Fritz Höger

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Fritz Höger, photographed by Max Halberstadt
Bronze sculpture at the Broschek House in Hamburg

Fritz Höger (born June 12, 1877 in Bekenreihe near Elmshorn ; † June 21, 1949 in Bad Segeberg ; full name: Johann Friedrich Höger ) was a German builder and architect . He is considered one of the leading representatives of North German brick expressionism .

Life

Höger was the oldest of six children from a small farmer who ran a carpentry workshop. Two of his brothers also took up building trades. His brother Hermann (1882–1950), who was four and a half years younger , also became a well-known architect in Hamburg .

After an apprenticeship as a carpenter and work in his father's company, he attended the building trade school in Hamburg in the winter months and passed the master craftsman's examination in September 1899. After a two-year military service in 1901, he worked as a technical draftsman in the architectural office of Lundt & Kallmorgen in Hamburg, which he later described as very sterile, as the work was mainly based on pattern books. After four years he moved to the company of his future father-in-law, the building contractor Fritz Oldenburg, whose daughter Annie he married in 1905.

In 1907 he went into business for himself with his own architectural office and initially planned mostly private houses. Because of his lack of university education, he was denied membership in the Association of German Architects , and he referred to himself as a master builder .

Before the First World War , his first office buildings were built on Mönckebergstrasse in Hamburg, including the Klöpperhaus (today used by the Kaufhof department store ) and the Rappolthaus (today used by the Elsner shoe store, among others) still have individual Baroque style elements.

The Klöpperhaus was already built using clinker brick. Due to the higher firing temperatures, clinker bricks are frost-resistant and do not require any further treatment. These first large-scale buildings, the important stylistic elements of the later buildings - strong vertical or horizontal structuring with brick ironworks / cornices and staggered storeys as a design element - brought him his first successes. However, his drafts were heavily influenced and corrected by the building maintenance commission.

In 1912, the expansion of the Hapag administration on today's Ballindamm began because the building from 1903 ( Martin Haller ) no longer offered enough space. The client specified sandstone as the surface material and Höger had to do without his favorite building material. Several designs show a tower-like structure above the middle of the building, which would have had a lasting impact on the impression of the Inner Alster.

Other buildings, including several department stores, were built according to plans by Höger; they were destroyed in air raids by the Western Allies on Hamburg.

From 1914 to 1918 he did military service in France and Flanders and resumed his office operations. The young Karl Schneider worked on several competition designs, including the one for the German Hygiene Museum in Dresden, which were not implemented.

Chilehaus in Hamburg (built 1922–1924)

Höger became internationally known for the Chilehaus in Hamburg, which he built from 1922 to 1924 for the shipowner and saltpeter importer Henry B. Sloman in Hamburg. Here he used Bockhorner clinker bricks - as he did for many of his later buildings - and found his own style with very distinctive surface structures and a strong structure in the Art Deco style . He described the clinker as his building gem . He processed the clinker playfully and created his own decorative elements. This style was, however, partly rejected as Gothicizing .

In 1926 he also built the Lyzeum Curschmannstrasse in Hamburg-Eppendorf , near the Eppendorf University Hospital . A special feature of this building, which was completed as a girls' high school in 1926 and now serves as the Eppendorf district school , was the integration of an observatory in the towering tower facing Breitenfelder Straße. However, this plan was discarded for reasons of cost and the rooms were used for other purposes.

1925–1926 the Broschek House in Hamburg was built according to his plans (1980 conversion / addition to the hotel), 1926–1928 the Anzeiger high-rise in Hanover and 1928–29 the town hall of the city of Rüstringen (since 1937 town hall of Wilhelmshaven ). Many stylistic elements of the Anzeiger high-rise (built for the publisher August Madsack ) are similar to those of the Chilehaus.

The Sprinkenhof in Hamburg's Kontorhausviertel was a joint project with the Gerson brothers , who wanted to jointly influence this central building next to the Chilehaus and the Messberghof , which was also already completed . Höger carried out the third eastern construction phase alone, Hans Gerson had died in 1931, and his brother Oskar was no longer allowed to practice his profession.

