Bockhorn (Friesland)
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 53 ° 24 ' N , 8 ° 1' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Lower Saxony | |
| County : | Friesland | |
| Height : | 6 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 77 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 8892 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 115 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 26345 | |
| Area code : | 04453 | |
| License plate : | FRI | |
| Community key : | 03 4 55 025 | |
| LOCODE : | DE BCR | |
| Community structure: | 13 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Am Markt 1 26345 Bockhorn |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Thorsten Krettek | |
| Location of the municipality of Bockhorn in the district of Friesland | ||
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Bockhorn is a municipality in the district of Friesland in northwestern Lower Saxony . The community is a state-approved resort . Historically, the community belongs to the Oldenburger Land .
geography
Geographical location
Bockhorn is located south of Wilhelmshaven near the Federal Highway 29 .
Neighboring communities
The municipality of Bockhorn is bordered by the municipality of Zetel to the west and north , the city of Varel (both district of Friesland ) to the east and the city of Westerstede and the municipality of Wiefelstede (both district of Ammerland ) to the south . In the northeast, Bockhorn borders on the Jade Bay , a large bay on the North Sea, for around four kilometers .
Community structure
The municipality Bockhorn include not only the main town Bockhorn the villages: Adelheidsgroden , Blue Hand , Bockhornerfeld , Bredehorn , Ellenserdammersiel , Goehlriehenfeld , Grabstede , Grabstederfeld, Jührdenerfeld , Kranenkamp , Kryenbrok, Moorwinkelsdamm , Osterforde , Peter Groden and Steinhausen.
Land use
Around 85% of the Bockhorn municipality area consists of forest and agricultural areas. In contrast, the construction areas only account for around 9%. The total other land use can be seen in the following table:
| Land use in 2005 | Area in ha |
|---|---|
| Construction areas | 705 |
| Common needs | 10 |
| Traffic areas | 237 |
| Areas for supply and disposal | 2 |
| Green spaces | 33 |
| Agricultural land | 5916 |
| Forestry areas | 603 |
| Bodies of water | 110 |
| Other areas | 83 |
| total area | 7699 |
history
Finds from the Neolithic (3000–2000 BC), the Bronze Age (2000–750 BC) and the Iron Age (750 to the birth of Christ) attest that the region was settled long before the beginning of our era.
The Bockhorn settlement was probably founded when the Frisians invaded the Geest. The place name is found as Bochorne for the first time in a document from 1220. Bochorne is a compound name. The basic word is horna (curved hallway). Today's Bock is originally derived from boc , boca , buoca and means beech . According to its name, the old Bockhorn settlement must have been laid out on a curved floor plan that was then lined with beech trees. Thus, the coat of arms used today with the stag and the hunting horn is actually misleading.
In the Middle Ages, the Frisian Wehde and thus Bockhorn belonged to the Varel district in Rüstringen . In the 14th century, Bockhorn was an important market town on the Frisian Heerweg , as documented by letters of introduction to the Bockhorn market , which takes place on the Assumption of Mary, from the years 1310, 1312 and 1314. The letters of conduct served to protect foreign merchants, who could thus safely reach and leave the market.
Two storm surges - the Clement flood in 1334 and the Marcellus flood in 1362 - brought heavy land losses and great hardship to the population on the North Sea coast.
In 1428 the chief of Rüstringen Siebet gave Count Dietrich von Oldenburg and his wife Heilwig all claims and justice to the parish of Frijade and his goods to the parishes of Varel, Bockhorn, Zetel and Horsten. Disputes arose soon after the release. In 1486 the Westwehde was pledged again to East Frisia, until the Frisian Wehde finally came to Oldenburg through the Peace of Zetel in 1517.
