Jever

This article covers the city. For the beer brand, see Jever (beer) . For the territory of the Holy Roman Empire, see Herrschaft Jever .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 53 ° 34 '  N , 7 ° 54'  E
Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
County :	Friesland
Height :	9 m above sea level NHN
Area :	42.12 km 2
Residents:	14,413 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	342 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	26441
Area code :	04461
License plate :	FRI
Community key :	03 4 55 007
City administration address :	Am Kirchplatz 11 26441 Jever
Website :	www.stadt-jever.de
Mayor :	Jan Edo Albers (independent)
Location of the city of Jever in the district of Friesland

Jever [ ˈjeːfɐ ] is the district town of the district of Friesland in Lower Saxony , Germany and a state-approved resort. The name of the city is internationally known thanks to the beer brand of the same name . Jever is also known unofficially as Marienstadt . This nickname refers to Fraulein Maria , the last mistress of Jever . During their reign, Jever received city ​​rights in 1536 . The residents of Jever are called Jeverans . The name is derived from the neo-Latin word ieverani . In earlier times the name Jeveringer was also common. The adjective belonging to the city name is jeversch .

geography

Geographical location and neighboring communities

Jever is located in Jeverland , the northeastern part of the East Frisian peninsula. The city is located near the North Sea coast of Lower Saxony , around 15 kilometers west of Wilhelmshaven and the Jade Bay . In the north, Jever borders the municipality of Wangerland , in the east and south on the town of Schortens and in the west on the town of Wittmund . In the southwest, Jever has a short border line to the East Frisian community Friedeburg .

City structure

Since the municipal reform in 1972, the city has consisted of the core city of Jever, into which the previously independent Jever suburb had been incorporated as early as 1844, and the districts of Moorwarfen , Rahrdum , Cleverns , Sandel and Sandelermöns .

geology

Geest landscape with hedgerows

The city lies on a far into the march extensive flat Geest tongue of the Oldenburg-ostfriesischen Geest back which rises 7 to 8 meters above the surrounding flat wangerländische marshes. The foothills were created by sand deposits during the ice ages . A typical landscape with geest culture, to which in particular wall hedges belong, can be seen in the Cleverns district. To the city limits to Schortens, Jever has moor areas that are under nature protection.

Waters

Jever is surrounded by some interconnected lows . These include the Moorlandstief in the east, the Mühlentief in the west and the Tettenser Tief and Hooksieler Tief in the north. The depressions are primarily used to drain the deeper areas behind the dike . All the lows of the Jeverland flow into the North Sea via the Hohenstiefer Sieltief in Horumersiel . In the city area there is also the Moorwarfener See , a former quarry pond, which was operated by the Angelverein-Jever e. V. is managed. The lake is located in the Jeveraner district of Moorwarfen and is around 17  hectares in size.

climate

Jever is in the temperate climate zone, mainly in the direct influence of the North Sea . In summer the daytime temperatures are lower, in winter often higher than in the further inland. The climate is generally characterized by the Central European west wind zone.

According to the effective climate classification of Köppen , Jever is in the classification Cfb . C stands for a warm and temperate climate, fb for a humid, temperate climate with warm summers .

The nearest weather station is in Hooksiel, 13 kilometers away .

history

Jever reign around 1500

French departments with the Ems-Oriental department around 1812

Painting by Miss Maria 1572

Jever around 1651, at the bottom right the "Schlachte", port of Jever

Star of David in the gable of a house

Memorial to the Murdered Jews

Archaeological finds suggest a very early settlement of the Jever town area. Several burial mounds near Nobiskrug near Sandelermöns, which were still available towards the end of the 19th century, as well as other tool finds (for example the flint dagger from Addernhausen and the flint sickle from Mennhausen ) prove that the Jeverland was settled in the younger Stone Age . A large number of traces of culture and settlement can also be identified for the later epochs. These include a bronze lance tip (location: Möns), a spout ax (location: Grappermöns) as well as numerous urn finds ( urn cemetery von Gottels , urn cemetery Jever ). They refer to the 6th century BC.

At the turn of the century - it is assumed - the Jeverland was the settlement area of ​​the Chauken . Around 826 Jever came under the rule of the Danish Prince Hariold . He had baptized can and was in favor of Louis the Pious with the county Rüstringen to the time belonged also Jever, belehnt Service. The legendary Kudrunlied from the 13th century reported on the Danish rule in Friesland and by the Danish singer Horand , the gen "Givers" riding on the sand. The name of the city was also mentioned in 1158 as "Geverae", the Latinized form of the Low German Geveren or Gaveren ("Weideland", in the figurative sense also " Thingstätte ").

Coins minted in Jever, which were found on the Gulf of Finland and in the Wartheland , give an idea of ​​the importance of Jever as a trading place. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Jever was a seaport and had sea access to Harle Bay and Jade . However, the Seezugänge over time silted, and later attended embankments that the city is now far inland. Nevertheless, Jever retained its importance as a trading place and the end point of an important military route . Smaller ships could still call at the port on the Schlachte via the Hooksieler Tief. Hooksiel was established in 1546 as the outer port of Jever. With the expansion of paved roads from Jever to Hooksiel, ship transport and thus the port became less important. Today only a play ship with a children's playground, which is modeled on a harbor basin and the place name Schlachte, reminds of the former harbor.

Dukes from Saxony and then the Guelphs were other lords of Jeverland. By the end of the 12th century at the latest, Jever came under the rule of Oldenburg . A letter that the Östringer 1271 to 1285 to King Philip III. from France , suggests a “ democratization ” of the Östringerland. It says that the Östringians are not subject to any prince, but rather choose their judges and chiefs themselves ( Frisian freedom ).

In 1347 the residents of Jever were already designated as city ​​citizens . Close trade relations with the Vitalienbrothers are attested to around 1400 . The best- known representatives of this pirate cooperative , who also called themselves the " Likedeelers " , were Klaus Störtebeker and Goedeke Michels .

The last chief of Jeverland was Edo Wiemken the Younger , who completed the construction of the castle in 1505 and whose tomb is in the town church. For an interim period, Jever came under the rule of the East Frisian Count Edzard the Great . Fräulein Maria , Edo Wiemken's heir, temporarily restored Jever's independence from 1532. Under her reign, Jever was officially granted city rights in 1536 (codified in 1572) and is still known today as "Marienstadt". On February 20, 2016, the Women's Council of Lower Saxony opened the FrauenORT Maria von Jever in Jever .

After Maria, Jever and the Jeverland, the Jever rule , fell to Oldenburg in 1575 . In 1667 Jever came to the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst . As in Anhalt-Zerbst was the male succession was in 1797, after the death of the last male heir in Zerbst royal family in 1793, this principality between the other Anhalt principalities divided . However, due to its special status as a kunkellee , the Jeverland was passed on to the next successor, the Russian Tsarina Catherine II , a sister of the last Prince of Zerbst. Thus, Jever was "ruled over Russia" until it was occupied by French troops in 1807. In 1807 it was annexed to the Kingdom of Holland as Département Ems-Oriental, along with East Frisia , in 1810 it came directly to the French Empire together with Holland and was then under Napoleonic rule until 1813 . After the fall of Napoleon, Jever returned to the possession of the Russian crown, which ceded it to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg in 1818 .

In 1844 Jever received a new town charter, on May 1, 1856 the town charter 1st class (similar to today's "independent town").

In 1871 Jever was connected to the railway network from Sande . Just two years later, the line was expanded towards Wittmund. From 1881 there was a continuous railway connection via Wittmund, Esens and Dornum to the north and from 1888 a railway connection to Carolinensiel . The Jever station building has a representative character to this day and had a waiting room exclusively for the Oldenburg Grand Duke.

Road construction was also promoted in the 19th century. In 1836 the first paved country road was laid out between Sande and Jever and subsequently extended to the Oldenburg state border in the direction of Wittmund. At the beginning of the 50s of the 19th century, the Grand Duke had a so-called Staatschaussee built, which linked Jever with Oldorf and Hohenkirchen . A little later, a cobblestone road followed to Waddewarden and from there via Federwarden and Heppens to the newly emerging Wilhelmshaven .

After the First World War , the city's previously liberal political climate changed. Responsible for this was among others the high school teacher Oskar Hempel, who represented völkisch extremism and with his anti-Semitic views gained a strong influence on the Jever upper class. In 1920 a local group of the racist and anti-Semitic Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund was founded , which was banned for the Free State of Oldenburg on July 6th . Its 34 members consisted almost exclusively of well-known Jever citizens, including civil servants, teachers of the Mariengymnasium and the director of the municipal lyceum. The formerly liberal daily Jeversche Wochenblatt , under its editor-in-chief Friedrich Lange, also served the German- Völkisch movement, which took part in the Reichstag elections in 1924 as a Völkisch-social bloc . While the Völkisch-Sozialblock received only 6.6% of the votes in the Reich , 22.6% of the voters in Jeverland gave their vote to this National Socialist rallying movement. In the 1928 Reichstag elections , the NSDAP received only 10.9% of the Jeverland voters, but in 1930 it was 44.8%. The Jever local elections of 1930 brought the NSDAP a third of the city council seats and the office of chairman. The traditional parties of traders and farmers became meaningless. Only the Social Democrats and the Communists were able to maintain their share of around 25% of the votes cast in these elections. In the elections to the Oldenburg state parliament in 1931, the NSDAP reached over 55 percent, in the new elections in 1931 almost 64 percent in total. In the city of Jever, 57.2% of the voters gave the National Socialists their vote in 1931. On May 12, 1931, Adolf Hitler paid a visit to the city of Jever and spoke to around 4,000 people in the Agricultural Hall. Photos of the speech were used in the 1932 propaganda book Hitler as nobody knows him . More than a year after Hitler, Joseph Goebbels visited Marienstadt and gave a propaganda lecture in the packed hall of the Schützenhof. The Reichstag elections in March 1933 produced 60.1 % of the votes for the NSDAP and 12.6% for the German National People's Party . Almost 73 percent of the voters in Jever supported National Socialism . The average for the empire was just under 52 percent.