Höger sympathized with the National Socialists at an early age and joined the party in 1932. Höger made numerous speaker appearances as part of the Nordic Society .

At the end of 1932, Ossip Klarwein (1893-1970), who had worked in the office since 1926 and whose independent work was noted on several drafts, was dismissed by Höger in order to “clean up” his workforce due to his Mosaic faith. Klarwein emigrated to Palestine and made a career as a self-employed architect in Israel.

In April 1933, several allegations of plagiarism were raised against Höger, which led to legal proceedings in the case of the Anzeigerhochhaus in Hanover.

From 1934 to 1935, through the mediation of his friend Fritz Mackensen, he held a chair at the Nordic Art Academy in Bremen, which he had to give up quickly.

In Alfred Rosenberg he found an advocate who had an exhibition organized for his sixtieth birthday in the Berlin “Office for Art Care”.

In 1937 he delivered designs for the Gauhochhaus / Gauforum , Ost-West-Straße and the suspension bridge over the Elbe in Hamburg, even though it was a closed competition.

Höger divorced his wife in 1940. After 1945, the now 68-year-old Höger could not find his way back to his earlier achievements, and major public contracts were not granted.

He retired to his place of birth, married Gertrude-Ilse Tilsen in 1946 and died on June 21, 1949 in Bad Segeberg. Höger was a member of the Hamburg Artists' Association from 1832 .

plant

Fonts

buildings

Selection of other buildings designed by Fritz Höger:

  • 1900: House in Hamburg-Langenhorn , Langenhorner Chaussee 115
  • 1905: Own house in Hamburg-Langenhorn, Langenhorner Chaussee 109
  • 1909: Office and commercial building of the Heinrich Niemann company (called: "Niemannhaus") in Hamburg, Graskeller / Admiralitätsstrasse (in it also Höger's office until it was relocated to Klostertorhof in 1911; demolished at the end of the 1960s)
  • 1910: Busses company´s residential and commercial building in Hamburg-Altona , Große Bergstraße / Praesidentweg (not preserved)
  • 1910: School in (Hamburg-) Moorwerder (not preserved)
  • 1910–1911: The Glass Company's residential and commercial building (called: “Predigerhaus”) in Hamburg, Mönckebergstrasse / Bergstrasse 7
  • 1910–1911: Office and commercial building of the Olff, Feindt & Köpke company (called: "Klostertorhof") in Hamburg, Bahnhofsplatz 1 (burnt out after being hit by a bomb in 1943, including Höger's office and archive; ruins demolished in the 1950s)
  • 1910–1912: “Soldier's Home” for the North German Men and Young Men Association. V. in what was then the " Lockstedter Lager ", today the municipality of Hohenlockstedt , as a social meeting place for the soldiers stationed in the Lockstedt camp for artillery training. The soldiers' home is listed and has been restored to its original state since 2019.
  • 1911: Residential and commercial building in Glückstadt , Am Markt 1 (changed)
  • 1911–1912: Office and commercial building of the company Rappolt & Söhne (called: "Rappolthaus") in Hamburg, Mönckebergstrasse 11 / Barkhof / Jacobikirchhof (changed)
  • 1912: Factory building of the Walter Carl Bröcker company in Itzehoe (heavily modified)
  • 1912: Canteen and residential building on behalf of the owner (Hans Duensing) of the Boizenburger record factory, Bahnhofsstraße 35.
  • 1912–1913: Kontorhaus for the textile and haberdashery dealer Adolph Klöpper (called: "(New) Klöpperhaus") in Hamburg, Mönckebergstrasse 3 / Lange Mühren / Bugenhagenstrasse. (1966/1967 converted inside to a department store )
  • 1912–1913: School in Großhansdorf near Hamburg
  • 1913–1914: Administration building for Westfälische Transport-AG (WTAG) and Emder Verkehrsgesellschaft AG in Emden (East Friesland), Schweckendieckplatz 1
  • 1913–1914: Commercial building of the Chamber of Commerce ("Handelshof") in Hamburg-St. Georg, Long Row 29
  • 1913–1919: Conversion and expansion of the " HAPAG -Haus" in Hamburg, Ballindamm 25
  • 1914: Wachtmeisterhaus in Ahrensburg , Reeshoop 22 (preserved)
  • 1919–1920: Headquarters of Schleswig-Holsteinische-Elektrizitäts -versorgung GmbH (called: "Schleswag-Haus") in Rendsburg , Stormstrasse 1
  • 1921–1922: The office building of the Robert M. Sloman shipping company ( Slomanhaus ) in Hamburg, Baumwall 3 / Steinhöft 11–17, was raised and expanded
  • 1922: Administration building for Deutsche Werft AG in Hamburg-Finkenwerder (destroyed in the war)
  • 1922–1923: Expansion (?) Of the Stormarn District Office ("Stormarn House", later the Wandsbek District Office) in Hamburg-Wandsbek , Schloßstraße 60 (changed)
  • 1922–1924: Office and commercial building for Henry B. Sloman (known as " Chilehaus ") in Hamburg, Messberg / Pumpen / Burchardstrasse / Burchardplatz 1/2 / Niedernstrasse / Depenau / Klingberg
  • 1923–1924: House for Edye in Hamburg- Wohldorf-Ohlstedt , Alsterblick 1
  • 1924–1925: Own house in Hamburg-Wohldorf, Duvenstedter Triftweg (not preserved)
  • 1925–1926: Office and commercial building for the Broschek & Co. publishing house (" Broschek House ") in Hamburg, Heuberg 2 / Große Bleichen (only 1st construction phase carried out, supplemented in 1981 based on Höger's designs, today Renaissance Hamburg Hotel )
  • 1926–1927: Factory building of the perfumery factory Scherk (today Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology of the Free University of Berlin ) in Berlin-Steglitz , Kelchstrasse 31 (only 1st construction phase carried out, heavily modified)
  • 1926–1928: School building with gym (“Lyzeum Curschmannstraße”, later part of the Eppendorf University Clinic ) in Hamburg-Hoheluft, Curschmannstraße 39 / Breitenfelder Straße
