Mutzschen Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mutzschen Castle, aerial view (2017)
Rear view, aerial view (2017)
Mutzschen Castle main entrance

The Schloss Mutzschen is on the edge of downtown Mutzschen east of Grimma in the district of Leipzig in Saxony on a spur above the Mutzschener water . Already in the early Bronze Age there was a fortification of the Lausitz culture , as a branch of the Aunjetitz culture . Demonstrated was a dated to the 9th century Wendish castle and after Ostbesiedlung in the second half of the 10th century an early Burgward . No structural remains of the medieval castle have survived above ground. The baroque castle visible today , a two-storey building with a gabled risalit , includes the gatekeeper house, an octagonal flanking tower , the castle bridge, the remnants of the manor on the grounds of the outer castle, the terraced gardens, an extensive, natural park and a dammed castle pond with a castle mill , the castle houses with the salt bar and the houses under the castle.

Ground floor plan (colors: dark green around 1700, light green 2nd half. 18th century (after 1754), red after 1775, yellow 20th century, gray building age unclear)
Floor plan first floor
Top floor plan

location

The castle lies on an approximately 50 × 80  meter  (m) large oval plateau on a spur . This is located up to 20 m above the Mutzschener Wasser and is surrounded by a loop on three sides. The throat ditch created in the Middle Ages forms a fourth side . This created the 18 m deep division of the system that is visible today. A wooden drawbridge originally ran across this moat , which was replaced by the stone bridge that is visible today.

Site plan of the facility

Building description

lock

After being completely destroyed by the great fire of 1681, the castle was rebuilt in 1703 and renovated in 1754. The building originally had thirteen windows on the courtyard side, today twenty-seven. In front of the central projection on the courtyard side , which is framed by Tuscan half-columns extending across both main floors , there is an outside staircase with two columns supporting a wide balcony. Under the triangular pediment with a Latin inscription there are coupled Ionic pilasters . The inscription reads:

"This house, which Herr von Kanitz, the most powerful King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, Lieutenant General, built from the ground up in 1703, was renewed by the famous and distinguished Mr. Otto Friedrich von Zanthier, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, Privy Councilor and decorated with a porch and other new structures, in 1754 " .

Remnants of baroque painting can be found in a room on the ground floor .

Tower building (gatekeeper house)

After the great fire in 1681, the gatekeeper's house was also destroyed to the ground. The tower building opposite the castle, which was built in 1754, was originally the residence of the castle administrator. The roof with its baroque tower shows similarities with the baroque dome of the main building of the Hubertusburg. The former door and window sills made of Rochlitz porphyry from the previous building were reused in 1754. The weather vane was designed as a carp , as a reference to the numerous fish ponds in this region around 1500, which resulted in the Mutzschen pond economy . In 1989, the Eckelmann company from Zschoppach made a replica that was attached when the roof was re-tiled. In the seventies of the last century, the trees and bushes on the northern slope of the castle were removed. After several downpours and the associated softening of the earth, which caused the slope to slide and cracks formed on the eastern part of the building, part of the building began to slide and had to be completely removed. The home parlor, which was housed in this part of the building, had to be relocated and was only able to move back into the gatekeeper's house in 1999 after extensive renovation work.

Flanking tower

The flanking tower right next to the main entrance is colloquially known as the "hunger tower". Its task served to protect the flanking of the inner defensive wall , to secure the drawbridge and to accommodate the guards. A heated room with a built-in bowl tiled stove was used for this purpose . A short stone staircase leads to the windowless prison below . An opening scratched with human fingers can be seen in the surrounding walls. The level of the site visible today is around 2.5 m higher than when it was originally built. For this reason, the door of the former guard room could no longer be used over the centuries and had to be plastered up in 1960. On the upper floor special exhibitions are organized by the local history museum, for example in 2011 as part of the 3rd Saxon State Exhibition on the Via Regia .

Residential tower

Below and behind the second courtyard in the direction of Bergsporn there is a square building, which may represent the remains of a residential tower and which in the lower part of the masonry is dated to the 10th to 11th centuries. In winter, bats can be found on the retracted ceiling .

history

Early Bronze Age complex

The excavation carried out in 1972 under Willfried Baumann showed that under the medieval layers on the Mutzschener Schlossberg there is a 0.25 hectare Early Bronze Age settlement , which was fortified by the two meter deep and seven to eight meter wide throat ditch. A wall fortification was not found during this excavation.