Shortly before the end of the Second World War , the NSDAP district leadership wanted to defend Jever against the advancing Allied forces despite the hopeless military situation . On May 3, 1945, around 2000 Jeverans gathered in front of the castle and protested against the senseless defense of the city. Courageous citizens among them hoisted the white flag on the castle tower, disarmed the NSDAP district leadership and thus achieved the task of further senseless defensive measures. A bronze plaque on the castle wall, inaugurated in 1995 on the 50th anniversary, commemorates the event.

As part of the Oldenburg administrative reform of 1933, which was official Jever with the largest part of the Office Varel for Office Friesland combined. On January 1, 1939, the area was given its current name "Landkreis Friesland", still in the state of Oldenburg, which only became part of the newly founded state of Lower Saxony in 1946.

On August 1, 1977, another district reform came into force, through which the district of Friesland was dissolved in its previous form. The communities of Bockhorn and Zetel as well as the city of Varel were incorporated into the Ammerland district. The city of Jever and the communities of Sande, Schortens, Wangerland and Wangerooge were combined with the East Frisian district of Wittmund to form the new greater district of Friesland. Jever lost its seat, the new seat of the greater Friesland district was instead Wittmund .

Due to various constitutional complaints before the Lower Saxony State Court in Bückeburg , the district reform was partially declared unconstitutional and a revision of the law for the Ammerland / Friesland area was suggested to the Lower Saxony state parliament . On January 1, 1980, the reorganization of the Friesland / Wittmund area was withdrawn and the Ammerland, Friesland and Wittmund districts were restored to their previous form. The town of Jever has been the county seat again since then.

In 2008, a group of private investors began planning the construction of a new old town quarter in Jever. The inner city area between Große and Kleine Wasserpfortstraße and St. Annenstraße and Steinstraße was included. After the existing buildings were demolished in 2010, two residential and commercial blocks with a supermarket and a senior center were built. In addition to the revitalization of the old town, the most important component of the project should be the creation of sufficient parking space for this area. This is to be achieved through a new underground car park below the old town quarter . The construction project, which was named St.-Annen-Quartier in early 2011 , was inaugurated on September 14, 2013.

In 2011, Jever celebrated the anniversary "475 years - City of Jever" with various events and thus the award of city rights from 1536.

Incorporations

On July 1, 1972, the neighboring community of Cleverns-Sandel was incorporated.

Population development

Population development in Jever from 1785 to 2017 according to the table below

The population development of Jever, from 1939 to January 1st, increased significantly after the Second World War due to the influx of displaced persons . Another leap took place in 1972 after the former municipality of Cleverns-Sandel was incorporated into the city of Jever.

In 2015, the proportion of foreigners was 3.92 percent. They come from 64 nations, most of them from the former Yugoslavia , followed by Italians and former citizens of the Soviet Union.

year Residents circa 1785 approx. 2,785 1825 3,363 1833 3,517 1875 4,054 1925 6,042 1939 7,032

year Residents 1945 7,661 1950 10,972 1955 10,364 1960 9,938 1965 10,028 1970 10,435

year Residents 1975 12,153 1980 12,628 1985 12,820 1990 12,848 1995 13,500 2000 13,782

year Residents 2005 14,191 2010 14,189 2015 14,020 2017 14,207

politics

Town hall of the city of Jever

City council

The city council of the city of Jever consists of 30 council members. This is the specified number for a city with a population between 12,001 and 15,000. The 30 council members are elected for five years each by local elections. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021.

The full-time mayor Jan Edo Albers (independent) is also entitled to vote in the city council.

The last local election on September 11, 2016 resulted in the following result (with the change compared to the local election on September 11, 2011):

Party / list	Share of votes	change	Seats	change
CDU	30.14%	+ 4.42% p	9	+ 1
SPD	28.88%	+ 1.01% p	9	+ 1
SWG *	20.35%	- 0.83% p	6th	± 0
Green	11.91%	- 2.49% p	3	- 1
FDP	08.69%	+ 2.38% p	3	+ 1

^* Social voter group Jever and Friesland

The turnout in the 2016 local elections was 56.19%, slightly above the Lower Saxony average of 55.5%. For comparison - in the previous local election on September 11, 2011, the turnout was 53.43%.

Mayors and city directors

The city administration of Jever has been led by Mayor Jan Edo Albers ( independent ) since November 12, 2013 . In the mayoral election on October 6, 2013, the lawyer and former lawyer was elected full-time mayor. He just won the runoff election with 51.11% against the non-party candidate Dietmar Rustmann with 48.88%. The turnout was 56.02%, after having been 74.75% in the first ballot.

Mayor until 1945

• 1919–1935: Georg Müller
• 1935–1945: Martin Folkerts

Honorary mayor after the Second World War

Surname	Term of office	Remarks
Christel Matthias Schröder	May 8, 1945 to July 31, 1945	Schröder was a Protestant pastor; his installation in the mayor's office was carried out by the British occupying forces.
Erich fight	July 31, 1945 to December 19, 1945	was appointed city director in Jever with the beginning of the two-track administrative system
Hermann Klüsener	December 19, 1945 to September 23, 1946
Alfred Onnen	September 23, 1946 to September 1, 1949	was in the federal election on August 14, 1949 in the German Bundestag elected
Hans Busch	September 1, 1949 to June 12, 1952
Johann Albers	June 12, 1952 to April 13, 1961	FDP politician in numerous functions (including district administrator of the district of Friesland, member of the Lower Saxony state parliament, minister)
Ommo ommen	April 13, 1961 to November 15, 1972
Horst Dutge	November 16, 1972 to February 5, 1975
Paul Muller	February 6, 1975 to November 3, 1976
Paul Sillus	November 4, 1976 to July 26, 1985
Heinz Behrends	September 5, 1985 to November 1, 1986
Siegfried Harms	November 2, 1986 to November 13, 1996
Margot Lorentzen	November 14, 1996 to November 7, 2001	first female mayor in the history of Jever
Siegfried Harms	November 8, 2001 to November 11, 2005	last mayor of the two-track administrative system

City directors after the introduction of the two-track management system

Surname	Term of office	Remarks
Erich fight	December 19, 1945 to June 15, 1950
Peter Oltmanns	June 16–31. October 1957
Hans Neef	November 1, 1957 to October 31, 1963
Fritz Hörnig	November 1, 1963 to June 30, 1971
Wilhelm Hermann Greve	August 1, 1971 to February 17, 1978
Christian Kuhle	February 18–30. June 1981	Interim City Director
Ingo Hashagen	July 1, 1981 to November 11, 2005	last city director of the two-track administration

Full-time mayor

Surname	Term of office	Remarks
Angela Dankwardt	November 12, 2005 to November 11, 2013
Jan Edo Albers	November 12, 2013	Term officially ends on November 11, 2021

Representatives in the Land and Bundestag

In the elections to the Lower Saxony state parliament , Jever belongs to the state electoral district 070 Friesland , which includes the entire district of Friesland. The direct mandate was won on October 15, 2017 by Olaf Lies from the SPD. On November 22, 2017, Lies was elected Minister for the Environment, Energy, Building and Climate Protection of Lower Saxony. The electoral term ends in 2022.

Jever belongs to the parliamentary constituency Friesland - Wilhelmshaven - Wittmund . It includes the city of Wilhelmshaven and the districts of Friesland and Wittmund . The directly elected MP is Siemtje Möller (SPD). No party candidate from the constituency entered the Bundestag via the parties' list.

Coat of arms, flag and banner

Coat of arms of the city of Jever on the town hall stairs

Banner, coat of arms and flag

The representations of the city's coat of arms have changed several times over the past centuries. The coats of arms were repeatedly used in very different variants and colors. For this reason, at the end of the 1960s, the city commissioned the former head of the Oldenburg State Archives and recognized heraldry specialist Hermann Lübbing to design a contemporary representation of the coat of arms on the basis of historical traditions.

As a result, today's coat of arms of the city emerged with the following blazon : “In blue above a silver, sloping wall with an open stepped gable door, three silver, red-roofed towers, of which the middle one is higher and wider than the side towers. The golden letters DVMG are harmoniously distributed over the spiers. A golden lion , whose claws and tongue are tinged red, is walking upright in the archway . A red plank fence on both sides of the gate. "

The city gate with the three towers stands for the original existing city ​​fortifications of Jever. The lion is the symbol of rulership of the late medieval rule or the chiefs of Jever. The Latin letters DVMG are reminiscent of the city charter of 1536 by Miss Maria von Jever and mean "Donat Urbi Maria Gubernacula - Maria gives the city government power".

Description of flag and banner: "The flag or the banner are blue and white stripes across or lengthways with the coat of arms in the middle."

Town twinning

Jever maintains city ​​partnerships with the following cities:

•  Zerbst / Anhalt ( Germany , Saxony-Anhalt ), since 1990
•  Cullera ( Spain ), since 1998

Attractions

The sights of Jever (lithograph by Klusmeier around 1865)

Bernese organ in the city church

Edo Wiemken monument in the town church of Jever

The prayer house as a backyard development ; in the foreground two small houses (around 1920)

Jever offers a multitude of historical, cultural, technical and also botanical monuments that refer to the different epochs of the more than 1000-year history of the Jever settlement area. The tourist offer includes guided city and church tours. There are also several museums that focus on a specific topic or offer changing special exhibitions in addition to a main topic.