  • 1926–1929: Extension of the cigarette factory " Haus Neuerburg " (later Reemtsma) in Hamburg-Wandsbek, Walddörferstrasse 103 / Feldmannstrasse (converted into an office building in 1983/1984)
  • 1927–1928: Factory building of the Leder-Schüler company in Hamburg-Hammerbrook , Heidenkampsweg 32
  • 1927–1928: Office and commercial building for the publishing house A. Madsack & Co. (" Anzeiger-Hochhaus ") in Hanover, Goseriede 9
  • 1927–1928: Municipal hospital in Delmenhorst , Wildeshauser Straße 92 (in collaboration with the architect Friedrich Ruppel )
  • 1927–1928: Office and commercial building for Sprinkenhof AG (“ Sprinkenhof ”) in Hamburg, Burchardstrasse 6–14 / Johanniswall / Altstädter Strasse 1–8 / Burchardplatz / Springeltwiete (1st construction phase (middle section) together with Hans and Oskar Gerson ; 2nd construction phase 1930–1932 and 3rd construction phase 1939–1943 by Höger alone)
  • 1927–1928: Single-family house in Hamburg-Groß Flottbek , Müllenhoffweg 35
  • 1927–1928: Apartment building with studio and photo laboratory for the Dransfeld brothers in Hamburg-Winterhude , Winterhuder Marktplatz / Ohlsdorfer Strasse 2-6
  • 1928: House for the publisher Erich Madsack in Hannover-List , Walderseestrasse 3
  • 1928: High-rise residential building ("Haus Günther") in Hanover, Stephansplatz / Oesterleystraße 5 (changed)
  • 1928: "Pavilion of the Hamburg Foreign Gazette" for the Broschek & Co. publishing house in Cologne-Deutz (exhibition grounds), at the International Press Exhibition in Cologne 1928 (" Pressa ") (not preserved)
  • 1928: Administration building of Bentheimer Eisenbahn AG in Bad Bentheim , Bahnhofstrasse 24
  • 1928: Residential house with hand-weaving mill, Nebenbahnstraße 14, Hamburg-Eidelstedt
  • 1928–1929: Apartment building at the Zoological Garden in Berlin-Tiergarten , Lützowufer 36 (changed)
  • 1928–1929: Rüstringen Town Hall (since 1937 Wilhelmshaven Town Hall ) in Wilhelmshaven
  • 1928–1930: Apartment building in the Jarrestadt in Hamburg-Winterhude
  • 1929: Cemetery chapel at the Bungerhof municipal cemetery in Delmenhorst
  • 1929: Cemetery chapel in the Protestant cemetery in Delmenhorst
  • 1929–1932: Operations center (production, warehouse and administration) for the consumer association Leipzig-Plagwitz eGmbH in Leipzig - Plagwitz , Industriestraße 85–95
  • 1930–1933: Evangelical church on Hohenzollernplatz with parish hall in Berlin-Wilmersdorf , Hohenzollerndamm 202–203 / Hohenzollernplatz / Nassauische Strasse 66–67 / Nikolsburger Strasse 1
  • 1930–1931: Extension of the Garbáty cigarette factory in Berlin-Pankow , Hadlichstrasse 44 / Berliner Strasse 123–124
  • 1931: Leśny Sanatorium in Danzig , Szpitala Marynarki Wojenne 7
  • 1932–1933: Single-family house in Wilhelmshaven, Herbartstraße 53
  • 1933: Evangelical Free Church Martin Luther Church in Celle , Hannoversche Strasse
  • 1933: Tomb for the Madsack family in the Stöcken city cemetery in Hanover
  • 1934: Hohenkirchen water tower in Hohenkirchen (Wangerland)
  • 1934–1935: Single-family house Huusbarg 36 in Hamburg-Volksdorf
  • 1934–1935: House for Dr. Meyer in Wilhelmshaven, Baudissinweg 2 (destroyed)
  • 1935–1941: Siebethsburg settlement for Bauverein Rüstringen eGmbH in Wilhelmshaven-Rüstringen, Siebethsburger Strasse / Banter Weg / Bismarckstrasse / Kirchreihe
  • 1936: Wernigerode -Westerntor station building of the Harz narrow-gauge railways
  • 1936: Friedrich-Busse memorial (Busse memorial) in Bremerhaven- Wesermünde , An der Geeste / Ludwigstrasse
  • 1936–1937: Administrative building of the Meppen district in Meppen (Emsland), Bahnhofstrasse / Kolpingstrasse
  • 1937: Extension for Magnus Weidemann's house , Keitum , Sylt
  • 1938: Water tower in Bad Zwischenahn
  • 1938–1939: Housing estate (for victims of the First World War) in Meppen, Heckenweg / Alte Moorbahn / Bürgermeister-Frye-Straße / Fullener Straße
  • 1939: Home of the poet Gunnar Gunnarsson in eastern Iceland
  • 1941: Schilling farm in Bekenreihe near Elmshorn
  • 1946: Memorial in Itzehoe for the victims of National Socialism (brick column)
  • 1947: Reconstruction of the Seliger residential and commercial building in Neumünster , Mühlenbrücke 2
  • 1948: Evangelical church with rectory in Geschendorf