Early and High Middle Ages

Archaeological finds of ceramics from the Leipzig group show that the mountain spur was repopulated by Slavs in the 9th and early 10th centuries after the Great Migration . Due to the terrain, it is a natural fortification . So part Mutzschen together with other strongholds east of the trough as Wurzen , the Sonnenmühlwall in Oelschütz , Nerchau , Döben , Polkenberg and Dahlen -Zissen to that of Wenden populated strip of land east of the trough , which in the 10th century as orientalis Chutizi part of the pagus Chutizi was . Wilfried Baumann, and later Gerhard cheap and Karlheinz Blaschke suspected that in Mutzschen in the second half of the 10th century the center of a German castle Wardes was. Mutzschen is centered on the church in the former outer bailey, which is only attested to in 1341 with the mention of a plebanus , but according to Walter Schlesinger it is already an existing royal church or Burgward church with a large parish. In 1081 King Heinrich IV gave his faithful Chitele the three villages of Mutzschen, Böhlitz (today part of the city of Mutzschen) and Mehlis (desert between Böhlitz and Prösitz) along with all accessories and income for free, as well as the forest belonging to Mutzschen specified limits in Gau Chutizi in the county of Ekberts . The forest also later belonged to the Mutzschen rule as Mutzschener Heide or Wermsdorfer Forst . The document issued on March 18, 1081 in Regensburg expressly mentions villae and not a castle. Nevertheless, this document has so far mostly been cited as evidence of the existence of a castle in the 11th century. The Reichsministerial Chitele is therefore also seen as the possible progenitor of the von Mutzschen family, who later became noble. The first sure representative of this sex is Konrad von Mutzschen ( Cunradus de Mutsin ). He took part with numerous other noble lords and ministerials in the court decision of Margrave Dietrich the distressed on the razing of Thorun Castle (see Dohnaic feud ) and is listed as a witness in the document issued in Dresden in 1206 and probably named himself after a castle or castle. a manor in Mutzschen.

Mutzschen Castle courtyard side

Late Middle Ages

Probably around 1290, but certainly before 1308, the Burgraves of Leisnig acquired the castle and rule of Mutzschen. There are no exact documents from the previous gentlemen, who were possibly expelled from Döben by Wiprecht von Groitzsch and came to Mutzschen, Wermsdorf and Luppa . In a document from 1308 they name Mutzschen for the first time " castrum nostrum". Since then, the names of the Mutzschen lords have been known, they come from the Leisnig burgraves . Around 1350 the place Mutzschen was first referred to as oppidum .

Albrecht the Courageous

The Starschedel zu Mutzschen family

Around 1400 the castle changed to the von Starschedel family , also known as the Starschädel. This family came from Starsiedel . It came to Mutzschen after the Wettins took possession of Leisnig Castle in 1376 and ousted the burgraves there. The family had very close relations with the Wettiners and was wealthy because they owned on the Upper Elbe possessions so in Wehlen , revenue from Erbzoll and Kuxe on silver mining in the Erzgebirge . When Altenburg was divided in 1445, Heinrich von Starschedel was listed as a witness and owner of Mutzschen. His son Heinrich III. von Starschedel is the mountain captain of Schneeberg and the owner of numerous Kuxe. The Wettin Albrecht the Courageous spent some of his childhood and youth in Leisnig, presumably he was already acquainted with Heinrich at that time. When Albrecht began his pilgrimage to Jerusalem, Heinrich was one of his companions. After Albrecht was appointed "Knight of the Jerusalem Tomb" , he also made Heinrich von Starschedel the "Knight of the Holy Sepulcher" and presented him with a hallowed sword. On this trip, Heinrich vowed to found a monastery should he come back healthy, which he did by founding a Servite monastery in Mutzschen. This monastery was soon dissolved by the Reformation . Many monks converted to Protestant pastors, only one monk remained Catholic and lived in Mutzschen until his death. Heinrich von Starschedel gave the city of Mutzschen jurisdiction (except for the death penalty). A court sword , which was a replica of Heinrich's Damascus sword, was used as a sign of jurisdiction for the city . It is now on display in the city museum. Heinrich von Starschedel founded numerous legacies , which his son Moritz Dietrich continued after his death in 1495. He shares the castle with his brother Ernst. Ernst became Canon of Meißen and died in 1529. Moritz Dietrich acquired Cannewitz in 1515 and died three years before his brother in 1526. As a young man in 1521, his son Dietrich was so enthusiastic about Martin Luther's appearance in Worms that he kept reporting about this experience. He became an ardent follower of Luther, visited him several times in Wittenberg and supported him as a visitor in the dissolution of the monasteries. After Ernst's death, he looked after his niece Anna Maria, Ernst's daughter. After the Schmalkaldic War, she entered into an engagement with a duke's son at the court of the Wettins , which outraged his father as not befitting. But the marriage vows were binding. The Duke turned to Luther, for whom this was a central theological question. After several years and many negotiations, the issue was decided in the Duke's favor. So the son does not marry Anna von Starschedel, but the daughter of a Pomeranian duke. Dietrich von Starschedel had four sons: Heinrich, Haubold, Innocenz and Georg. When their father Dietrich died, they were given Tham Pflugck († 1596) as their guardian due to their underage .