Sacred buildings

Old town church

The Evangelical Lutheran town church stands on the church square in Jever, on the bottom of its predecessor churches. A church burned down in 1728, the new building, consecrated in 1736, burned down on October 1, 1959. This fire also destroyed the three-manual organ built by Johann Adam Berner between 1750 and 1756. It was donated by the Amsterdam businessman Diedrich Garlichs , who was born in Neuende .

New town church

In 1964 today's church was built, a modern, heavily staggered central building, connected to the preserved apse of the destroyed church. Viewed from a distance, the building gives the impression of a “city crown”. One of his intentions - according to Dieter Oesterlen (1911–1994), architect of the city church - was "the clear separation of monument and new building". “Both structures have their own architectural effect”. The sandstone framing of the entrance portal and the baptismal font come from the previous church. The organ of the city church is the work of the Wilhelmshaven organ builder Alfred Führer . The arrangement of the instrument was designed by the Jever cantor Günter Maurischat . It has 47  registers and a mechanical action . The organ's prospectus was made according to a design by Dieter Oesterlen. When fully seated, the church interior offers space for around 800 worshipers. In the already mentioned historical apse is the listed Edo Wiemken monument , which commemorates the last male East Frisian chief of the Jeverland and has already survived two conflagrations in the course of history. It was commissioned by Fräulein Maria , Edo Wiemken's daughter , and created between 1561 and 1564 by students of the Antwerp sculptor Cornelis Floris . It is considered a major example of Dutch Renaissance art .

St. Anne's Chapel

The St. Anne's Chapel is the oldest preserved church in the city of Jever. It was built in 1610 and already 50 years later "completely renewed and improved by Harmen Warner and Jakob Hanke, currently church jury members in Jever". One of these improvements is the polygonal choir closure, which the chapel only received in 1660 according to archaeological research. The interior of the church is a light-flooded apse building. Its length is 16 and its width seven meters. When the St. Anne's Chapel was built, younger bricks were also used in the so-called monastery format. They probably come from the demolition of the Oestringfelde monastery . Also noteworthy is the altar , the top of which was painted in a rural style in 1703. On the left wing there is Moses in front of the raised serpent and on the right wing Jesus Christ crucified . Under the representations on the altar wings is the inscription: And as Moses lifted up a serpent in the desert, So the Son of Man must be lifted up. ( Gospel according to John , chapter 3, verse 14). The middle part of the altarpiece is composed of four carved and colored panels with scenes from the legendary life of St. George . In earlier times the chapel served as a suburban church and today almost exclusively as a cemetery chapel. The cemetery surrounding it was mentioned as Capellen-Kirchacker as early as 1665 , but was currently only reserved for people from the suburbs and members of the garrison as a burial site. After the cemetery surrounding the city church was closed in 1803, the Capellen-Kirchacker became the cemetery of the city of Jever, which has been expanded several times to this day.

Baptist prayer house

The Baptist prayer house in Jever was built in 1858 and is one of the oldest Baptist church buildings in Germany and the second oldest in Jever. The house of prayer is still used today for worship purposes. It is located outside the historic city center of Jever on the Elisabethufer in the so-called St. Annen-Vorstadt. Up until the 1950s, there were two small houses on today's parking lot in front of the prayer house. They had to be erected in front of the church, as free church houses of worship were only permitted as backyard buildings in the 19th century .

St. Mary's Church

The Roman Catholic St. Mary's Church is built in the style of Cubism . Its tower, in which there are four bells, measures 23 m. A small chapel, which was set up in the former sacristy , serves as a place of worship for the weekday masses.

Secular buildings

Castle to Jever

The Jever Castle originated from a fortification of the 14th century. The castle was the seat of the Jever rule . The focal point was a mighty keep , which from the 16th century was integrated into a four-winged palace complex surrounded by moats and ramparts. From 1560 to 1564, the then regent Maria von Jever had various renovations carried out in the style of the Renaissance . It is the most important secular building in the city. The castle museum has been located in the castle since 1921. It shows exhibits on the cultural history, folklore and archeology of Jeverland.

The town hall was built between 1609 and 1616 by master Albert von Bentheim. The original volute gable was replaced in 1836 by today's much simpler closure. In 1963 the town hall was almost completely demolished due to disrepair and replaced by a new building. Only the outer facade could be retained in the new building. The top of the gable also had to be removed and renewed in the course of these measures. Part of the facade is the city ​​coat of arms with the inscription Donat Urbi Maria Gubernacula - Maria gives the city government power . In front of the town hall is the Ratspütt, one of the oldest public fountains.

There are numerous well-preserved residential buildings in the old town. Despite some demolitions (especially on St. Annenstrasse and Lindenbaumstrasse) and renovation measures on the Hopfenzaun and Drostenstrasse, to which the Drostenhaus, among other things , fell victim in 1975 , the ancient character of the inner city with its often plastered brick buildings was largely preserved . The numerous high-quality sandstone portals from the 18th and 19th centuries are typical. A large number of historical houses can be found in the area of ​​the church square. Particularly noteworthy is the Gasthaus Schwarzer Bär , a two-storey brick building from 1562 , located at Kirchplatz 14. The house at Am Kirchplatz 1 is dated from 1661 and the house at Am Kirchplatz 9 with its bell gable , which is not far from the town hall, was built in 1715 Inserted in 1934, when the previously brick-facing facade was plastered. In the nearby Wangerstraße 8 there is a packing house built in 1650 with loading hatches in the middle. The Wangerstraße 14 building (today the headquarters of the Brune-Mettcker publishing house) was built in 1823 on a part of the filled-in city moat as a city scales and bar. The former Löwenapotheke in Apothekerstraße 1 is a particularly impressive building . The older house in its present form goes back to the pharmacist Johann Carl Christian Sprenger, who acquired the southern gabled house in 1798 and connected it to the neighboring house. Of the Drostenhaus already mentioned , only the portal dated 1756 remained, which was integrated into the new building at Hopfenstrasse 2 . Further portals are located at Kirchplatz 17 (mid-18th century) and at the houses at Schlossstrasse 4 (1754), Wangerstrasse 10 (1765) and Wangerstrasse 13 (1823). Some remarkable residential buildings have also been preserved outside the fortified city center. The so-called House of the Faithful is located at Schlachtstraße 1 and is equipped with a sandstone portal in rococo shapes . It was probably built in the first half of the 18th century and a window axis was added to the west before 1890. One of the most important buildings of classicism in Jever is Mühlenstrasse 1 , which is now the seat of the Oldenburgische Landesbank . It was built around 1850 by the merchant Diesendorf and has a three-axis central projection , which is structured by Corinthian pilasters .

Jever slaughter mill

The striking “Hof von Oldenburg” building at Alter Markt 14 is a historic restaurant that was built in 1798 as one of the first buildings outside the city's protective structures. A carillon inaugurated in April 1983 at the “Hof von Oldenburg” allows the most important rulers of Jeverland to pass in review several times a day. The following appear in the following order: Edo Wiemken the Younger, Maria von Jever, Count Anton Günther, Prince Johann August von Anhalt-Zerbst and Tsarina Katharina II of Russia; all equipped with various insignia of their rule over Jever. The 16 bells of the carillon play different folk tunes with the movement of figures . The carillon made by the Korfhage tower clock factory in Melle was donated by the later honorary citizen of the city Jacobus Eden.

The Jever blueprint has been located in an old storage building on Kattrepel Street since the 1980s . It is one of the few places in Germany where the traditional craft of the old East Frisian and North German blueprint is still practiced. Fabrics are hand- dyed with indigo blue and then washed off until the fabric shows white blue print patterns on a blue background. In the printing shop's workshop, visitors can find out more about the craft and watch the individual work steps.

In 1846 the slaughter mill , a two-story Dutch gallery , was built in downtown Jeveran. The mill is a station on the Frisian Mühlenstrasse

Frisian brewery

The Frisian Brewery in Jever has been brewing the beer of the same name, named after the town of Jever, since 1848. The brewery employs around 270 people with its modern production facility and fills around 60,000 bottles of Jever beer per hour. In the mirrored fermentation towers of the brewery on Elisabethufer there are five tanks of 240,000 liters each, in which the young beer is stored at −1 ° C for three to four weeks before bottling. The brewery offers tours of the production facility with an expert guide by appointment. The tour also includes a walk through the attached historical brewery museum. Here you get an insight into everyday brewery life as it was around 100 years ago. In 2007, more than 33,000 guests took the opportunity to visit.

Monuments

Miss Maria monument near the castle of Jever

Eilhard Mitscherlich monument

Probably the best-known monument in the city is the Fräulein-Maria-Monument on Schlossstrasse at the level of Fräulein-Maria-Strasse. The statue designed by the Berlin sculptor Harro Magnussen (1861–1908) shows the former regent Maria von Jever in courtly costume, facing the former residence of Schloss Jever . In her right hand she holds the certificate of city charter , the left hand is on the head of a greyhound sitting next to her . The 2.20 meter high and 550 kilogram heavy statue was cast in the Gladenbeck foundry in Friedrichshagen and inaugurated on September 5, 1900 for Maria's 400th birthday.

The memorial for the Jews of Jever who were murdered during the National Socialist era is located on Fräulein-Maria-Strasse . The memorial designed by the Oldenburg artist Udo Reimann was inaugurated in September 1996 and shows three stacks of books with large-format volumes. Each volume bears the name of the 67 Jewish citizens of the city who did not survive the Nazi era on the spine of the book.

