Plagwitz (Leipzig)

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Coat of arms of Leipzig
Plagwitz
district of Leipzig
Coordinates 51 ° 19'35 "  N , 12 ° 20'0"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 19'35 "  N , 12 ° 20'0"  E..
surface 1.73 km²
Residents 15,960 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density 9225 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation 1891
Post Code 04229
prefix 0341
Borough southwest
Transport links
railroad Leipzig – Gera – Saalfeld
Plagwitz – Gaschwitz
Plagwitz – Miltitzer Allee
Train S 1
tram 3, 14
bus 60, 74
Source: statistik.leipzig.de

Plagwitz is a district of Leipzig . Until its incorporation in 1891, the place was an independent municipality. Crossed by the Karl Heine Canal , it was heavily influenced by industry from the second half of the 19th century. After a phase of decline and decay, Plagwitz has developed into a center of the cultural and creative industries since the turn of the 21st century , experiencing a sharp increase in population and gentrification . According to the municipal structure of Leipzig , Plagwitz is a district in the south-west of the city.

location

Plagwitz is located about three kilometers west of Leipzig city center and borders Lindenau to the north, Schleußig to the east (with the course of the White Elster as a natural border), Neulindenau to the west (delimited by the Leipzig – Probstzella railway line ) and Kleinzschocher to the south .

The statistical district of Plagwitz according to the communal structure from 1992 only partially coincides with the historically grown district or the former municipality of Plagwitz. Parts of the former Plagwitz were added to the districts of Lindenau and Neulindenau. So z. B. the Plagwitz cemetery according to the current structure in the Neulindenau district, the rock cellar and the villas north of Karl-Heine-Strasse in the Lindenau district, although they historically belong to Plagwitz. In return, the northern part of the Kleinzschocher district (between Markranstädter and Antonienstraße) is administratively counted as part of the Plagwitz district.

The Karl Heine Canal divides Plagwitz into two parts: the south is characterized by industrial and commercial areas, in the north residential areas predominate.

history

Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

The village was laid out by Slavic settlers south of the junction of the Kleiner Luppe on the west bank of the White Elster . In 1486 it was first mentioned in a document as "Plochtewitz". The place name is derived from the Old Sorbian word Płachtovic, which means something like “settlement on the divided parcel” (cf. Sorbian płachta = sheet, cloth, sail).

The bishops of Merseburg had been rulers since the 13th century (until 1562). After the diocese was converted into a secular monastery , the Electors of Saxony served as sovereigns from 1562 to 1656, the Dukes of Saxony-Merseburg from 1656 to 1738 and the Electors (kings since 1806) of Saxony from 1738 to 1918 . Both within the Merseburg Monastery and in the Duchy of Saxony-Merseburg, the village of Plagwitz belonged to the Office of Lützen . After the assignment of most of the Merseburg Monastery to the Kingdom of Prussia as a result of the Vienna Treaty of January 10, 1815, Plagwitz came to the Leipzig District Office with the eastern part of the Lützen district that remained with the Kingdom of Saxony .

The village of Plagwitz belonged to the manor of the Kleinzschocher manor (as did the villages of Kleinzschocher, Schleußig and Großmiltitz ). Kleinzschocher was also the parish and school location for the Plagwitz people. In 1835 the village comprised 4 1/8 Magazinhufen land, 20 houses and 172 residents.

After the landlord in Saxony was replaced, Plagwitz was an independent municipality from 1839 to 1890. However, lower jurisdiction remained with the Kleinzschocher Patrimonial Court until October 1, 1856 .

Rise to the industrial community

Leipzig-Plagwitz train station

In 1854, the Leipzig lawyer Karl Heine (1819–1888) began buying land in the Plagwitz community in order to use it for the planned settlement of industrial companies. New traffic routes were also laid out under his direction. The first section of the Elster-Saale Canal , which began in 1856, which today bears his name as the Karl-Heine Canal, and the construction of a new bridge over the White Elster and thus a direct connection to Leipzig, should be mentioned here. The expansion of the infrastructure favored the settlement of a large number of new factories. The agricultural machinery factory Rudolph Sack , founded in 1863, and the Mey & Edlich company (production of paper collars, paper cuffs and other fashion items), which had been producing in Plagwitz since 1869, were particularly important .

In 1872 Plagwitz was finally connected to the Leipzig tram network and in 1873 with the commissioning of the initially private Thuringian Railway Company , later the Royal Prussian Zeitzer Railway to the German railway network. In 1879, the line to Markkleeberg-Gaschwitz was also connected to the Royal Saxon railway network. As a result, a large industrial station was built in Plagwitz as a transfer station between the two railway companies with numerous connecting lines and industrial connections . The wooden Könneritz Bridge over the White Elster, built in 1869, was replaced by an iron bridge in 1899.