Mutzschen Castle staircase
August von Sachsen (painting by Lucas Cranach the Younger , around 1550, Old Masters Picture Gallery , Dresden )
Faustina Bordoni, from Rosalba Carriera

Modern times

From 1565 to 1582, Elector August von Sachsen acquired from the guardian of the four underage Starschedel children Tham Pflugck, the castle, the manor, the town and the associated villages (in addition to Mutzschen there were the Böhlitz, Roda, Wermsdorf , Mahlis , Fremdiswalde , Göttwiz, Löbschütz, Merschwitz, Poischwitz, Serka, bet Ritz, parts of Gastewitz , Jesewitz , Zschannewitz, Leipen and "the kingdom") and the created around 1500 fish ponds, leaving in the castle homely style of the Renaissance remodel. The written village of Döbern was transferred to the Oschatz office . It was he who had the bridge piers built in stone and new stone bearings for the wooden drawbridge. His wife, Electress Anna converted the economic facilities into a chamber property . As early as 1556, the Lords of Starschedel had sold Wermsdorf to the Elector, so that he could now extend his rule over the Wermsdorf Forest . August changed the political structures in Saxony permanently, so the Mutzschen office with the city of Mutzschen belonged to the Leipzig district as one of the offices . His deputy was the chief executive . Among other things, the elector ordered the creation of inheritance books. In 1622, Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony sold Mutzschen to his favorite, Chamberlain Dr. David Döring (1577-1638). Immediately after buying the property, Döring ordered the official castles to leave the castle building. That is why the Amtsschösserhaus on Seilerberg was built in the baroque style. During the Thirty Years' War , Holk's riders spread fear and terror in Mutz's. After that, the plague claimed countless victims. The city fire mentioned above completely destroyed the castle in 1681. Since Elector August the Strong needed accommodation for his large hunting parties in the neighboring Wermsdorf hunting lodge , he issued instructions around 1703 to rebuild the palace in the Baroque style and to build the stone bridge that is visible today. A stately two-storey building with a gabled central projection was created, which was expanded and rebuilt in 1752/54. The Mutzschener Heide had been redesigned by Prince von Fürstenberg for the parforce hunt , so that numerous guests stayed overnight in the castle due to the Hubertus hunts . After the Hubertusburg with its theater was completed in 1735 , the actors lived in the castle, apart from the singer Faustina Bordoni , the Divine Faustina , who stayed in Hubertusburg. Colonel General Heinrich von Canitz acquired the property through marriage in 1740 . He was highly regarded at the court of Augustus the Strong. When he died in Dresden, his body was brought with a large escort in the royal hearse to Mutzschen, where he was buried in the city church at his own request. With the beginning of the Seven Years' War in 1756, Mutzschen was occupied by the Prussians . The castle became an officer's quarters. Since the Middle Ages Schlossberg of Agricola as Mutzschener diamonds designated agate balls , which partly inclusions of rock crystal or amethyst contained, have been mined, traversed Castle Hill many transitions. Therefore, in 1776, the order was given to stop dismantling entirely and to close the corridors, as it was feared that the buildings on them would collapse. After Canitz's death, the property was passed on to the daughters, so that from then on the property appears under a different name, in 1759 under the owner Mr. Otto Friedrich von Xanthier. After 1831 the peasants were replaced in Saxony , the manors had to give up their jurisdiction and join a local court. The Canitz heirs decided on the village of Böhlitz . That is why the Mutzschen manor was named Rittergut Böhlitz in documents from that point on . In 1847 Mutzschen Castle was owned by the Saxon court director Friedrich Hermann Gaudich, from Pirna who founded the Gaudichsroda manor . Gaudich had improvements made to and in the castle. Gaudich died in 1852 and his heirs sold it to the merchant Heinrich Carl Steinbrück from Erfurt, who leased it to his brother-in-law and architect Gustav Kufahl. In 1873 Paul Kleemann took over the property and sold it to Herrmann Tränhardt in 1874. In 1901, the manor owner Emil Naumann bought the manor on Sitten und Kroptewitz as a trustee on behalf of eight of his former officer comrades. They received a large cash donation from King Albert for their services in the Franco-German War of 1870/71, which came from the reparation payments made by France by the German Emperor to Saxony . Dr. Emil Naumann set up a foundation and appointed an administrator. On November 15, 1939, the entire ensemble with the castle, hunger tower, gatekeeper house and castle park was placed under monument protection. In Leipzig in 1942 the order was issued to bring all the valuable altars to the university church. From there these were brought to Mutzschen with all transportable goods from the university church, the individual departments (geology, physics, chemistry) and stored in the corridors of the former mine. Since December 1943, the holdings of the manuscript department of the Leipzig University Library (including 7,448 manuscripts, 2,826 incunabula volumes , 155,000 autographs and the precious coin collection ) have been packed in boxes in the corridors of the Schlossberg. The storages were so extensive that the Leipzig Graduate School of Management could only store books, so the corridors in the Schlossberg were filled. The stored goods were never in Mutzschen's hands. The population had no knowledge of this and only used corridors outside the Schlossberg when there were air raids . Fortunately, no bombs fell on Mutzschen and no acts of war took place. Towards the end of the war, refugees came from the Rhineland and lived briefly in the castle.