The locksmith's monument erected in 1878 on Schlosserplatz in Jever is dedicated to one of the city's most famous sons. It honors the historian Friedrich Christoph Schlosser , who was popular in the 19th century and was born on November 17, 1776 as the twelfth child of a lawyer in the house at Annenstraße 27. Schlosser graduated from the provincial school, later the Mariengymnasium , and returned to this school in 1808 as vice-principal after various teaching activities . In 1817 he received the chair for history at the University of Heidelberg and in the following years published numerous works in the field of history, with which he shaped the history of the liberal bourgeoisie of the time. At the end of his teaching activity at Heidelberg University in 1852, Schlosser was highly regarded and was awarded honorary citizenship of the city of Heidelberg . He died in Heidelberg in 1861. Bench monument consists of a more than three meters high sandstone - obelisk , which is placed on a multi-stage pedestal with a cubic block at the top. On the front of the block is a bronze medallion with the head of Schlosser and the name and dates of the historian's life. Various ornaments are attached as decorations.

The memorial for Eilhard Mitscherlich is in the ramparts on St.-Annen-Straße and honors the scientist who was born in the Neuende who was then part of the Jever lordship . The memorial is a detailed replica of the Berlin original , which was created in 1894 for the scientist's 100th birthday by the sculptor Ferdinand Hartzer and has stood in front of the central projection of the east wing of the Humboldt University in Berlin since 1919 . The Jever monument was inaugurated on September 6, 2006 and is already the second monument of the natural scientist, as there was a monument with the same statue at this location from 1896 to 1954. This Mitscherlich monument, however, was not completely cast, but consisted of a plaster core on which only a metal coating was applied. Over time, moisture penetrated and destroyed the inner structure of the statue, so that the monument had to be removed in 1954 for safety reasons. From 1988 there were several attempts to rebuild the monument, but it was not until 2004 that a support association was founded, which was then able to finally raise the costs.

Other monuments are the memorials of the wars of 1870/1871, 1914–1918 and 1939–1945 in front of the castle and the Schillerlinde in the ramparts. A Bismarck oak , a gift from Prince Otto von Bismarck, has stood on the eastern edge of the church square since 1895. The ornamental grille at that time was removed after the Second World War. Today the Bismarck oak has a decorative grille in a simple form with a medallion of the Chancellor.

Fountain

Legend well

The legend fountain on the "Alter Markt" was designed and built in 1995 by Bonifatius Stirnberg from Aachen . The fountain shows figures from five regionally known legends . You can see Miss Maria von Jever , who according to legend did not die, but disappeared through an underground passage at Jever Castle and is expected to return at some point. Another group of figures shows Count Anton-Günter von Oldenburg with his gray apple "crane". The Count's favorite horse is said to have saved his life when, while the two of them were riding to the island of Wangerooge, thick fog came up and the Count lost his bearings. Despite the dangerously rising tide , the horse brought the count safely back to the mainland. The big, white Scheeper Hase allegedly pushed farmers who were not so sober into the ditch. The witch ship shows two witches from the neighboring Butjadinger Land who, according to legend, drove to mischief among the fishermen of the Jeverland with a milk sieve as a boat and cow ribs as an oar. The Gudrun legend from the 9th century tells of the Danish singer Horand , who rode on the sand towards "Givers". This is supposedly the first mention of Jever.

The Cossack Fountain, inaugurated on May 28, 2003, is another work by the sculptor Bonifatius Stirnberg in Jever after the legend fountain . The fountain on the corner of Grosse Burgstrasse and Albanistrasse shows three mounted Cossacks in uniform, equipped with long lances. It commemorates the liberation of Jeverland in 1813 with the help of Russian Cossack regiments. The Russian era began for Jever with the death of Friedrich August von Anhalt-Zerbst in 1793. Since Friedrich August had no male heirs, the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst and with it the Jeverland fell to his sister Sophie Auguste Friederike, who is now known as Catherine II . Empress of Russia was. During the Napoleonic Wars , Jeverland was occupied by Dutch and French troops from 1806 to 1813. In 1813 the Cossacks liberated Jeverland and took it back for the Russian tsar . The Russian episode ended in 1818 with the cession of Jeverland to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg .

Well house Kampütte

The spectacle fountain is the center of the "Klön-Hoff", a small historical square between Schlachtstrasse and Kattrepel. The fountain stands on a former Jeverschen Pütt that was exposed during construction work in 1986. The idea and realization of the square and a new fountain arose on the initiative of the adjacent eyewear shop. The inauguration took place five years later on May 30, 1991. For the inauguration, real Jever Pilsen beer splashed through the fountain instead of water .

Other artistically designed fountains are the Kiebitzbrunnen near the house of the Getreuen and the Hopfenbrunnen in the inner courtyard of the downtown building complex Am Hopfengarten .

Museums

The cultural and historical Jever Castle Museum presents information on the history of Jever Castle , where it has been located since 1921. There are also collections on the cultural and regional history of Jeverland .

The historical brewery museum attached to the Frisian Brewery in Jever shows how beer was brewed a hundred years ago. During a subsequent tour with an expert guide through today's modern production facility, it becomes clear how time-consuming and labor-intensive it was back then to make a few bottles of beer. The two-hour tours are only possible after prior registration.

The Bismarck Museum of the Faithful von Jever has been located on Wangerstrasse in Jever since December 2004. The private museum shows an exhibition with around 400 exhibits about the Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and Prussian history. The exhibits include items from Bismarck's personal possession as well as art objects, historical postcards and photographs as well as everyday objects with his likeness . The faithful of Jever lead with the museum a Jeversche tradition continued, began jever shear as Stammtisch citizens at the inn "House of the Faithful" and consisted Bismarck annually Birthday 101  lapwing eggs to send. The faithful are still active today and meet annually for Bismarck's birthday on April 1st in the “Haus der Getreuen” inn, which is opposite the Bismarck Museum.

Another museum in Jever is the Jever Fire Brigade Museum . It is located near the train station and uses the former rail freight building. In addition to exhibits from the history of the fire service in Jever, the focus of which is a classic fire service vehicle , it shows annually changing exhibitions on various fire fighting topics.

Green areas and parks

View of the Duhmsgraft

Pferdegraft at night (in the background the Jever brewery)

The cityscape of Jever is strongly characterized by five grafts that surround the historic city center. The originally ring-shaped graft was constructed in 1536 together with the construction of earth walls to secure the newly appointed city. This safety system could be passed through three wooden city gates with bridges in front of them. At the beginning of the 19th century, the earth walls were removed and instead of the gates with their bridges, the grafts located there were filled with earth for crossing. All that was left were the grafts, which were used as fortress trenches in front of the ramparts.

The five separate grafts that remain today are the Duhmsgraft and the horse graft on Elisabethufer, the two-part Blankgraft on Von-Thünen-Ufer, the Prinzengraft near the district office building and the Schlossgraft , which forms its own ring-shaped graft system around Jever Castle. From a bird's eye view, the grafts around the city and castle show an indicated "8". Today the Graften, with their well-tended green spaces and centuries-old trees, form a green ring around the historic old town and invite you to stroll and linger.

The layout of the current palace park dates back to 1838. The model was the so-called English landscape gardens , which developed in form and style in England in the 18th century. In addition to well-known European hardwood ( e.g. red beech , oak , linden ), the palace park also offers exotic trees. These include the North American tulip tree , the Southeast Asian Katsura and the from the southwestern China originating dawn redwood tree . The bird life that can be observed in the castle park is also noteworthy. An inventory of the Jever Castle Museum lists over 80 bird species.

Culture

Jever offers a wide range of cultural facilities and events. The sponsorship lies partly with the public sector , partly with associations and private initiatives. Below is a selection of the offers.

Theater and art

Theater am Dannhalm

Jever is the venue of the Landesbühne Niedersachsen Nord , which presents around ten productions in the city throughout the year. After the inadequate stage conditions no longer allowed the concert house to be used with larger stage sets from the 1970s, the Theater am Dannhalm with 352 seats was specially designed as a venue for the state stage.

The artist forum Jever e. V. is an association that has existed since 1989 to promote art and culture in the Friesland area. The listed building ensemble of a former locomotive shed and signal box at Moorweg 2 in Jever is available to the artists' forum, from which the association created an event location for cultural presentations of all kinds. The historical building ensemble offers space for the ZiL room theater in the engine shed and for the gallery in the engine shed . The building also houses a collection of tea strainers from different eras and countries. An old building material wagon of the German Federal Railroad serves as a stage in the engine shed . The in-house Jever ArtEnsemble has been performing plays and fairy tales at the ZiL since 2001 . With around 80 events and changing exhibitions by well-known artists, the artist forum is one of the focal points of Jever's cultural scene.

Sports

The MTV Jever from 1862 e. V. is the largest association in the city of Jever with over 2100 members in thirteen departments. The club, founded on June 20, 1862 by 53 people as a pure men's gymnastics club, was brought into being according to Jahn's principles . It was not until February 21, 1896 that a “women's department” was established with 34 women and girls. Today the association provides a comprehensive range of sports and leisure activities for all age and population groups. With well over 600 young members, the association has dedicated itself in particular to promoting youth sports. In addition, the club also pursues performance-oriented goals in some areas (e.g. table tennis and handball) . MTV Jever's own sponsoring association supports competitive sport in MTV Jever both ideally and economically.

In addition, the football club FSV Jever eV is based in Marienstadt. It was founded in 1946 as FC Jever-Heidmühle (until 1948) and since then has been the “Kiebitze” football club, as the members of the club call themselves. Since 2013, the club's support association has made it possible to create an artificial turf pitch on the club's premises in Jahnstrasse. As of 2020, 13 teams, 10 junior and 3 senior teams are listed.