During the Thirty Years' War , Count Anton Günther called in Danish auxiliary troops, but although the country was spared from pillage and pillage, it did not gradually improve until after the peace treaty in 1648. The Danish kings were counts of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst at the same time. When Count Anton Günther died in 1667, the counties passed to the King of Denmark and Duke of Holstein-Gottorp , who ruled the country until 1773. The 19th century must have been a happy time for the Frisian Wehde. The spinning and weaving mills were in full bloom. The newly established brick industry contributed to the economic upturn. Napoleon's military campaigns began difficult times for the country. Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig von Oldenburg - Oldenburg had meanwhile become a duchy - tried not to join the Rhine Confederation founded in 1806 . He did not succeed, and so the Duchy of Oldenburg came under French administration in 1810, under which both trade and the population suffered. The French only withdrew after Napoleon I was defeated in the Battle of Leipzig.
In the course of the 19th century there was a remarkable change in industry and commerce in Bockhorn. While cotton and linen weaving was still in full bloom in the 1850s, it continued to decline until it completely ceased at the end of the century. The brick industry, on the other hand, experienced a significant upswing. The demand for clinkers increased from year to year and the name Bockhorns became known through the clinker industry throughout Europe, for example through the Chilehaus in Hamburg built in the 1920s . In 1908 14 brick factories merged to form the United Oldenburg Clinker Works . The group has now become Bockhorner Klinker GmbH . Four of the founding members are still there, two of which are producing in the municipality of Bockhorn. The association operates the Bockhorn clinker center in Bockhorn , which centralizes the company's administrative and sales activities.
The Neuchâtel, Zetel, Bockhorn, Ellenserdammersiel railway, built between 1888 and 1893, made the Frisian Wehde a popular excursion destination until the railway lost its importance after World War II . Rail traffic was gradually discontinued: 1953 on the section between Bockhorn and Westerstede , 1954 on the circular section to Ellenserdamm; the last passenger train (special train "Musikexpress") ran in 1967 on the main line. In the early 1990s the line was finally closed and dismantled in 2002.
Until 1867 the Frisian Wehde consisted of the communities Bockhorn and Zetel. When the municipality of Neuchâtel was formed, Bockhorn had to cede the town of Astede and large forest areas. In 1933 the municipalities of Bockhorn, Zetel and Neuchâtel were combined to form the large municipality of Friesische Wehde . Bockhorn became the seat of the new community. In 1948, however, this large community was dissolved again and the three communities regained their independence.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 2004 | 9119 |
| 2005 | 8780 |
| 2007 | 8693 |
politics
Municipal council
The municipal council of the municipality of Bockhorn consists of 22 council members and councilors. This is the specified number for a municipality with a population between 8001 and 9000. The municipal council is elected by local elections for a period of five years. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021.
The full-time mayor Thorsten Krettek is also entitled to vote in the city council.
The last local election on September 11, 2016 resulted in the following:
| Political party | Proportional votes | Number of seats | Change voices | Change seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDU | 37.25% | 8th | +7.54 | +2 |
| SPD | 21.94% | 5 | −1.89% | 0 |
| UWG | 14.36% | 3 | −12.23% | −3 |
| FDP | 10.43% | 2 | + 2.62% | 0 |
| Alliance 90 / The Greens | 8.72% | 2 | +1.62% | 0 |
| Single nomination Scherer | 4.51% | 1 | + 4.51% | +1 |
| The left | 2.76% | 1 | + 0.75% | +1 |
mayor
The full-time mayor of the municipality of Bockhorn has been Thorsten Krettek since November 1, 2019. In the mayoral election on May 26, 2019, he prevailed with 54.3 percent against the non-party competitors Katja Lorenz (35.2%) and Maik Radig (10.3%). The new mayor was previously a police officer for over 34 years. He succeeds Andreas Meinen, who was elected full-time mayor in Bockhorn in 2011 and did not resume.
Representatives in the Land and Bundestag
In the elections to the Lower Saxony state parliament , Bockhorn belongs to the state electoral district 070 Friesland , which includes the entire district of Friesland. The direct mandate was won on October 15, 2017 by Olaf Lies from the SPD. On November 22, 2017, Lies was elected Minister for the Environment, Energy, Building and Climate Protection of Lower Saxony. The electoral term ends in 2022.
