods from Thuringia pushed onto the market. In 1834 the Saxon king sold the manufactory. In 1848 the company filed for bankruptcy . In 1850 the Saxon state bought the buildings, which then became part of the state institute. In 1979, during construction work in the former baroque garden, meter-thick shards were found, the legacy of the former Hubertusburg stoneware factory.

Military magazine

1791 was by Elector Friedrich August III. - the later King Friedrich August I of Saxony - set up a military magazine in the main palace. It existed until 1877. For this purpose, the Great Hubertus Hall was criss-crossed with double grain arches and the halls and rooms on the first and second floors were converted into storage floors.

Hospital 1813-1815

In 1813, the warehouse management had to clear their stored 17,961 bushels (1855 m³) of grain, 8,882 bushels of oats and 7,498 quintals of flour from the castle to make room for thousands of wounded and dying. It was the remnants of the Grande Armée who returned defeated from Russia . The Grace Residents also had to vacate the castle. A Saxon hospital was set up. On July 25, 1813, another French hospital had to be set up. On September 12, 1813, the military command had to defend the two military hospitals against invading Austrian and Russian cavalry. Bloody skirmishes broke out in the courtyard. The stream of wounded and deceased increased drastically with the Battle of Leipzig . The number of those brought in was no longer recorded, but estimates assume twelve to thirteen thousand dead who were buried in mass graves in the area.

Hubertusburg 1836
Hubertusburg 1858

Royal Saxon hunting residence 1815–1918

After 1815, Hubertusburg was again restricted to being a royal hunting lodge, because King Friedrich August I was an avid fan of hunting.

Penal institution

From May 1, 1840, a state prison to serve longer prison terms and a penal institution to serve workhouse sentences for female criminals were established. The work house sentence was first introduced in Saxony with the new criminal law of March 20, 1838, it was milder than penitentiary and harder than prison. The inmates had to wear uniform clothing and were forced to work. Up to 1854, on average, one hundred and seventy prisoners were imprisoned, with the female prisoners making up the majority at seventy percent. The majority of the crimes committed by the detainees were theft and embezzlement, fraud and coinage. In 1851 there were 33 traitors. The state prison was dissolved in 1872. August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht were the last prisoners in Hubertusburg Palace. In the history of the GDR, this imprisonment of Bebel and Liebknecht was ideologically disguised and talked about cruel and hardship-rich imprisonment . In reality, Bebel liked it in Wermsdorf, he recovered, continued his education and later even spoke of his “detention university”.

State Hospital

After part of the castle was used by Egidius Dotter as a wall clock factory, a union of the hospitals St. Jakob Dresden and St. Georg Döbeln opened in 1838 as the new unified state hospital Hubertusburg. In 1853, Division II was added to the hospital. The basic requirement for hospital admission was a minimum age of 50 years and corresponding neediness.

Care house for the female mentally ill

This institute was established in 1850. A distinction was made between three different classes.

Educational institution for stupid children

This institution was founded on August 3, 1846. The reason was the activity of an association for state medicine in the Kingdom of Saxony .

Preschool for the blind

The State Agencies Hubertusburg 1881

A facility that was unique at the time was the pre-school for the blind run by the united state institutions in Hubertusburg, where up to 60 children were looked after. It was established on July 1, 1862.

Wehrmacht non-commissioned officers' school

From 1941 the Luftwaffe followed the example of the Army and created non-commissioned preschools , including the non-commissioned officer school 1 in the Hubertusburg.

Military hospital

Even before the end of the Second World War in 1945, the castle was used as a military hospital.

American and Soviet headquarters

The Americans moved into Hubertusburg on April 25, 1945. On May 5, 1945, the Soviets took power in Wermsdorf. A Russian officers' mess was set up in the castle chapel. During this time the Schramm organ from 1749 was almost completely destroyed, the Soviets cut the leather out of the bellows and stole almost all of the pipes. All those who were able to walk in the hospital were released, and some were taken to the so-called Mühlberg POW camp .

In the children's center in 1984

Hubertusburg Clinics

In autumn 1945 the state administration of Saxony opened a general hospital with an internal and surgical department in the Hubertusburg. The Hubertusburg Hospital was founded under the Medical Director and Chief Physician of Surgery and Gynecology Dr. Lothar Siegmund was one of the largest health facilities in the former Leipzig district until 1958 , from which the Hubertusburg Clinics emerged in 1973. The medical college was opened in February 1954. The Hubertusburg Polyclinic became a medical center for the entire area around Wermsdorf with consultation hours from ten specialist departments. Of the orthopedic workshops, the shoemaker's workshop was of particular importance for testing and developing new materials for orthopedic technology, which also received strong international attention.

The inner courtyard 2004
Water tower on the grounds of the Hubertusburg

Use today

The renovation of the palace complex was financed solely by the Free State of Saxony. In 2004 more than 22.2 million euros were invested in the system.