The castle after the end of the Second World War

Not even the refugees learned anything about the stored goods. The Americans drove a couple of times in their jeeps to patrol through Mutzschen , stopped at the castle and drove back to their main base in Wermsdorf . They never learned anything about the stored works of art. In 1946 everything was returned to the University of Leipzig undamaged . Only the Leipzig Graduate School of Management lost a few books due to the chaos of war.

Use in the GDR and after the fall of the Wall

Refurbished castle bridge

After the end of the Second World War , the land reform expropriated the Dr. Emil Naumann Old Foundation. In the summer of 1946 the castle was handed over to the youth and then to the FDJ . A district youth school was set up. Concerts were held in the small hall. In 1959 a local museum, today's Mutzschen City Museum, was set up in the gatekeeper house by Friends of Nature and Local History . The home parlor was set up in two rooms in the gatekeeper's house and in the hunger tower, unfortunately that part of the building slipped and it was temporarily relocated, most recently to Grimmaische Strasse. Today's city museum was not built until 1999. It contains exhibits from prehistory and early history to the immediate past, including ceramics , craft utensils, exhibits on school and club life and the fire brigade. The lower part of the square residential tower, which was made usable through a newly broken entrance, was used by the community and associations for romantic events by torchlight. In 1962 the time of the youth school ended and from 1963 a youth hostel with 105 beds was established. An overnight stay cost 0.25 M per child and 0.50 M per adult. From 1968 to 1970 78 young Vietnamese women lived in the castle, learned the German language and received vocational training. After German reunification in 1990, the youth hostel operation was initially retained, but had to be closed in 2003 due to fire protection concerns. In 2000 the castle bridge was renovated. In 2003 and 2004, on behalf of an investor, a building history and restoration study of the palace was carried out by the two Berlin building historians Yngve Jan Holland and Andreas Potthoff in cooperation with the restorers Sonia Cardenás and Jeanette Koletzki, in which the building history of the building was systematically recorded and in an expert opinion. Further appraisals for usage concepts followed on behalf of the city of Mutzschen. The gutting measures that had been started were not carried out properly, all hopeful exploitation and sales plans were dashed. In 2009, for example, the prospect of a natural healing center with a wellness landscape called: "Europeum". There are solid reasons, among other things, in the conviction of those responsible for the city of Mutzschen that the sale of the old foundation's property expropriated by the land reform could generate proceeds of € 600,000.00. In 2007, an archaeological excavation was carried out in the area of ​​the castle courtyard by the department for prehistory and early history of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena . Medieval as well as prehistoric finds were recovered and the trench, which was only cut in 1972, was recorded over its entire width of approx. 5 m and 1.50 m depth. The exact dating of these finds is still pending.