Bockhorn belongs to the parliamentary constituency Friesland - Wilhelmshaven - Wittmund . It includes the city of Wilhelmshaven and the districts of Friesland and Wittmund . The directly elected MP is Siemtje Möller (SPD). No party candidate from the constituency entered the Bundestag via the parties' list.
coat of arms
The talking coat of arms of the community shows a red stag on a yellow (golden) background and underneath a blue horn with yellow (golden) fittings. The colors of the municipality are yellow-red-blue.
Town twinning
A partnership with the Hungarian municipality of Vértessomló (Eng. Schemling) has existed since October 4th, 2002 .
Culture and sights
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Sights and buildings
St. Cosmas and Damian Church
Hemken's merchant house
The “Hemkensche Kaufmannshaus”, dating from the mid-18th century, is located on the Bockhorn market square. On the south side, the clinker brick building has a richly decorated entrance door from 1754, which is one of the most impressive works of the Baroque period in the Oldenburger Land . The stone frame surrounding the door shows the coat of arms of the Bockhorn merchant family Hemken, whose family members pursued all artistic activities in addition to commercial activity. After the Hemken family, it became the property of the Becker family in 1878; from 1919 it belonged to the Jürgens family. Today there is an OLB bank branch in the building . The interior of the old shop from the middle of the 18th century has been preserved and is now in the Oldenburg State Museum in Oldenburg.
Sculptures
The sculpture “Die Ziegeleiarbeiter” by the Münster artist Heinz-Jürgen Gerdes is also located on the Bockhorn market square . The sculpture was unveiled in July 1996 and is intended to commemorate the traditional clinker brick production in the Bockhorn community. The sculpture consists of two bronze figures sitting on a block of Bockhorn hand-molded bricks.
In the year of the Expo 2000, the so-called sculpture path “ Kunst am Deich” was created, which runs along the cycle path on the sea dike from Mariensiel to Dangast . The seven sculptures were created during a sculpture symposium and were created by seven different artists. The sculptures represent the seven days of the creation story . The sculpture "The animals in the water and in the air" is in Petersgroden. by Ivo Gohsmann ( Oldenburg ), in Petershörn the sculpture “The animals of the field. Der Mensch “by Norbert Pierdzig ( Edewecht ). The sculptures represent the fifth and sixth day of creation.
Nature reserves
The Neuchâtel wood lying on the Frisian Wehde between the villages of Neuchâtel , Zetel and Bockhorn has been designated as a nature reserve since 2019 . The nature reserve includes the FFH area of the same name . The Neuchâtel primeval forest , which has been under nature protection since 1938 on an area of 48.5 hectares, is part of the "Neuenburger Holz" nature reserve.
The forest area of the Neuchâtel Primeval Forest was reduced to around 24 hectares by felling firewood during the war and post-war years. In some areas, after this deforestation, non-site coniferous trees were planted, but the responsible forest administration has now replaced them with local stocks. Today, the forest consists largely of beech and oak. There are numerous hiking trails for recreational purposes.
The 321 hectare nature reserve Bockhorner Moor is still located in the municipality . It places a small part of the formerly huge raised bog under protection. Uncultivated parts of the moor have been renatured. In the peripheral areas, grassland that is used for agriculture is partially included in the nature reserve.
In the transition area from the Geest to the marshland between the Zeteler Tief and Woppenkamper Bäke , the Driefeler Wiesen are another nature reserve . The area is 66 hectares and has been a nature reserve since 2006.
Regular events
The big classic car and parts market in Bockhorn takes place every year around Whitsun (June), the highlight of the classic car fair is the Friesland rally with classic and young timers . The main attraction of the year, the Bockhorn Market , takes place on the second weekend in September .