Specialized hospital

Over 40 million euros flowed into the specialist hospital with the departments of psychiatry, psychotherapy and neurology, and until 2020 pediatrics were also offered. An additional 5.3 million euros were raised in 2006 for the renovation. The hospital, a subsidiary of the St. Georg Group in Leipzig , has 127 beds in the psychological specialist areas and 65 in the somatic as well as 20 day clinic places in Riesa and 15 in Torgau. The head physician of psychiatry and psychotherapy Peter Grampp rediscovered the work of psychiatric patient Karl Hans Janke in 2000 and sent it to the Rosengarten e. V. handed over.

Other uses

After the extensive renovation, the Saxon State Archives set up a central workshop for the preservation of archive and library material. For this purpose, the decentralized departments, such as the federal security filming office located in Kamenz , were centralized. The audiovisual media division of Department 3 of the Leipzig State Archives was also relocated to Wermsdorf. Since 2011, the restoration department of the central workshop has primarily been restoring archives recovered from the collapsed Cologne city archive .

In September 2007, garden archaeological excavations were carried out in the park of the palace by the Saxon State Office for Archeology . The findings of the excavation flowed into a monument conservation concept for the castle park. Traces of the pipes for the water features in the park and the clay bedding of the pools that have now disappeared were found.

The Freundeskreis Schloss Hubertusburg e. V. serves to promote the renovation, maintenance and revitalization of the Hubertusburg hunting lodge. To this end, the association has been holding the Hubertusburg Peace Talks since 2006 , which award the Hubertusburg Youth Peace Prize . For this work, the association received the Selected Location 2010 award on the initiative of the Federal President of Germany - Land of Ideas . In 2013 the association was awarded the Saxon Citizens' Prize. For the above-mentioned goals, the Friends of Schloss Hubertusburg founded the European Network of Places of Peace - Places of Peace - together with other partners from European locations where important peace treaties were concluded . The association also conducts public tours of the castle.

Speculation Related to the Amber Room

In 1987 the civil engineer and specialist engineer for monument preservation Manfred John discovered evidence of previously unknown cellars. Paul Enke , Lieutenant Colonel of the State Security and Bernsteinzimmer investigator, carried out investigations, but died shortly afterwards, so that there is no documentation of his findings. John researched further in the years that followed.

See also

swell

  • Johann Christoph Naumann : Presentation of the Jagt-Palaies Hubertusburg, which after Royal Majesty. von Pohlen and Churfürstl. Passage to Saxony drafted, before Her Highness Dero Königl. Princes have been listed . Dresden 1727.

literature

  • Wilhelm Bergsträßer: The royal Saxon penal institutions with regard to the American penitentiary systems. Leopold Voss, Leipzig 1844.
  • Karl Berling : The faience and earthenware factory Hubertusburg . Stengel & Markert, Dresden 1891 ( digitized version )
  • Klaus Gumnior: Hubertusburg Castle. Values ​​of a Saxon residence. Saxon printing and publishing house, Dresden 1997 (Saxonia series of publications by the Association for Saxon State History, Volume 3)
  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Hubertusburg. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 27. Booklet: Oschatz Official Authority (Part I) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1905, p. 122.
  • Susanne Hahn (Ed.): Science and art under the sign of war and peace . 3rd Hubertusburg Peace Talks, September 17-19, 2010, Hubertusburg Palace, Wermsdorf; Log tape. Wermsdorf 2011. [including various art historical contributions to the castle]
  • Manfred John: A guided tour through the Hubertusburg Wermsdorf palace. In: Hubertusburger Schriften. Issue 1, Freundeskreis Schloss Hubertusburg e. V., 2004.
  • Hugo Krämer: Wermsdorf and its castles. In: Communications from the Saxon Homeland Security Association . Volume XV, Issue 3-4 / 1926, Dresden 1926, pp. 81-103.
  • Rudolf Lehmann: Wermsdorf and Mutzschen. In: Rundblick-Information. Issue 1, Wermsdorf / Mutzschen Community Association and the GDR Cultural Association, 1981.
  • Friedrich August Ô-Byrn: The Parforce hunt to Wermsdorf and Hubertusburg . Dresden 1879.
  • W. Riemer: Hubertusburg Castle before and after. Fedor Göthel, Oschatz 1881.
  • Eckart Säuberlich (Red.): 800 years of Wermsdorf. 1206-2006. Sax-Verlag, Beucha 2006, ISBN 3-934544-93-2 .
  • Dirk Syndram (Ed.): The royal hunting residence Hubertusburg and the peace of 1763. On the occasion of the exhibition "The royal hunting residence Hubertusburg and the peace of 1763" at Hubertusburg Castle from April 28th to October 5th, 2013 . Dresden 2013, ISBN 9783943444155 .