Fritz Höger Prize

The Fritz Höger Prize for Brick Architecture is an international architecture prize that has been awarded every three years since 2008 by the “Brick Building Initiative - Two-Shell Wall Marketing e. V. ”and is endowed with a total of 10,000 euros. The award is only given to buildings with brick facing walls.

literature

  • Piergiacomo Bucciarelli: Fritz Höger. Hanseatic builder 1877–1949. Vice Versa Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-9803212-0-7 .
  • Manfred F. Fischer : Höger, Fritz . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 3 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-8353-0081-4 , p. 169-171 .
  • Ulrich Höhns: Fritz Höger. (= Hamburg heads .) Ellert & Richter, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8319-0487-7 .
  • Gerhard Kaldewey: Fritz Höger as a professor of architecture. In: Jahrbuch der Männer vom Morgenstern , Volume 79, Bremerhaven 2000, pp. 115-142.
  • Alfred Kamphausen : The builder Fritz Höger. (= Studies on Schleswig-Holstein Art History , Volume 12.) Verlag K. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1972.
  • Friedhelm Müller-Düring: The ravages of time are gnawing at the Wilhelmshaven town hall. In: Kulturland Oldenburg. Journal of the Oldenburg landscape. Edition 1/2016, No. 167, p. 2 ff. ( Digital library , accessed on April 5, 2016).
  • Hans Reuther :  Höger, Fritz. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 319 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Matthias Schmidt: The cathedral of the stars. Fritz Höger and the Anzeiger high-rise in Hanover. Architecture of the twenties between cosmology and Low German expressionism. (= Writings of the art history seminar of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Volume 3.) Münster 1996, ISBN 3-89473-457-4 .
  • Ingo Sommer: Fritz Höger and his work in Wilhelmshaven , In: Wilhelmshavener Zeitung of October 21, 1989.
  • Ingo Sommer: Fritz Höger and Wilhelmshaven, in: Stadtmuseum Delmenhorst u. a. (Ed.): Fritz Höger 1877-1949, Oldenburg 1999, ISBN 3-89598-640-2 .
  • Martin Stolzenau: creative architectural artist with aftermath . In: Heimat am Meer , supplement to Wilhelmshavener Zeitung , No. 13/2019, from June 22, 2019, p. 51.
  • Claudia Turtenwald: Fritz Höger (1877-1949). Architect between stone and steel, glass and concrete. Dissertation, University of Münster, Münster 2003. ( full text online )
  • Claudia Turtenwald (Ed.): Fritz Höger (1877-1949). Modern monuments. (Catalog for the exhibition "Fritz Höger, Architect of the Chilehaus, Modern Monuments" in the Museum of Art and Industry Hamburg from September 28 to November 16, 2003) Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-935549-56-3 .

Web links

Commons : Fritz Höger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Claudia Turtenwald (Ed.): Fritz Höger (1877-1949). Modern monuments. (Catalog for the exhibition "Fritz Höger, Architect of the Chilehaus, Modern Monuments" at the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg from September 28 to November 16, 2003) Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-935549-56-3 , p. 20 f.
  2. ↑ Claudia Turtenwald (Ed.): Fritz Höger (1877-1949). Modern monuments. (Catalog for the exhibition "Fritz Höger, Architect of the Chilehaus, Modern Monuments" at the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg from September 28 to November 16, 2003) Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-935549-56-3 , p. 32 f.
  3. ↑ Hamburg: List of monuments (PDF file; 11.3 MB), accessed on April 14, 2020
  4. ^ Arthur Boskamp Foundation: Högerbau in Hohenlockstedt is to become an artist house
  5. ↑ Fig. In: Elisabath M. Hajos / Leopold Zahn: Berlin architecture of the post-war period, Berlin: Albertus 1928, p. 79.
  6. ↑ The Dransfeld brothers were the architectural photographers who documented Höger's works.
  7. ↑ Stefan Hellmich (text), Anja Zervoss (photos): A castle made of bricks . In: Ostfriesland Magazin 10/2019, SKN Druck und Verlag, Norden 2015, p. 66 ff.
  8. ↑ Itzehoer memorial for the victims of the Nazi regime: Built, displaced, rediscovered
personal data
SURNAME Höger, Fritz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Höger, Johann Friedrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and builder
DATE OF BIRTH June 12, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Bekenzeile at Elmshorn
DATE OF DEATH June 21, 1949
Place of death Bad Segeberg