Regular events

The cycle of traditional annual events is opened on the Monday after Epiphany (January 6th) with the so-called Püttbierfest . This festival, which is celebrated decentrally in the various fountain districts, goes back to a Jever fountain ordinance , which the Jever city authorities under Prince Friedrich August von Anhalt-Zerbst (1734-1793) issued on October 9, 1756. This ordinance stipulates that every public fountain in the city must be looked after by a defined community of residents, the so-called Püttacht . Although the original function of the Püttacht has been lost, at the Püttbierfest the new Püttmeister is elected according to old custom and the Püttbuch is updated.

On Palm Sunday weekend, the Jever spring festival, the Kiewittmarkt (lapwing market) takes place. In addition to stalls with seasonal offers, this three-day event also offers Sunday shopping and live music in public spaces. Which is organized Kiewittmarkt of Jever active , the Marketing Association jever shear businessmen as well as the Jever Marketing and Tourism GmbH .

The old town festival , which has taken place on a weekend in the first half of August since 1974, presents the city's rich club life in addition to many stalls, promotions and live music. The location of the event, which also attracts many foreign guests and former Jeverans, is the pedestrian zones, the historic church square and the old market.

The roaring market , which reminds of the special importance that Jever once had for the regional cattle trade, takes place in October. A Christmas market, which opens its doors in the week before the first Advent , closes the round of major annual festivities in Jever.

Religions

Tower of the Protestant town church in Jever

The Christianity reached the Jeverland by Anglo-Saxon monks at the beginning of the 9th century, but was by the invasion of the Vikings pushed back. It can be considered certain that there was a church building in Jever as early as the first half of the 10th century. As part of the medieval Christianization program , which was developed in the time of Charlemagne and expanded into the 11th century, the church in Jever was the so-called Gau or Send church for the Östringer Land . Between 1000 and 1020 a three-aisled basilica was built on a field stone foundation on a field stone foundation , which was struck by a devastating fire twice in the short history of its existence (1058/1059 and around 1100 or later). Between 1150 and 1200 a hall church with an apse was built on the foundations of the basilica . Building materials were local granite (boulders) and Rhenish tuff . In the last quarter of the 14th century (during the town fire in 1382?) This church building was also destroyed. A successor building made of bricks with the same floor plan was built around 1430. In the course of the following centuries it survived two more fires (1532 and 1728), each of which was followed by a reconstruction in the same or a similar form. During the last fire in 1959, only the apse with the valuable Edo Wiemken tomb remained. The remains of the old church were removed and a “modern central building” with several gables was built in its place in 1964 and connected to the preserved late Gothic choir.

Evangelical Lutheran parish

St. Jakobus Church in Jever-Sandel

Since the Reformation, which began in Jeverland during the reign of Miss Maria, the vast majority of the Jever population has belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg . The lordly rentmaster Remmer van Seediek is considered to be largely responsible for the introduction of the Reformation in Jeverland . Today's Lutheran parish of Jever is divided into three parishes, with the Wangerland parish of Wiefels also belonging to the third parish . Services take place in the already mentioned town church and in the granite square church in Wiefels , which dates from the 15th century . The historically significant St. Anne's Chapel dates from 1610 and is the oldest church in Jever today. Today the chapel serves mainly as a cemetery church. In addition to the churches, the Lutheran parish has three community centers. In the parish hall on the south side of the church square there is the church office next to group and meeting rooms. In the former rectory in Wiefels, youth groups and senior citizens meet. In the Zerbster Straße parish hall, there are additional group rooms available for parish work.

The Evangelical Lutheran congregation Cleverns-Sandel is another church congregation in the Jever town area. The fortress church Zum Heilig Kreuz and St. Peter in Cleverns , built at the beginning of the 14th century, as well as the St. James Church in Sandel, whose origins are said to date back to 938, serve as places of worship . In addition to the two churches, there is also a community center and a community office.

The Evangelical Lutheran parishes in Jever also have their own Diakonisches Werk, which as a registered association is among other things the sponsor of three kindergartens . Another facility of the Lutherans is the one-world shop with products from fair trade . It is located on the first floor of the bell tower.

Roman Catholic parish

Former Catholic Church (built 1824, demolished 1899)

Roman Catholic services took place irregularly in Jever even after the introduction of the Reformation. Regular Catholic parish life only developed with the Franciscan Father Meinardus Molan, who came to Jever in 1779. The services initially took place in the gatehouse of the Jever castle . The first church of its own - a simple chapel without a tower - was inaugurated in 1824 on the Alter Markt. It had to give way to a new thoroughfare to Wittmund. The successor building was the church built in the neo-Gothic style from 1899 to 1901 with 100 seats at the Prinzengraft. By an episcopal decree of December 18, 1930, the Catholic community Jever received the status of a parish. With the influx of refugees from the formerly German eastern areas, the parish grew to over 1000 members. The church, which was only 65 years old, was demolished. Today's St. Mary's Church was built on the same property in 1966. Next to the church is the Karlshof community center , which has a larger hall and several group rooms.

On June 3, 2007, the previously independent parishes of Jever, Schortens and Wangerland were amalgamated to form the parish of St. Benedict while retaining their places of worship. The center of the new parish is the St. Marien Church in Jever.

Free Churches

Baptist prayer house

Community center of the Evangelical Free Congregation Jever

The oldest free church in Jever is the Baptist congregation . Its beginnings go back to 1837. The congregation was constituted in 1840 and, after massive persecution in the early days, was able to inaugurate its prayer house on Elisabethufer in October 1858 . It is the fourth oldest Baptist congregation in Germany and until recently was the starting point for church planting in Friesland , Ammerland and East Friesland . Since a merger with denominational free churches that took place in 1942, it has also been called the Evangelical Free Church Congregation with the addition of Baptists in brackets . In addition to the church service room, there are several group rooms in her prayer house, including the prayer house café . A Bible garden was created in the rear area of ​​the property .

Another free church in Jever is the Evangelical Free Congregation . Its beginnings go back to a Christian house group in Roffhausen , which joined the Evangelical Society for Germany (EGfD) in the early 1960s . In 1965 the EGfD sent a preacher to Jeverland, who initially had his official seat in Wilhelmshaven, but in 1968 he moved to Jever. Here, at Wangerländische Strasse 5, a residential building was acquired, which in 1977 received an annex for worship purposes. In 1999 the residential building was converted into a community center. The community on Wangerländische Strasse was known as the city ​​mission for 30 years . In 2004 it took the name Evangelical Free Congregation .

New Apostolic Church Community

New Apostolic Church Jever

The beginnings of the New Apostolic Church in Jever go back to 1928. It was officially founded in 1946. The first community center, a converted cartwright shop, was located on the Schlachte. Today's New Apostolic Church on Sophienstrasse was consecrated in September 1967. At the end of February 2018, the members of the dissolved New Apostolic congregation Wittmund were transferred to Jever.

Interdenominational cooperation

Lutherans, Catholics and Baptists have been working closely together on various levels for several decades. For example, since the time of the First Gulf War, there has been a weekly prayer for peace for over 30 years . The venues were the churches of the participating churches, alternating monthly. Other joint events include the Ecumenical Bible Week and the Living Advent Calendar .

The Evangelical Free Congregation and the Baptist Congregation are connected to one another through the Evangelical Alliance and in this context they hold joint church services and prayer evenings.

Judaism

The first traces of Jewish life in Jever are attested to the end of the 15th century. A Jewish cemetery at the gates of the city of Jever is already mentioned in a directory from 1587 . A permanent settlement of Jews in Jever did not begin until the last decade of the 17th century, however, against the resistance of the class representatives and the Lutheran parish.

Jewish community

→ Main article : Jever Jewish community

Jeversche Synagogue around 1900

Synagogue built in 1880 and destroyed in the November pogrom night in 1938

The Jewish community was not allowed to set up its own prayer room until 1779. It was not until the reign of Prince Friedrich August von Anhalt-Zerbst that there was a change in official Jewish policy. A former barn was converted into the first Jever synagogue. The Jewish community was officially constituted in 1780 and adopted its own officially confirmed synagogue regulations. Despite official recognition, there were riots against Jewish community members and their property in 1782. In 1802 a new synagogue was built on Wasserpfortstrasse . Almost 80 years later, in view of the growing number of parishioners, it turned out to be too small, so that it had to make way for a new building that was inaugurated in 1880. The 35 meter high building, crowned by a Moorish dome , was inaugurated with great sympathy from the Jever population . It held about 300 worshipers. A classroom was attached to the synagogue. In 1910, a neighboring building was purchased and converted for community use. In addition to synagogue life, there was a lively Jewish community in Jever.

The first anti-Jewish actions in recent times took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During the Nazi era, the synagogue windows were broken down before 1938. The buildings were smeared with swastikas and other destructive measures made them temporarily unusable for worship. During the November pogrom of 1938 , the so-called Reichskristallnacht , the synagogue was completely destroyed by arson. In 1939 a building contractor bought the former synagogue, but left the square with the ruins unchanged for the time being. The city of Jever then erected a wooden fence with a "neutral paint" so as not to hurt the residents and visitors of Jever in their "aesthetic sense". The synagogue ruins were demolished in 1939.

A commercial building was built on the property after 1950. Today a memorial plaque attached to the house at Grosse Wasserpfortstrasse No. 19 in 1978 commemorates the destroyed synagogue. On the ground floor of the building located since 2014 Center for Jewish History and Contemporary History of Friesland / Wilhelmshaven , the GröschlerHaus , named after the last two heads of the Jewish community Jever, the brothers Hermann (* 1880 in Jever, † 1944 in the concentration camp Bergen Belsen ) and Julius Gröschler (* 1884 in Jever; † 1944 in Auschwitz concentration camp ).