In 2016, Deborah Hey, an entrepreneur living in Seattle / USA, bought the castle for the symbolic amount of € 1. She would like to set up a hotel for motorcyclists and at the beginning of this project she had the gatekeeper's house renovated and the so-called Moto-Soul-Café was created there.

Coat of arms of those of Lüttichau

Trivia

There are a number of ghost legends of modern times in Saxony about Mutzschen Castle. This is how a white woman is said to haunt the castle. In 1659 a cook Magdalena served at the castle, to whom a ghost appeared several times. Once the ghost appeared to her in the kitchen with a mourning veil, at night the ghost rumbled through the castle. The ghost with an elephant's trunk also appeared to a priest. Incidentally, this ghost was seen well into the 19th century. The von Lüttichau family , who owned the castle, therefore only moved there a few weeks a year and the wife of one of the last owners, who lived there for a few weeks shortly before its end, was so frightened by shouts and throwing the door that she died soon afterwards . The staff also often heard voices calling even though no one was in the castle.

See also

literature

  • Werner Coblenz : Döben - Mutzschen - Dohna. Comments on the question of settlement, castle and town. In: Martin Claus , Werner Haarnagel , Klaus Raddatz (eds.): Studies on European prehistory and early history. Festschrift Herbert Jankuhn. Neumünster: Karl Wachholtz Verlag, 1968, pp. 160–168.
  • Rudolf Lehmann: Wermsdorf and Mutzschen. in: Rundblick Information Nr. 1, Verlagsdruckerei Typodruck-Schaubeck, Wurzen area - III 13 22 L2 81 168 D 92 81, Wermsdorf, 1981, p. 34.
  • Karlheinz Blaschke : The city of Mutzschen. In: The panorama. 28, 1981, pp. 44-46. Reprinted in: Peter Johanek (Ed.) With the assistance of Uwe John: Stadtgrundriß und Stadtentwicklung. Research into the development of central European cities. Selected essays by Karlheinz Blaschke (City Research. Series A, Representations Vol. 44). Cologne, Weimar, Vienna: Böhlau 1997, pp. 276–282. ISBN 3-412-06897-7 , 2nd, unchanged edition, ibid. 2001, ISBN 3-412-02601-8 .
  • Konrad Haumann: Mutzschen, a forgotten (romantic) small town idyll. in: Mitteilungen des Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz, Issue 1–2, Verlag Bassenge and Fritzsche, Dresden, 1925, pp. 1–8.
  • Helga Reich, Siegfried Schmidt: 900 years of Mutzschen. 1081-1981. Mutzschen city council, Grimma district, Typodruck Verlag, Schubeck, Grimma area 2, 1981, pp. 3, 10–11, 44–45.
  • Gerhard Cheap : The Burgward organization in the Upper Saxon-Meissnian area. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1989, ISBN 978-3-326-00489-1 , p. 65.
  • Siegfried Schmidt: 5 years in a 450-year-old city. Stadtverwaltung Mutzschen, Mutzschen, 1994, pp. 37-38.
  • Gerhard Cheap, Heinz Müller: Castles. Witnesses of Saxon history , Verlag Degener Co. Neustadt ad Aisch, 1998, p. 107 f., ISBN 3-7686-4191-0 .
  • Susanne Baudisch: Castles and manors in northwest Saxony. Exit 11th century to mid-14th century. Haus Katzbach, Regis-Breitingen 1996, Vol. I, pp. 70 f., ISBN 3-930044-04-8 .
  • Susanne Baudisch: Local nobility in northwest Saxony. Settlement and rule structures from the late 11th to the 14th century. Böhlau Verlag 1999, pp. 149 f., ISBN 3-412-02599-2 .