Heilandskirche , around 1913

The growing importance of Plagwitz's industry was also reflected in an increase in the number of residents. In 1834 the community had only 134 inhabitants, in 1871 there were already 2,531 and on the eve of the incorporation to Leipzig in 1890 13,045. Due to the increase in population, Plagwitz increasingly broke away from Kleinzschocher, and in 1862 a school was inaugurated. From 1873 to 1890, the rural community of Plagwitz belonged to the Leipzig district administration . In 1880 the Plagwitz cemetery, which still exists today, was laid out on Stockmannstrasse. There are the graves of important entrepreneurs and their families, including Hugo Brehmer , Rudolph Sack and Ernst Mey .

The Plagwitz depot, created in 1881, was the second street station of the Leipzig Horse Railway. In 1884 the Consum Association for Plagwitz and the surrounding area was founded, which developed into one of the largest consumer cooperatives in Germany and was the forerunner of today's Konsum Leipzig e. G. was. The municipality of Plagwitz built a representative town hall on the old village street (today Alte Straße) in 1883/1884. Diagonally across the street, the neo-Gothic Heilandskirche was built between 1886 and 1888 for the now independent parish of Plagwitz . After Karl Heine's death in 1888, the Leipzig Westend construction company he founded continued his projects.

Plagwitz as a district of Leipzig

View of Plagwitz's industrial site (between 1918 and 1935)

On January 1, 1891, Plagwitz, which then had an area of ​​108.261 hectares, was incorporated into Leipzig. The work on the Karl Heine Canal was completed in 1893 (but not the connection to the Saale projected by Heine ), and the first department store opened in 1900. Little new residential and commercial space was added in the 1920s to 1940s. However, the brick expressionist consumer center built between 1929 and 1932 deserves special mention. In the Second World War, the Plagwitz companies prospered through arms contracts. These armaments factories were partly destroyed in the war, but there was no large-scale destruction in Plagwitz.

After the war, most of the companies were converted into state-owned companies. In the planned economy, hardly any investments were made in the existing industrial plants and old buildings, so that both business premises and residential buildings gradually fell into disrepair. The air was polluted by 118 chimneys per km². Nevertheless, the west of Leipzig remained the most densely populated industrial location in Europe until the end of the GDR. In 1989 there were around 13,000 industrial jobs in Plagwitz (out of a total of over 100,000 in Leipzig). After the turnaround and reunification in 1989/90, a sudden de-industrialization followed : Almost all factories were shut down, the number of jobs in industry shrank to 1,500 by 1995, 200,000 m² of industrial wasteland was created.

Former Saxon wool yarn factory , today loft apartments

The district of Plagwitz, established in 1992 as part of the municipal structure of the city of Leipzig for administrative and statistical purposes, only partially corresponds to the area of ​​the old municipality of Plagwitz. In 1995 a 75 hectare area in Plagwitz and Lindenau was declared a redevelopment area. Since then, new commercial areas have been built, and in many cases fallow industrial buildings have been converted. The 5th criminal division of the Federal Court of Justice moved from Berlin to the Villa Sack in Leipzig-Plagwitz in 1997. The Sächsische Wollgarnfabrik - the largest industrial monument in Germany - was converted into loft apartments in 1999 .

The project "Plagwitz on the way into the 21st century - an example of sustainable urban redevelopment" was presented at Expo 2000 . Around that time, Plagwitz has again been one of the most dynamic and “hip” districts of Leipzig. Numerous start-ups and actors from the cultural and creative industries settled here. Since then, a process of gentrification can be observed. Between 2000 and 2019, the population of the Plagwitz district almost doubled: from 8,534 to 16,297.

Population and statistics

The population structure of Plagwitz differs significantly from the Leipzig average in several points: the average age is quite young at 37.7 years, the age group of 25 to 40 year olds is strongly overrepresented with 38.5% of the total population, and there are also above average (Small) children. The proportion of senior citizens, on the other hand, is low at 12.7%. The once high student share (2008: 16%) has fallen rapidly and in 2017 was only 4% noticeably below the Leipzig average. However, there is still a high proportion of academics: 60% of the residents have a high school diploma, 39% have a university degree and 21% have a technical college degree. The car quota is quite low at 272 vehicles per 1000 inhabitants. The crime rate of 154 registered crimes per 1000 inhabitants is above the Leipzig average, the majority of which were thefts.

schools

  • Erich Zeigner School (primary school)
  • Fanny Hensel School (primary school)

traffic

At the station Leipzig-Plagwitz regional trains line Leipzig- Gera - Saalfeld and the line S 1 of the S-Bahn central Germany .