A memorial in Marienstraße and another in the Jewish cemetery in Hohewarf on the street between Jever and Cleverns commemorates the numerous Jews murdered in various concentration camps. Only a few Jews returned to Jever after the Nazi era. Among them was Fritz Levy , whose extraordinary biography is documented in a film and in several books.

Jewish Cemetery

Jever Jewish cemetery

A Jewish cemetery in front of the city of Jever is mentioned as early as 1587, but its location is unclear. In 1779 the Jewish cemetery in the Hohewarf district (on the road between Jever and Cleverns) was created and expanded in 1841. It is sometimes referred to as the Jewish cemetery in Schenum , the neighboring district of Hohewarf to the west. The oldest surviving tombstone dates from 1796. During the Nazi era , almost all tombstones in the cemetery were knocked over and many grave enclosures were damaged. A plan drawn up in 1944 to use the site for the storage of road and building materials was no longer implemented. After 1945 the Jewish cemetery was restored. Commemorative plaques and memorials commemorate those who fell in World War I , those murdered by the Nazi regime and the synagogue that was destroyed in 1938. 221 tombstones have been preserved, the last burial to date took place in 1983.

Economy and Transport

economy

Jever is home to around 500 companies from the areas of trade, craft and trade. In addition to tourism , they form the backbone of the local economy. The range of companies extends from family businesses to medium-sized craft businesses to the Frisian brewery in Jever as a global provider. The Frisian Brewery is also Jever's major company with around 270 jobs. Europe's largest manufacturer of natural paints and binders “bio pin” is another company of international importance. The company is based in the “Am Bullhamm” industrial park in Jever.

In the city of Jever, wind power, biogas and photovoltaic systems produce electricity. In 2016, the total demand of the urban area was exceeded by more than 50 percent.

job

Jever is one of the most important workplaces in the Friesland district. Every day over 2000 employees commute from outside to their workplaces in Jever. Therefore, despite its proximity to the regional center of Wilhelmshaven , Jever has an almost balanced commuter balance. The unemployment rate for the urban area was 5.4 percent in December 2015.

tourism

Jever is a state-approved resort and, as a destination, benefits greatly from tourism in the nearby Frisian and East Frisian coastal baths and the East Frisian Islands . Jever has therefore increasingly specialized in tourism in recent years and is attracting more and more day visitors to the city. The tourist information office is located in the Graftenhaus on the Alter Markt .

In addition to numerous hotel and pension offers, holiday apartments are also available in Jever. Motorhome owners will find a parking space near the Jever open-air swimming pool. In 2010, the number of overnight stays rose by 2.55% (from 111,300 to 114,115). A campsite operated jointly with the neighboring town of Schortens is located at the Heidmühle natural swimming pool , which is located on the old main road between Schortens and Jever.

media

The daily newspaper Jeversches Wochenblatt , one of the oldest still existing daily newspapers in Germany, appears in the Brune-Mettcker Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft . The Nordwest-Zeitung has a local editorial office in Jever, which is responsible for the articles in the Friesland edition of the Nordwest-Zeitung Jeverland-Bote . The Wilhelmshavener Zeitung also has a local section of Friesland , in which there are regular reports about the city of Jever. The radio station Radio Jade operated an outdoor studio in Grosse Wasserpfortstrasse until 2017, from which, among other things, the "Friesland-Magazin" was regularly broadcast.

traffic

Northwest Railway

Jever is on the federal highway 210 from Wilhelmshaven via Aurich to Emden . Jever is connected to the Autobahn 29 from Wilhelmshaven to the Ahlhorner Heide triangle . The federal road that originally ran directly through the town of Jever has been routed around Jever via a bypass since June 2000 . The reason for the construction of the bypass was the high volume of traffic resulting from the holiday and excursion traffic to the coastal and seaside resorts as well as to the East Frisian islands . The national road 813 , which crosses the district Cleverns south Jever connects with the L 811 (Witt mouth - Friedeburg) and via this with the L 812 in the direction Wiesmoor . To the north towards the coast, the L 808 (via Wiefels ) leads to Carolinensiel / Harlesiel .

Jever station is on the Wilhelmshaven / Oldenburg – Esens railway line . It is served by the NordWestBahn every hour, the RB59 (Wilhelmshaven - Sande - Jever - Wittmund - Esens) runs here. The Jever – Harle railway line, which existed until 1988, was replaced by a bus service.

The Weser-Ems-Bus lines connect Jever with Wilhelmshaven and Aurich .

Public facilities

Mariengymnasium

General

• Seat of the district administration of the district of Friesland. In addition to the city administration and the district administration, the city is home to a number of other authorities and other corporations under public law . B. Jever District Court , Land Registry Jever, Police Commissioner Jever, District Craftsmen Jade , Employment Agency Jever as well as the office of the Administrative Association of Water and Soil Associations in the Friesland district .
• Municipal library , Petersilienstraße 1; it has 21,500 media. In 2010 there were around 68,000 loans.
• The film service cinema in the former dairy at Bahnhofsstrasse 44; In addition to the current cinema program, weekly film art days are also offered here in cooperation with the adult education center , where outstanding films from various genres are shown.
• Jever Youth Hostel with a new location from 2006 with 138 beds in 36 rooms and around 20,000 overnight stays per year on Dr.-Fritz-Blume-Weg . The construction was made possible by a donation from Jever's honorary citizen Fritz Blume.
• The outdoor pool from 1980, since 2004 supported by the city and the sponsoring association Freibad Jever . The pool has a 50 meter swimming pool with a large slide and diving boards. The number of visitors is between 20,000 and 25,000 visitors.

education

Vocational schools and vocational high school Vocational schools with specialized high schools for business and health / social affairs Further training Mariengymnasium (main location Jever) Elisa-Kauffeld - Oberschule (formerly secondary school Jever) Friedrich Schlosser School (School for Learning Assistance / Special School )

District schools Regional adult education center Friesland (Jever branch) District music school Friesland District Sports School Friesland (in the Paul Sillus School) Elementary schools Paul Sillus School Elementary School Harlinger Weg Primary School Cleverns

Day care centers Ammerländer Weg day care center Kindergarten Klein Grashaus Lindenallee day care center Hammerschmidtstrasse day care center Moorwarfen day-care center Daycare center Cleverns

Personalities

Honorary citizen

The honorary citizenship is the highest awarded by the city of Jever award for a personality who has rendered outstanding services in an outstanding manner for the welfare or reputation of the city. Jever has given honorary citizenship to the following personalities:

• Peter W. Janßen, businessman - conferred honorary citizenship on June 24, 1895
• Theodor Hillmer, President of the State Tax Office - conferred honorary citizenship on May 31, 1929
• Paul von Hindenburg , President of the Reich - conferred honorary citizenship on March 31, 1933
• Adolf Ahlers , businessman - conferred honorary citizenship on April 23, 1964
• Karl Fissen, teacher, local researcher - conferred honorary citizenship on July 4, 1968
• Hermann van der Heide, local politician - Awarded honorary citizenship November 17, 1973. The "Hermann-van-der-Heide-Strasse" in Jever was named after him.
• Hein Bredendiek , teacher, painter, Low German writer - bestowed honorary citizenship in 1986
• Jacobus Eden, master baker and confectioner and patron - conferred honorary citizenship in 1991.
• Fritz Blume, newspaper publisher and patron of the city - conferred honorary citizenship on February 17, 2003. The "Dr.-Fritz-Blume-Weg" in Jever was named after him.

Adolf Hitler received honorary citizenship of the city of Jever on March 31, 1933, and the Nazi Gauleiter Weser-Ems Carl Röver in 1938. On March 22, 1979, they were both posthumously revoked.

Sons and daughters of the city of Jever

• Miss Maria (1500–1575), regent of the Jeverland
• Anton Günther Billich (1599–1640), Oldenburg personal physician and chemiatric specialist writer
• Matthias Tiling (1634–1685), physician, Hessian personal physician and professor of medicine in Rinteln
• Christian Heinrich Wolke (1741–1825), educator of the Enlightenment
• Bernhard Wilhelm Toel (1770–1840), clergyman
• Georg Heinrich Bernhard Jürgens (1771–1846), botanist, algae researcher, lawyer, notary and from 1829 to 1845 mayor of Jever
• Friedrich Christoph Schlosser (1776–1861), historian
• Dietrich Christian von Buttel (1801–1878), lawyer and politician
• Salomon Mendelssohn (1813–1892), Grand Ducal Oldenburg gymnastics teacher and promoter of gymnastics in Friesland
• Carl Julius Dannenberg (1813–1875), politician, member of the Oldenburg Landtag and German Reichstag
• Joseph Mendelssohn (1817–1856), author and publicist
• Johann Ludwig Hinrichs (1818–1901), co-founder of the German Baptist congregations
• Johann Friedrich Minssen (1823–1901), linguist
• Ludwig Strackerjan (1825–1881), writer, lawyer and politician, member of the Oldenburg State Parliament
• Friedrich Gustav Jansen (1831–1910), organist and musicologist
• Ernst Hemken (1834–1911), painter and portraitist
• Johanne Kippenberg , b. Koch (1842–1925), teacher and headmistress
• Johannes Eduard Folckard Willms (1860–1937), administrative lawyer and district president of the Oldenburg region of Lübeck
• Otto Georg Hermann Willms (1866–1901), administrative lawyer and mayor of Delmenhorst
• Johann Albers (1890–1964), politician, member of the appointed Oldenburg State Parliament and the Lower Saxony State Parliament
• Friedrich Knigge (1900–1947), psychiatrist who was involved in Nazi crimes in the context of child “euthanasia” during the Nazi era
• Fritz Levy (1901–1982), the "last Jew from Jever"
• Ekhard Koch (1902–2000), lawyer, administrative officer and politician
• Ernst Teichmann (1906–1983), pastor, responsible for the creation of the Halbe forest cemetery
• Helmut Janßen (1910–1992), lawyer, senior district director of the Rotenburg (Wümme) district
• Oswald Andrae (1926–1997), Low German writer
• Erke Noth , b. Rieken (1939–2007), politician of the FDP
• Hajo van Lengen (born April 25, 1940), historian, former director of the East Frisian landscape in Aurich
• Bernd Theilen (born January 20, 1945), politician, member of the Lower Saxony state parliament
• Hiltraud Casper-Hehne (* 1957), Germanist
• Holger Frerichs (born April 8, 1958), paramedic and author
• Alice Gerken-Klaas (born April 25, 1964), politician, mayor of Ganderkesee
• Wiebke Eden (born January 19, 1968), writer
• Jörn Knebel (born December 25, 1969), actor
• Jessica Kreuzer (born February 1, 1989), soccer player

