District Office Leipzig

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Map of the Leipzig district office, copper engraving 1758
Geographical draft of the Leipzig office ... , a copper engraved map by Peter Schenk , approx. 1740

The Leipzig District Office was a territorial administrative unit of the Electorate of Saxony in the Leipzig district . As a district office , the Leipzig office was assigned higher-level tasks.

Until the end of the Saxon constitution of offices in 1856, the office formed the spatial reference point for the demand for sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and military service .

Geographical location

The Leipzig office was in the center of the Leipzig lowland bay at the confluence of the Weißer Elster , Pleiße and Parthe rivers . The western city limits of Leipzig also formed the border between the Leipzig district and the rule of Saxony-Merseburg ( Lützen ). Some places had to give way to the lignite mining of the 20th century (opencast mines Espenhain , Cospuden and Zwenkau ).

The area of ​​the Leipzig district office is now largely in the Free State of Saxony and belongs to the city of Leipzig , as well as the districts of Northern Saxony and Leipzig . The exclaves Oetzsch and Treben today belong to the Saalekreis in the state of Saxony-Anhalt .

Adjacent administrative units

Saxony-Merseburg ( Schkeuditz Office ) Offices Delitzsch and Eilenburg Wurzen Abbey ( Amt Wurzen )
Saxony-Merseburg ( Office Lützen ) Neighboring communities Inheritance Grimma
Office Pegau Office Borna Inheritance Grimma

history

The city of Leipzig was created around 900 as a Slavic settlement. Though founded in the city of 1165 applies in which Margrave Otto the Rich of Meissen the location at the intersection of Via Regia with the Via Imperii the city charter and market rights granted.

The area of ​​the later Leipzig office was in the Pleißenland and was one of the first possessions of the Margraviate of Meissen . It was dependent on the Merseburg bishopric . A margrave bailiff was mentioned as administrator as early as 1221. The Margraviate of Meissen was incorporated into the Electorate of Saxony . In 1485 the electoral principality of Saxony was divided up between the two margrave brothers Albrecht the Courageous and Ernst in Leipzig .

After the division of Leipzig in 1485, the area of ​​what would later become the office of Leipzig belonged to the Albertine Duchy of Saxony , whose capital was Dresden, which until then was insignificant compared to Leipzig or Meißen . Leipzig was often the meeting place for the state parliament . After the administrative reform in 1499, Leipzig was a so-called office in the Leipzig district , in addition to which there were seven others in the electorate. As a district office, the Leipzig Office was assigned higher-level tasks. In 1539 the Reformation was finally introduced in Leipzig by Luther and Justus Jonas . The city was also affected by the Schmalkaldic War of 1546 and 1547, in which Leipzig and Saxony were primarily concerned with equality of the Protestant denominations. As a result, the electoral dignity changed to the Albertine line, in whose duchy Leipzig was. The Thirty Years War was a serious turning point in the prosperous development of the city, the population fell from 18,000 to 12,000. Between 1631 and 1642 the city was besieged five times, from 1642 to 1650 it was occupied by the Swedish. On September 17, 1631, the Leipzig area with the battle of Breitenfeld was the scene of one of the greatest defeats of the imperial army under Tilly in the Thirty Years' War. A year later, on November 16, 1632, Gustav Adolf was killed in the Battle of Lützen , about ten kilometers southwest of today's Leipzig city limits. During the Seven Years' War Leipzig was occupied by Prussia from 1756 to 1763 . In 1813 the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig took place in the course of the so-called Wars of Liberation . The allied armies of the Austrians , Prussians, Russians and Swedes brought Napoleon's troops and their allies, including the Kingdom of Saxony , the decisive defeat in this battle .

As a result of the defeat of the Kingdom of Saxony , the Congress of Vienna decided in 1815 to assign territories to the Kingdom of Prussia . In the Leipzig district , this affected the offices of Düben , Eilenburg , Delitzsch and Zörbig to the north of the Leipzig district office , as well as large parts of the offices of Schkeuditz and Lützen belonging to Sachsen-Merseburg . The small parts of the offices of Schkeuditz and Lützen that remained with the Kingdom of Saxony and the two exclaves of the Delitzsch office in the Leipzig office were attached to the Leipzig district office. In contrast, the Leipzig exclaves Pröttitz and Hayna (Leipzig share) located in the Delitzsch office were ceded to Prussia and incorporated into the Delitzsch district. The places of the exclave of the manor district Altranstädt also came to Prussia in 1815 except for Klein-Miltitz. They were incorporated into the Merseburg district.

In the course of the reorganization of the judicial and administrative authorities, the Leipzig district office was dissolved in 1856. Its duties were taken over by the court offices of Leipzig I and Leipzig II , Rötha , Markranstädt, Zwenkau and Taucha .

The Harth judicial district

The neck court district of Harth, also known as the “court in front of the Harth”, had been in the possession of the Margraviate of Meißen since 1378 and was mentioned separately at that time. In the 15th century it was absorbed by the Leipzig office.

The office of Taucha

The town of Taucha with the Burgward came to the ore monastery of Magdeburg as a gift from Heinrich II in 1004 . Taucha, the center of the archbishop's office, was elevated to the status of town in 1174. In 1268 Heinrich von Trebsen is recorded as Vogt. In 1280 the Margrave Dietrich von Landsberg took the castle. Since then, the Wettins appeared as officials. The "Amt Taucha" was documented around 1349. The Wettins recognized the feudal sovereignty of the Archbishopric Magdeburg in the middle of the 14th century, but united the office with the Leipzig office in 1378.

Components

The office, based in Leipzig, comprised five cities and 134 villages with 56,500 inhabitants in 1827 and was also called the district office at the time.

Cities

Villages

Villages (exclaves)

Desolations and a.

  • Drehsa (near Gerichshain)
  • Kolmen (near Holzhausen)
  • Thekla
  • Wehrbruch (near Zweenfurth)

Villages that came to the administrative area in 1815

From the former Delitzsch office
From the former office of Schkeuditz
From the former office of Lützen
  • Zeschwitz

Bailiffs

literature

Web links

Commons : Leipzig District Office  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alma mater Lipsiensis 1409–2009 (PDF; 283 kB)
  2. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Merseburg 1816, p. 336
  3. ^ The district of Merseburg in the municipal directory 1900