Tram line 3 crosses Plagwitz in a north-south direction (on Zschocherschen Straße), line 14 runs in a west-east direction along the northern edge of the district (Karl-Heine-Straße). Both connect Plagwitz with the city center. The two roads mentioned are also the main arteries for motorized private transport. In addition, bus line 60 connects the west of Plagwitz in one direction with Neulindenau, in the other with Kleinzschocher, the southern Schleußig and the southern suburb. The bus route 74 provides connections between eastern Plagwitz and Altlindenau as well as Schleußig and the southern suburb.

Worth seeing

  • Koenneritz Bridge over the White Elster

  • Karl Heine Canal with stilt house

  • Technical center for young people GaraGe

  • Westwerk art quarter

  • Wilhelminian style facade

  • Niemeyer-Kugel Spinnereistraße 13

Personalities

  • Carl Erdmann Heine (1819–1888), lawyer, entrepreneur and liberal politician
  • Rudolph Sack (1824–1900), mechanical engineering entrepreneur
  • Hugo Brehmer (1844–1891), mechanical engineering entrepreneur and inventor
  • Ernst Mey (1844–1903), entrepreneur
  • Marie Huch (1853–1934), writer
  • Max Klinger (1857–1920), sculptor, painter and graphic artist
  • Otto Hermann Steche (1879–1945), physician, zoologist and teacher
  • Walter Cramer (1886–1944), textile entrepreneur and resistance fighter against National Socialism
  • Erich Zeigner (1886–1949), lawyer and politician (SPD / SED)
  • Otto Lummitzsch (1886–1962), founder of the technical emergency aid and the technical relief organization
  • Walter Heinze (1900–1933), worker and resistance fighter against National Socialism

literature

  • Society for Local History / Section City History Leipzig (Ed.): From the history of the Leipzig districts Dölitz, Plagwitz and Thekla , Leipzig 1987
  • Ursula Herrmann: Plagwitz - from the history of the suburb and its industry , Leipzig 1986
  • Thomas Noack: Monument values ​​in the industrial suburb of Leipzig-Plagwitz and the possibilities of their preservation and use , in: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Sachsen (Ed.): Denkmalpflege in Sachsen. Announcements from the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in 1999 , bequeathed by the publishing house, Halle / S. 1999, pp. 127-132
  • Pro Leipzig eV (Ed.): In the Leipziger Elsterland from Plagwitz to Hartmannsdorf. Plagwitz, Schleußig, Kleinzschocher, Großzschocher, Knauthain, Knautkleeberg, Windorf, Hartmannsdorf , Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 1997, ISBN 3-9805368-3-1
  • Pro Leipzig eV (Ed.): Plagwitz. A Leipzig district in transition , Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 1999, ISBN 3-9806474-5-5
  • Bernd Rüdiger: Plagwitz - a historical and urban planning study , Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 1995
  • Saxon Academy of the Arts (Ed.): Leipzig - Problems of urban development with special consideration of the EXPO location Leipzig-Plagwitz. Conference of the architecture class of the Saxon Academy of the Arts in cooperation with the City of Leipzig, October 23 to 24, 1997 , Verlag der Sächsische Akademie der Künste, Dresden 1999, ISBN 3-934367-01-1
  • Heinz Voigt: A hike through Leipzig-Plagwitz , UniMedia Verlag, Baalsdorf 1997
  • Helga Schmidt: Plagwitz. Chances and problems of the revitalization of an inner-city residential area. In: Luise Grundmann, Sabine Tzschaschel, Meike Wollkopf (eds.): Leipzig. A geographic guide through the city and the surrounding area. , Institut für Länderkunde, Thom Verlag Leipzig, 1996, pp. 120-137.

Web links

Commons : Plagwitz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ André Loh-Kliesch: Plagwitz and Plagwitz (district) , Leipzig Lexicon.
  2. ^ André Loh-Kliesch: Plagwitz (district) , Leipzig Lexicon.
  3. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas , Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 , p. 84 f.
  4. ↑ a b c d Horst Riedel: Stadtlexikon Leipzig from A to Z. Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 2005, pp. 466–469, entry Plagwitz .
  5. ↑ Christina Schmitt, Wolfgang Amann: Gentrification in Leipzig? Data and analysis. In: EinundLeipzig , December 15, 2014.
  6. ^ District profile Plagwitz , Leipzig information system.
  7. ↑ District catalog 2018. Structural data of the districts and districts. City of Leipzig - Office for Statistics and Elections, pp. 173–176 , accessed on May 9, 2020 .