Personalities associated with Jever

• Franz Tiefenbruch (1609–1702), vice principal of the Mariengymnasium .
• Joachim Kayser († 1720), organ builder , who lived in Jever from 1674 until his death and built numerous organs in East Frisia , the Oldenburger Land and Jeverland .
• Maria Clementine Martin (1775–1843), nun, inventor of Klosterfrau Melissengeist .
• Johann Heinrich von Thünen (1783–1850), German agricultural and economic scientist, social reformer and model farmer.
• Eilhard Mitscherlich (1794–1863), born in Neuende , an important German chemist and mineralogist.
• Carl Stiehl (1826–1911), conductor and musicologist, from 1848 to 1858 head of the Jever Singing Society and organist at the town church.
• Karl Jaspers (1883–1969), psychiatrist and philosopher. His great-grandfather was the mayor of Jever. The paternal grandparents lived in Jever. Karl Jaspers was a frequent guest with them.
• Georg von der Vring (1889–1968), writer and painter; from 1919 to 1928 drawing teacher at the Mariengymnasium.
• Therese von der Vring , b. Oberlindober (1894–1927), expressionist painter .
• Sophie Prag (1895–1955), was the first student in 1915 to graduate from Jever's Mariengymnasium. The Jewish pediatrician escaped the Holocaust by emigrating to Peru.
• Alfred Onnen (1904–1966), lawyer and FDP politician. From 1946 to 1949 he was mayor of the city of Jever.
• Kurt Dossin (1913–2004), handball player and Olympic champion as well as three-time German champion. In the post-war period he was a player as well as trainer and official of MTV Jever. Lived in Jever from 1946 to 1955.

Ten mark banknote

Excerpt from the 10 Deutsche Mark note with Jever as the measuring point

In 1825, Carl Friedrich Gauß stayed temporarily in Jever for surveying work. The 10 Deutsche Mark note in the fourth series ("BBk III") showed a sextant on the reverse as well as a sketch of the triangulation of Wangerooge and Neuwerk with Jever as the measuring point .

literature

• Christian Friedrich Strackerjan : Contributions to the history of the city of Jever , Verlag Wilhelm Kaiser, Bremen 1836, digitized .
• Carl Woebcken : Jever - city of art, legend and history. Verlag CL Mettcker & Sons, Jever 1930, DNB 578406241 .
• Karl Fissen: A thousand years of Jever - 400 years of the city. Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg 1936.
• Karl Fissen: Jever - folklore from a small town and its landscape. Publisher CL Mettcker & Sons, Jever 1960.
• Carl Woebcken: Jeverland. What has been and what has remained. In: Announcements of the Jeverland antiquity and homeland association Jever. Issue 8, Verlag CL Mettcker & Söhne, Jever 1961, DNB 455728933 .
• Bernhard Schönbohm: Well-known and famous Jeverlanders. Verlag CL Mettcker & Sons, Jever 1981.
• Karl Fissen: The old Jever. Certificates, judgments, descriptions and pictures. Verlag CL Mettcker & Sons, Jever 1981, DNB 451288610 .
• Kurt Asche: The town house in Oldenburg. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, Tübingen 1982, ISBN 3-8030-0033-5 .
• Hartmut Peters (ed.): Exiled citizens, the Jews from Jever. No. 19 of the series of publications of the Jeverland Antiquities and Homeland Association. V., Jever 1984.
• Jeverland antiquity and homeland association: a look back. Contributions to the history of the Jeverland. Publisher CL Mettcker & Sons, Jever 1986.
• Antje Sander (Ed.): The Miss and the Renaissance. Maria von Jever 1500–1575. Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 2000, ISBN 3-89598-711-5 .
• Wolfgang Koppen: Smart minds from Jeverland. Verlag Brune-Mettcker, Jever 2003, ISBN 3-87542-045-4 .
• F. Orth, B. Müller-Schlombs, W. Trumpf: Jever - so old and so new. Verlag Brune-Mettcker, Jever 2004, ISBN 3-87542-049-7 .
• Werner Meiners , Hartmut Peters: Jever. In: Herbert Obenaus (Ed. In collaboration with David Bankier and Daniel Fraenkel): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , pp. 908-928.
• Ingo Hashagen and Klaus Andersen: Jever - The Frisian royal seat. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-86680-224-7 .
• Werner Menke: Monuments in Jever. Verlag Hermann Lüers, Jever 2007, ISBN 978-3-9812030-1-1 .
• Ingo Hashagen and Klaus Andersen: Jever - the center of a rule. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2009, ISBN 978-3-86680-531-6 .
• Klaus Andersen, Ingo Hashagen and Hugo Rase (photos): Closed because of wealth! Jever and the surrounding area. Five decades of city history. Verlag Brune-Mettcker, Jever 2010, ISBN 978-3-87542-074-6 .
• Helmut “Theo” Bath: Trade in Transition. A nostalgic look back at the business world in Jever. Verlag Brune-Mettcker, Wittmund 2018, ISBN 978-3-87542-096-8 .

Web links

Commons : Jever  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Jever  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wikivoyage: Jever  - travel guide

Wikisource: Jever in the Topographia Westphaliae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Official website of the city of Jever