Web links

Commons : Schloss Mutzschen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: The legends of the Mutzschen Castle near Grimma  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the Mutzschen city archive is the legacy book of the old manor from the year 1754. It lists the manual and clamping services of that time, as well as the tax payments. The castle complex was larger at that time and extended to today's Mutzschen market square.
  2. ↑ Cornelius Gurlitt : Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. Issue 19, Amtshauptmannschaft Grimma, Meinhold & Söhne, Dresden, 1897, p. 183.
  3. ↑ The baroque Mutzschen Castle. In: Internet presence of the city of Mutzschen. Archived from the original on February 17, 2012 ; Retrieved October 5, 2013 .
  4. ^ Mutzschen City Administration: Mutzschen Official Gazette. Mutzschen, May 2010, p. 8 ( PDF, 1.12 MB ( memento of February 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )).
  5. ^ Wilfried Baumann: rescue ditch on the Schloßberg in Mutzschen. Grimma district. in excavations and finds. News sheet for prehistory and early history. Vol. 16, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, pp. 65–70.
  6. ^ Reinhard Spehr : Christianization and earliest church organization in the Mark Meissen. An attempt . In: Judith Oexle (ed.): Early churches in Saxony. Results of archaeological and architectural studies (publications by the State Office for Archeology and State Museum for Prehistory 23) Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8062-1094-2 , pp. 8–63.
  7. ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. II, 15, p. 229 f. No. 327, here p. 330 line 14 online , accessed on February 22, 2011.
  8. ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. I, A 1, p. 341 f. No. 151. online . Regesta Imperii online (PDF, 1.55 MB), p. 346, accessed on February 22, 2011.
  9. ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. II, 1, pp. 70-72 No. 74, here p. 72 line 1. online , accessed on February 22, 2011.
  10. ↑ Document No. 1848 in the main state archive in Dresden .
  11. ↑ a b M. Christian Gottlob Lorenz: The city of Grimma in the kingdom of Saxony, historical description. Publishing house Gustav Gensel, Grimma, 1871.
  12. ↑ Jakob Christoph Iselin : Newly increased historical and geographical general lexicon. Johann Ludwig Brandmüller, Basel, 1747, p. 486.
  13. ^ Funeral sermon: Dietrich von Starschedel in the archive of Ev.-Luth. Mutzschen town church.
  14. ↑ Axel wing: Bourgeois manors. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, ISBN 3-525-35681-1 , 2000, p. 128.
  15. ↑ A brief presentation of the results of the historical building study shows the substructure of a floor with the indication 1752: online , accessed on February 22, 2011.
  16. ↑ Carl Friedrich Naumann, Bernhard von Cotta: Explanations of the geognostic chart of the Kingdom of Saxony and the adjoining state departments. Arnoldische Buchhandlung, Dresden and Leipzig, 1836, p. 108.
  17. ↑ State Archives Leipzig: 20484 - Rittergut Mutzschen (Patrimonial Court). Index card 1962, Schongauer Straße 1, Leipzig.
  18. ↑ Dr. Naumann: About an order of the Leipzig regional council of November 15, 1939. Advertisement in the Mutzschener Anzeiger, December 12, 1939, Mutzschen, in the archive of the Mutzschen Heimatverein.
  19. ↑ a b Juttha Barthel: Testimony about the post-war period. hand-written notes from February 11, 2011, Mutzschen, February, 2011.
  20. ^ Jens Blecher, Gerald Wiemers: The Leipzig University Archives. From the iron box to the data treasury. ( PDF file, 68.6 KB ).
  21. ↑ Dr. Christoph Mecking: Revitalization of old foundations. In: Journal of Foundations (Zst), Berliner Wissenschaft-Verlag, Berlin, ISSN  1611-6925 , p. 143.
  22. ^ A b Haig Latchinian: Europeum's business operations are discontinued. Leipziger Volkszeitung, Grimma, December 3, 2009, URL: ( online , accessed on: February 22, 2011).
  23. ↑ Constanze Paffrath: The expropriations 1945 - 1949 in the process of German reunification. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, 2004, ISBN 978-3-412-18103-1 .
  24. ^ Mutzschen City Administration: Mutzschen Official Gazette. Mutzschen, August 2008, p. 5.
  25. ↑ State Office for Archeology Saxony: November 15, 2007 - Schloßberg von Mutzschen, Muldentalkreis. Dresden, 2007, URL: ( online , accessed on: February 22, 2011).
  26. ^ Mutzschen City Administration: Mutzschen Official Gazette. Mutzschen, October 2007, p. 7, (PDF, 1.26 MB), URL: ( online ( memento of December 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on: February 22, 2011).
  27. ^ Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk: Mutzschen Castle sold to US investor. Retrieved July 2, 2018 .
  28. ↑ Deborah Hey: Motor Soul Resort website. Retrieved June 2, 2018 .
  29. ↑ Deborah Hey: Website of the café "Soul-Kitchen". Retrieved June 2, 2018 .
  30. ^ Johann Georg Theodor Grasse: The treasure trove of the Kingdom of Saxony. Volume 1. Dresden, 1874, pp. 343-346.

Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 39.6 "  N , 12 ° 53 ′ 5.7"  E