Johann Christoph von Naumann

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Johann Christoph von Naumann (born March 30, 1664 in Dresden ; † January 8, 1742 there ) was a German engineer officer and architect .

Life

Family and education

Johann Georg of Saxony

Naumann was the son of Johann Friedrich von Naumann and Anna Salome von Elb. His first marriage was to a Baroness von Schmiedel and around 1720 he married Catharina Elisabeth Jauch (1671–1736). His brother-in-law was Joachim Daniel von Jauch (1688–1754). His sons were the Electoral Saxon Colonel Johann Christoph von Naumann the Elder. J. (around 1691–1779) and the Royal Polish Lieutenant Colonel Franz Rudolph von Naumann (1703–1755). His grandson Franz Heinrich von Naumann (1749–1795) became known as a vedute painter of the High Prince Salzburg. Naumann received confirmation of imperial nobility in 1733. The ancestry of Wenzel von Naumann, Chancellor of the Duchy of Pomerania, claimed in Zedler's Universal Lexicon of 1740 , is unclear . His nephew was the philosopher and writer Christian Nicolaus Naumann (1726–1790) , whom he sponsored .

Naumann received training in artillery and fortification in Dresden . In 1684/85 he undertook an educational trip through Denmark , Sweden , Holland and England in the wake of Prince Elector Johann Georg von Sachsen .

Career

As a result, Naumann took part in imperial and Saxon services in all major wars of his time, in the Great Turkish War , the Palatinate and Spanish War of Succession and the Great Northern War . He fought in various well-known battles and repeatedly distinguished himself through his bravery. In 1686 he fought as a volunteer in the rank of captain under Duke Charles of Lorraine in the storming of the Turkish fortress of Ofen and was one of the first to gain a foothold in the fortress. In 1688 he was involved in the storming of Belgrade , and subsequently in the sieges of Mainz and Namur. In 1699 he was a member of the imperial embassy when peace was made with the Turks in Karlowitz . He mapped the negotiated border determinations and then worked as an imperial border engineer with the task of razing the places fortified by the Turks on the Maros and building new fortifications.

In 1704 Naumann entered the service of the Saxon Elector and Polish King August the Strong as an engineer major . In 1714 he became a lieutenant colonel and in 1724 a colonel in the engineering corps . In 1706 he fought victoriously against the Swedish General Mardefeld as General Quartermaster Augustus the Strong in the Battle of Kalisch . In 1708 he fought under the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugen in the battle of Oudenaarde . He reorganized the Saxon artillery and fortification system . In 1705 he became inspector of the Saxon fortresses. In 1730 he took part in the maneuvers at Zeithain on the elector's staff .

Parallel to his war missions, Naumann self-taught studying civil architecture. In 1707 he went on another study trip to Holland , England and Italy .

Naumann was the king 's cameraman (court architect) until the death of August the Strong . In this function he organized the royal construction industry in Poland between 1710 and 1715, which his brother-in-law Joachim Daniel von Jauch later took over. From 1721 to 1733 Naumann built his main structural work, the first complex of the (later rebuilt) Hubertusburg hunting lodge near Oschatz , at that time the largest building in Saxony in the country. In 1705 he became director of the Dresden city ​​lighting that he had built . From 1711 he was the director of the General Tax Office which he had set up. The associated supervision of civil construction projects in the country, for which state subsidies were to be claimed, subsequently became Naumann's most important and, after 1733, sole area of ​​responsibility. He is considered the founder of the modern building police in Saxony and issued numerous fire regulations in order to contain the previously frequent and devastating city fires. Naumann is considered a co-designer of the Dresden Baroque .

Works

Architectura practica (title page)

Fonts

  • Johann Christoph Naumann: Discurs of a New Manner in Circular Fortification 1706.
  • Johann Christoph Naumann: Presentation of the Jagt-Palaies Hubertusburg, which after Royal Majesty. von Pohlen and Churfürstl. Passage to Saxony drafted, before Her Highness Dero Königl. Princes have been listed . Dresden 1727.
  • Architectura Practica, or: The real and efficient building art, as well as Palatiis, as well as bourgeois houses , Bautzen 1736
    ( online version )

buildings

Maps

  • 1741 Creation of the second oldest city map of Radeberg (Dresden State Archives)

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Kadatz: The first Hubertusburger palace complex of the Electoral Saxon colonel engineer Johann Christoph Naumann . In: Hahn, Susanne (ed.): Science and art under the sign of war and peace. 3rd Hubertusburg Peace Talks, September 17-19, 2010, Hubertusburg Palace, Wermsdorf; Log tape. Wermsdorf 2011, pp. 58-73.
  • Richard Steche:  Naumann, Johann Christoph von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1886, p. 305 f.
  • Walter May:  Naumann, Johann Christoph v .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 770 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Walter Hentschel: The Saxon architecture of the 18th century in Poland. 2 volumes, Berlin 1967.
  • Hans Eberhard Scholze : Johann Christoph Naumann (1664–1742), A contribution to the building history of Saxony and Poland in the 18th century. Typescript 1958, Ing. Diss. At the Technical University of Dresden
  • Kai Wenzel: Traveling architects and builders in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Konrad Pflüger, Ezechiel Eckhardt and Johann Christoph von Naumann . In: Winfried Müller (Ed.): People on the move. Via regia and its actors. Volume of essays on the 3rd Saxon State Exhibition in Dresden: Sandstein, 2011, pp. 106–113.

Web links

Commons : Johann Christoph von Naumann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Naumann (Johann Christoph von), Obrister. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 23, Leipzig 1740, column 1291 f.
  2. ^ Naumann (Frantz Rudolph von). In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 23, Leipzig 1740, column 1289-1291.
  3. ↑ Naumann, Franz Heinrich von . In: Constantin von Wurzbach : Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 20th volume, p. 105, Vienna 1869. literature.at
  4. ↑ (from) Naumann. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 23, Leipzig 1740, column 1287.
predecessor Office successor
without Royal Polish Director of the Building Department
1711 - 1715 		Burkhard Christoph von Münnich
without Electoral Saxon General Excise Building Director
1711 - 1742 		Carl Friedrich Poeppelmann
personal data
SURNAME Naumann, Johann Christoph von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German engineer, officer and architect
DATE OF BIRTH March 30, 1664
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH January 8, 1742
Place of death Dresden