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
2. ^ Official homepage of the city of Jever , accessed on December 28, 2010.
3. ↑ Karl Fissen: Jeversche folklore. Jever 1936, p. 161.
4. ↑ Karl Fissen: Jever. Folklore from a small town and its landscape. Jever 1960, p. 7 f.
5. ↑ On the supposed stone grave of Nobiskrug see Schripnest.de: The (previously known) story of a foundling near Nobiskrug. Erratic boulders as witnesses to the development of the landscape (V. Bleck; 2009) ; accessed on February 5, 2019
6. ↑ Karl Fissen: Jever. Folklore from a small town and its landscape. Jever 1960, p. 9.
7. ↑ Compare Karl Fissen: Jever. Folklore from a small town and its landscape. Jever 1960, p. 12 f.
8. ↑ Jever's oldest cultural products: Coin coins of the Billung dukes , accessed on February 17, 2016.
9. ↑ woman places Lower Saxony , accessed on 18 March 2016th
10. ↑ See on this and the following Hartmut Peters: The "Reichskristallnacht" in Jever and the history of the Jever synagogues. Jever 1992, p. 32 ff.
11. ↑ see Rudolf Herz : Hoffmann & Hitler. Photography as a medium of the Führer myth , Munich 1994, p. 174
12. ↑ Numbers quoted from Herbert Obenaus u. a. (Ed.): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen. Volume II, Göttingen 2005, p. 920.
13. ↑ Something completely paradoxical. SPIEGEL editor Wolfgang Becker on the regional reform in Friesland . In: Der Spiegel . Issue 23/1977.
14. ↑ Helmut Burlager, ST.-ANNEN-QUARTIER - Exemplary for urban development, in: Jeversches Wochenblatt of September 16, 2013
15. ^ History of the City of Jever , accessed on February 17, 2016.
16. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 275 .
17. ^ City of Jever: Figures, data, facts , accessed on February 17, 2016.
18. ↑ Jever: Annual Report 2015, p. 44 , accessed on March 5, 2017.
19. ^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on November 6, 2016
20. ↑ ^{a b} Overall results of the Jever city council election on September 11, 2016 , accessed on November 6, 2016
21. ↑ The CDU gets the most votes nationwide. September 12, 2016, accessed November 6, 2016 . 
22. ^ Wilhelmshavener Zeitung : Jan Edo Albers becomes the new mayor , edition of October 7, 2013, p. 1.
23. ↑ Olaf Lies: About me , accessed on June 20, 2013
24. ↑ Allocation of constituencies to the Federal Returning Officer , accessed on November 10, 2018.
25. ^ Nordwest-Zeitung: Bundestag election: These members represent our region . In: NWZonline . ( nwzonline.de [accessed September 29, 2017]).
26. ↑ Description of the coat of arms on the website of the city of Jever
27. ^ City of Jever at Kommunalflaggen.de
28. ↑ Dieter Oesterlen: Explanations for the reconstruction of the city church in Jever. In: Festschrift for the inauguration of the Jever City Church in 1964 (Ed. Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Jever), Jever 1964, p. 45.
29. ↑ Dieter Oesterlen: Explanations for the reconstruction of the city church in Jever. In: Festschrift for the inauguration of the Jever town church in 1964 (publisher Evangelical Lutheran parish Jever), Jever 1964, p. 46.
30. ↑ Jever, Stadtkirche, Organ by Alfred Führer (1966) , accessed on January 12, 2014.
31. ↑ Stadtkirche Jever, organ , accessed on July 26, 2016.
32. ^ Friesland district: Edo-Wiemken-Denkmal , accessed on February 17, 2016.
33. ↑ Masterpieces of modern church architecture: Jever City Church , accessed on April 3, 2018.
34. ^ Helga and Georg Lünemann: The St. Annen Chapel , accessed on January 8, 2016.
35. ↑ This is what it says on an inscription plaque that is attached above the entrance gate of the St. Anne's Chapel.
36. ↑ Bernhard Schönbohm (edited by Enno Schönbohm): The town church and St. Anne's chapel in Jever. No. 227 in the series DKV-Kunstführer , Munich 2007 (8th edition), ISBN 978-3-422-02043-6 , p. 19.
37. ↑ See: Stadt Jever (ed.): The town hall of Jever. Jever 1965, p. 12. Dehio ( Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bremen - Lower Saxony , Munich / Berlin 1992) only mentions that the facade was removed down to the ground floor. However, this information is incorrect.
38. ↑ See Asche: The community center in Oldenburg. Tübingen 1982, p. 171.
39. ^ Ashes: The town house in Oldenburg. P. 160.
40. ↑ Information from Georg Dehio: Bremen / Lower Saxony, Munich / Berlin 1992, p. 787.
41. ↑ Information according to Asche: The community center in Oldenburg. Tübingen 1982, p. 160.
42. ↑ Information according to Asche: The community center in Oldenburg. Tübingen 1982, p. 168.
43. ↑ Hof von Oldenburg - historic restaurant , accessed on January 23, 2011
44. ↑ Menke, Werner: Monuments in Jever. Verlag Hermann Lührs, Jever 2007, ISBN 978-3-9812030-1-1 , p. 35 ff.
45. ↑ Blaudruckerei Jever , accessed on January 11, 2011
46. ↑ Friesische Mühlenstraße: Slaughter mill Jever
47. ↑ Brewery tour , accessed on November 10, 2018.
48. ↑ Werner Menke: Monuments in Jever. Verlag Hermann Lührs, Jever 2007, ISBN 978-3-9812030-1-1 , p. 48 ff.
49. ↑ Werner Menke: Monuments in Jever. Verlag Hermann Lührs, Jever 2007, ISBN 978-3-9812030-1-1 , p. 51 ff.
50. ↑ The Glasses Fountain , accessed on January 8, 2011
51. ↑ Brewery tour , accessed on December 30, 2010
52. ^ Ostfriesland.de: Bismarckmuseum , accessed on February 17, 2016.
53. ↑ Historical and Spectacular ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: Nordwest-Zeitung online , February 2, 2011; accessed on November 10, 2018.
54. ^ Jever Castle Museum (ed.): Jever Castle Park. Oldenburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-89995-562-0 , p. 23.
55. ^ Jever Castle Museum (ed.): Jever Castle Park. Oldenburg 2009, p. 64 ff.
56. ^ Jever Castle Museum (ed.): Jever Castle Park. Oldenburg 2009, pp. 113-116.
57. ↑ Künstlerforum Jever , accessed on November 10, 2018.
58. ^ MTV & Friends , accessed February 3, 2011.
59. ^ Chronicle of MTV Jever , accessed on February 3, 2011.
60. ↑ Articles of Association of the Friends of MTV Jever ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.5 MB), accessed on March 26, 2013.
61. ↑ History of the Lapwing. FSV Jever eV, accessed on August 10, 2020 . 
62. ↑ FSV Jever. Retrieved August 10, 2020 . 
63. ↑ Karl Fissen: Jever. Folklore from a small town and its landscape, Jever 1960, pp. 185–191.
64. ↑ Jeversches Wochenblatt , edition of March 11, 2010: City awakens with spring festival , accessed on January 4, 2016.
65. ^ KH Marschalleck: Jevers churches in the Middle Ages. In: Festschrift for the inauguration of the Jever town church in 1964 (Ed. Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Jever), Jever 1964, p. 12.
66. ^ KH Marschalleck: Jevers churches in the Middle Ages. In: Festschrift for the inauguration of the Jever town church in 1964 (Ed. Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Jever), Jever 1964, p. 11.
67. ^ KH Marschalleck: Jevers churches in the Middle Ages. In: Festschrift for the inauguration of the Jever town church in 1964 (Ed. Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Jever), Jever 1964, p. 18.
68. ↑ Parish council of the ev.-luth. Parish Jever (ed.): Evangelical Lutheran parish Jever. Jever n.d., p. 9.
69. ↑ Parish council of the ev.-luth. Parish Jever (ed.): Evangelical Lutheran parish Jever. Jever n.d., p. 48.
70. ^ Genealogy forum Ostfriesland: The ev.-luth. St. Peter on the Holy Cross Church ( Memento from September 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 4, 2011.
71. ^ Genealogy Forum Ostfriesland: The St. Jakobus Church ( Memento from September 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 4, 2011.
72. ^ Rolf Schäfer , Joachim Kuropka, Reinhard Rittner, Heinrich Schmidt (eds.): Oldenburg Church History. Oldenburg 1999, ISBN 3-89598-624-0 , p. 495.
73. ↑ Historical review on the homepage of the Catholic parish Jever, accessed on February 17, 2016.
74. ↑ Heinz Buttjes: The Evangelical Free Church congregation. 150 years of Baptists in Jever. Jever 1990, p. 5.
75. ↑ nwzonline.de: Bethaus-Café opens again , accessed on February 17, 2016.
76. ^ Homepage of the Evangelical Free Congregation , accessed on December 29, 2010.
77. ↑ Homepage of the New Apostolic Church North Germany: From the history of our congregation , accessed on December 29, 2010.
78. ^ Advertisement for Harlingerland: Church in Wittmund is for sale (March 19, 2018) ; accessed on April 3, 2018
79. ↑ Hartmut Peters: From the prayer room in the rear building to the synagogue at the water gate. In: Heimat am Meer , supplement to the Wilhelmshavener Zeitung , year 2015, No. 23, p. 89 ff.
80. ↑ Hartmut Peters: Synagogue sets the standard in the northwest. In: Jeversches Wochenblatt of June 10, 2016, p. 5.
81. ^ Alemannia Judaica: Jever (Friesland district, Lower Saxony) , accessed on January 4, 2011.
82. ↑ The details are documented in detail by Hartmut Peters: The "Reichskristallnacht" in Jever and the history of the Jever synagogues. Jever 1992, pp. 37-52.
83. ↑ Hartmut Peters: Synagogue Jever: honest men as arsonists. In: Wilhelmshavener Zeitung of November 7, 2015, p. 66 f.
84. ^ GröschlerHaus: Center for Jewish History and Contemporary History in the Friesland / Wilhelmshaven region; accessed on May 12, 2015.
85. ↑ Fritz is alive! (Documentary by Elke Baur) , accessed on February 17, 2016.
86. ↑ For example Manfred Gebhards: Stories in the constellation of the lyre - homage to the 60s and 70s . Achilla press, Oldenburg u. a. 1991, ISBN 3-928398-01-6 , chapter: At Fritz Levy, pp. 66-78.
87. ↑ Johannes-Fritz Töllner in collaboration with Wouter J. van Bekkum, Enno Meyer and Harald Schieckel: The Jewish cemeteries in the Oldenburger Land. Inventory of the preserved tombstones, Holzberg, Oldenburg 1983 (Oldenburger Studien Vol. 25), ISBN 3-87358-181-7 , pp. 25-184; alemannia-judaica.de accessed on July 15, 2011.
88. ↑ ^{a b} City of Jever - business location , accessed on February 17, 2016.
89. ↑ nwz-online: The company "bio pin" also relies on Eastern Europe , accessed on February 15, 2011.
90. ↑ wzonline.de: The number of unemployed in Wilhelmshaven has risen , accessed on February 17, 2016.
91. ↑ Jeversches Wochenblatt: Jever remains “Erholort” , article in the edition of October 9, 2010 , accessed on January 6, 2011.
92. ↑ Motorhome forum: Jever parking space / description , accessed on January 6, 2011.
93. ↑ More guests in Jever ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
94. ↑ Landkreis Friesland - Kreisverwaltung , accessed on February 17, 2016.
95. ↑ Water and soil associations in the district of Friesland , accessed on February 6, 2011.
96. ^ Libraries in Lower Saxony: Jever City Library , accessed on January 19, 2011.
97. ↑ Nordwest-Zeitung online: Commitment pays off (from January 15, 2011) ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 10, 2018.
98. ^ Film-Service-Center Jever: Filmkunsttaged , accessed on January 19, 2011
99. ↑ Jever Youth Hostel - That's us ( memento from June 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 5, 2011.
100. ↑ Nordwestzeitung: Youth hostel in Jever in its fourth season ( memento from June 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 5, 2011
101. ↑ Press reports on the outdoor swimming season , accessed on March 26, 2013.
102. ↑ Who was Elisa Kauffeld? , accessed December 19, 2016.
103. ^ ^{A b c d} Karl Fissen: Jeversche Volkskunde. Articles about local history and pictures (published on behalf of the city of Jever), Jever 1936, p. VIII
104. ↑ Franz Bader: “The maintenance of music in Jever. Festschrift for the seventy-five year anniversary of the singing club. Jever 1895, pp. 58–67 "
105. ^ G. Waldo Dunnington: Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science . The Mathematical Association of America, 2004. page 133