Web links

Commons : Hubertusburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Cornelius Gurlitt: Hubertusburg. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. Meinhold & Sons, Dresden 1905, p. 123.
  2. ^ Manfred John: A guided tour through the Hubertusburg Wermsdorf palace complex. In: Hubertusburger Schriften. Issue 1, Freundeskreis Schloss Hubertusburg e. V., Wermsdorf 2004.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Götz: German baroque stables. Art history studies. Volume 34. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1964, p. 52.
  4. ↑ a b c d e 800 years of Wermsdorf. 1721 to 1733. Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, July 15, 2006, p. 7.
  5. ↑ a b c Axel Küttner: Princely passion for hunting in the late Baroque (Part 1). Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, August 11, 2009, p. 18.
  6. ^ A b c d e f Wilhelm Bergsträßer: The royal Saxon penal institutions with regard to the American penitentiary systems. Leopold Voss, Leipzig 1844. Online , accessed on March 14, 2011.
  7. ↑ Christdore Wetzig: Hubertusburg seen differently (Part 1). Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, February 8, 2011, p. 16.
  8. ^ Axel Küttner: Hubertusburger Glanz (Part 1). State crisis and hunting pleasure. Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, February 1, 2011, p. 16.
  9. ↑ Axel Küttner: Wermsdorfer Intermezzo (part II / conclusion). Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, August 26, 2008, p. 17.
  10. ^ A b Axel Küttner: Hubertusburg Castle between the Silesian Wars (part II / conclusion). Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, November 16, 2011, p. 18.
  11. ^ A b Axel Küttner: Hubertusburg Castle between the Silesian Wars (1740 to 1756) / Part I. Gun salutes when the royal couple arrived. Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, November 9, 2011, p. 18.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i W. Riemer: The Hubertusburg Castle otherwise and now. Fedor Göthel, Oschatz 1881, p. 9.
  13. ↑ a b c d Axel Küttner: The princely passion for hunting in the late baroque (part II / conclusion). Two tailors for par force hunting. Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, July 6, 2010, p. 17.
  14. ↑ Axel Küttner: Italian traces in Wermsdorf (Part II / conclusion). Arriving at the courtyard is a colorful experience. Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, August 17, 2010, p. 20.
  15. ^ A b Axel Küttner: Hubertusburger gloss (part III / conclusion). Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, February 15, 2011, p. 16.
  16. ^ Theodor Fontane: Hike through the Mark Brandenburg. Wilhelm Hertz, Berlin 1863, p. 353. Online , accessed on March 14, 2011.
  17. ^ Wilhelm Bergstrasse: The royal Saxon penal institutions. Leopod Voss, Leipzig 1844, p. 18. Online , accessed on March 5, 2011.
  18. ↑ dw: The putti are beaming again. Thanksgiving service in the restored St. Hubertus Castle Church. In: Day of the Lord, Catholic weekly newspaper. Edition 46. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 2007. Online , accessed on March 5, 2011.
  19. ↑ Manfred John: The faience and earthenware manufacture Hubertusburg. In: Hubertusburger Schriften. Issue 7. Circle of Friends of Schloss Hubertusburg e. V, Wermsdorf November 2010.
  20. ^ A b Contributions to the statistics of the penal institutions and the morality of the population in the Kingdom of Saxony. With special reference to the recidivism of criminals. In: Journal of the Statistical Office of the Königkl. Saxon. Ministry of the Interior. No. 6, 1855, pp. 89 ff. Online , accessed on March 14, 2011.
  21. ^ A b c Achim Kilian : Mühlberg 1939–1948: A prison camp in the middle of Germany. Böhlau, Cologne 2001, p. 178. Online , accessed on March 16, 2011.
  22. ^ Eckhard Riedel: After the monarchy until the end of the Hitler dictatorship (1918–1945). In: 800 years of Wermsdorf. 1206-2006. Sax Verlag, Beucha 2006, ISBN 3-934544-93-2 , pp. 73 ff.
  23. ^ Ingo Fischer, Claudia Martin, Diana Barthel: Schloss Hubertusburg Wermsdorf. Restoration of the Catholic palace chapel. Staatsbetrieb Sächsisches Immobilien- und Baumanagement, Dresden 2007. Online (PDF 4.51 MB) , accessed on March 5, 2011.
  24. ↑ L-IZ of July 4, 2020
  25. ↑ Gabi Liebegall: Hubertusburg with its castle is getting younger and younger. Leipziger Volkszeitung, Oschatzer Allgemeine, July 9, 2007, p. 17.
  26. ↑ Information on the clinic website ( Memento from February 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  27. ^ State Office for Archeology: Garden archaeological excavations in the park of Hubertusburg Palace - Wermsdorf, Kr. Torgau-Oschatz. Dresden September 21, 2007. Online , accessed March 14, 2011.
  28. ^ Land of Ideas Management GmbH: Hubertusburger Peace Talks. Berlin September 20, 2010. Online , accessed July 5, 2020.
  29. ↑ The riddle about the Hubertusburg: Was the legendary art treasure buried in Saxony? In: Berliner Kurier . January 5, 2010, accessed July 5, 2020 .
  30. ↑ Manfred John, Gabi Liebegall: Hidden secrets - On the trail of the Amber Room in Saxony. Tauchaer Verlag, Taucha 2008. 2nd edition 2010. ISBN 978-3-89772-186-9
  31. ↑ Manfred John: Investigation report on the basement of Hubertusburg Castle, 04779 Wermsdorf , March 15, 2011.

Coordinates: 51 ° 16 ′ 38.8 "  N , 12 ° 56 ′ 23.2"  E