Economy and Infrastructure
tourism
The municipality of Bockhorn, together with the neighboring municipality of Zetel, advertises with the term “Nature Experience Southern Friesland”. Together with the Jever Castle Museum , various leisure activities and events were bundled in the communities of Bockhorn and Zetel in 2009. Primarily several bicycle and hiking routes are advertised, with which the regionally closely spaced landscape types coast, geest, marshland, moor and jungle can be discovered.
traffic
The community is connected to the A 29 federal highway via the B 437 federal road and the L 816 state road. The A 29 leads from Wilhelmshaven via Oldenburg to the Ahlhorner Heide triangle on the A 1 . The B 437 runs from Friedeburg via Bockhorn, Varel on to the A 27 south of Bremerhaven .
Local public transport is served by the Weser-Ems Bus . You drive from Bockhorn to Varel (almost every hour), Wilhelmshaven and Westerstede . The municipality of Bockhorn is in the area of the Ems-Jade transport association .
media
The regional and local daily newspaper for the community is the Nordwest-Zeitung from Oldenburg with the local section and the independent editorial team Der Gemeinnützige . In addition to the print edition, there is an online edition.
The community of Bockhorn belongs to the circulation area of the advertising paper Friesländer Bote . It appears weekly with a total circulation of around 28,000 copies and is distributed free of charge to households in Varel and the neighboring communities of Bockhorn, Zetel and Jade. In addition to the print edition, there is an online edition.
education
The community has two primary schools, the Bockhorn primary school and the Grabstede primary school . The secondary school in Bockhorn is the Bockhorn Oberschule in Hilgenholter Straße. It is an open all-day school.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the church
- Diedrich Uhlhorn (1764–1837), inventor, manufacturer
- Peter von Weltzien (1815-1870), Oldenburg general
- Arnold Huchting (1824–1900), member of the Reichstag and Landtag, and community leader from 1856 to 1900
Personalities who have worked on site
The names of the following people are also associated with Bockhorn:
- Heiko Daxl (1957–2012), media artist and exhibition curator
- Johannes Bitter (* 1982), national handball player, world champion 2007, played 1989–1999 at HSG Neuenburg / Bockhorn
Web links
- Bockhorn website
- Information, pictures and videos from the Bockhorner Markt (Nordwest-Zeitung)
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ^ Bockhorn municipality. Retrieved December 22, 2019 .
- ↑ State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony - Table Z0010001 types of land use , accessed on November 15, 2011
- ↑ Werner Brune (Ed.): Wilhelmshavener Heimatlexikon , 3 Bde. Brune, Wilhelmshaven 1986–1987, Volume 1, page 106 f.
- ↑ EWE (Ed.): DreiStromLand Ems · Weser · Elbe . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-203-85999-8 , Volume 1, page 196
- ^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on November 9, 2016
- ^ Bockhorn municipality: overall results of the 2016 municipal council election , accessed on November 9, 2016
- ↑ https://www.nwzonline.de/friesland/bockhorn-buergermeisterwahl-in-bockhorn-cdu-kandidat-thorsten-krettek-setzt-sich-durch_a_50,4,3568082562.html
- ↑ Olaf Lies: About me , accessed on June 20, 2013
- ↑ Allocation of constituencies to the Federal Returning Officer
- ^ Nordwest-Zeitung: Bundestag election: These members represent our region . In: NWZonline . ( nwzonline.de [accessed September 29, 2017]).
- ↑ Main statutes of the Bockhorn community , accessed on August 16, 2012
- ↑ Hemken-Haus is being sold ( memento of September 9, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on March 7, 2019.
- ^ Sculpture brickworkers , accessed on August 16, 2012
- ^ Kunst am Deich , accessed on March 12, 2012
- ↑ Friesländer Bote Online: “Naturerlebnis Südliches Friesland” is taking shape , accessed on November 13, 2011
- ↑ Internet presence "Naturerlebnis Südliches Friesland" , accessed on November 13, 2011
- ^ NWZ-Online regional edition Bockhorn ( Memento from October 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 21, 2012
- ↑ Friesländer messenger Online , accessed 21 April 2012
- ↑ Haupt- und Realschule Bockhorn - internal school ( memento from December 18, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on August 18, 2012
Bockhorn | Jever | Sands | Schortens | Varel | Wangerland | Wangerooge | Zetel