Office Mutzschen

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The Mutzschen office was a territorial administrative unit of the Electorate of Saxony in the Leipzig district . Until the end of the Saxon constitution of offices in 1856, the office formed the spatial reference point for the demand for sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and military service . The official seat was initially at Mutzschen Castle and after the Mutzschen town fire in 1681 it was relocated to the Wermsdorf Hunting Lodge and later to Hubertusburg Castle in Wermsdorf .

Geographical location

The Mutzschen office was east of the Mulde between the towns of Grimma in the west and Oschatz in the east. The associated places are in the immediate vicinity of the municipality of Wermsdorf or the town of Mutzschen, which was incorporated into Grimma in 2012 . The Wermsdorfer Forest (Mutzschener Heide) in the northeast and three exclaves in the immediate vicinity belonged to the official area.

Adjacent administrative units

Wurzen Abbey ( Amt Wurzen ) Office Oschatz
Inheritance Grimma Neighboring communities Office Oschatz
Amt Leisnig (exclaves) Inheritance Grimma (exclaves) Wurzen Abbey ( Amt Mügeln )

history

prehistory

The area around Mutzschen was settled by Slavs since the 8th century , who built a castle on the Mutzschener Schlossberg from the 9th century. With the incorporation of the areas between Saale and Elbe under Kings Heinrich I and Otto I into Eastern Franconia , a Burgward was probably set up in the area around Mutzschen , the center of which was the seat of rule and administration in the region in Mutzschen or on the Alte Schanze was near Köllmichen. In 1081 King Heinrich IV gave his faithful Chitele the three villages ( villae ) Mutzschen ( Musitscin ), Böhlitz ( Beliz , now part of the city of Grimma) and Mehlis ( Milus , desert between Böhlitz and Prösitz) along with all accessories and all income free ownership, as well as the forest belonging to Mutzschen within specified limits in the Gau Chutizi in the county of Ekberts , as can be seen from a document issued on March 18, 1081 in Regensburg. With this crown gift, the basis for a spatially limited allodial manorial estate south of the Wermsdorf Forest is created. The forest later belonged to the Mutzschen rulership as Mutzschener Heide or Wermsdorfer Forst.

The Mutzschen rule

In 1206, a Konrad von Mutzschen ( Cunradus de Mutsin ) was named as a witness in a document for the first time. In connection with Döben and Luppa (Wermsdorf) , Konrad von Mutzschen is a nobleman and thus an indication of older roots in this region than the documents can deliver. The noble sex died out in the male line at the end of the 13th century or migrated to Upper Lusatia . Probably around 1290, but certainly before 1308, the Burgraves of Leisnig acquired the castle and rule of Mutzschen. In a document from 1308 they name Mutzschen for the first time castrum nostrum . In 1445 Heinrich von Starschedel acquired the Mutzschen and Wermsdorf castles . This family came from Starsiedel . It came to Mutzschen after the Wettins took possession of Leisnig Castle in 1365 and ousted the burgraves there. However, Mutzschen remained a minority town that could not achieve the urban freedoms common in the Middle Ages. The city judge was appointed by the landlord to administer the city, and there were no mayors and councilors in the Middle Ages and early modern times. The von Starschedel family had the predecessor of today's old hunting lodge built in Wermsdorf . After the division of Leipzig in 1485, the Mutzschen rule belonged to the Ernestine line of the Wettins . Since the defeat of the Ernestines in the Schmalkaldic War in 1547, it has belonged to the Albertine line .

The Mutzschen office

Elector August I of Saxony acquired the castle, manor and place in 1565 . As early as 1556, the Lords of Starschedel had sold Wermsdorf to the Elector, so that he could now fully realize his rule over the Wermsdorf Forest . The Saxon Elector expanded the area around 1582 by purchasing additional territories from the von Starschedel family . From 1585 the Mutzschen office was completely owned by the sovereign.

After the Mutzschen town fire in 1681, the official residence was relocated from Mutzschen Castle to Wermsdorf . The Wermsdorf Forest served the Electors of Saxony as an extensive hunting area. Elector Friedrich August the Just began to build the old hunting lodge in Wermsdorf. The prestigious Hubertusburg Castle was built in Wermsdorf as the venue for the festivities after the hunt in 1721, which after renovation in 1743 became one of the largest Baroque hunting castles in Europe. In 1761 the Hubertusburg was looted by the Prussians during the Seven Years' War . In 1763, the Hubertusburg Peace was signed in Dahlen Castle . The small Mutzschen office existed until the judicial office was dissolved in 1856. Its successor was the Wermsdorf court office .

Components

In 1827 there were 3,030 inhabitants in one city and eight villages. The 3.8 hectare Wermsdorf Forest was part of the official area .

Cities
Official Villages
  • Gottwitz
  • Jesewitz (proportionately)
  • Leipen (proportionately)
  • Lobschütz (exclave)
  • Mahlis
  • Merschwitz
  • Poischwitz (exclave)
  • Roda
  • Serka (exclave)
  • Wetteritz

literature

Web links