Östringen (Gau)
Östringen belonged to the so-called Frisian districts , in which the missionary Willehad, according to the determination by Charlemagne in a document from the year 787, was to carry out Christianization: Ostringa (Östringen), Rustri ( Rüstringen ), Wanga ( Wangerland ) and Nordendi , das sich in Nordi ( Norderland ) and Herloga ( Harlingerland ).
history
In 961 Hermann Billung had received the Duchy of Saxony , probably also the county in the Bremen Friesland, in any case his son Bernhard was named as Count in Östringen in 983. After this family died out, the Ammerland Hunige and the Oldenburg Egilmaringe followed. Jever , gradually the prominent place in Östringen, experienced its first heyday as a market and trading place. In the 12th and 13th centuries, wild tribal feuds followed throughout the Frisian region, the count's authority waned until the bond between Östringen and Oldenburg almost completely broke (Friede auf dem Aschwerder Groden 1337).
The hereditary dynasties in East Frisia ( Cirksena ) and in Jeverland ( Edo Wiemken the Elder and his descendants) developed from the complete anarchy of the 14th century . Sometime in the 14th century there was a union of Östringen with Wangerland and in the 15th century both with the rest of Rüstringen, which was west of the Jadebusens created by storm surges. All three areas formed the rule Jever , later "Jeverland", with a total of 19 parishes or communities (after 1818 "Amt Jever").
According to the Archdeaconate Register of Bremen from 1420/26, the Jever parish included the parishes Accum, Fedderwarden, Jever, Cleverns, Pakens , Sandel, Schortens , Sengwarden, Sillenstede, Waddewarden, Westrum and Wiefels. The Östringfelde monastery was founded after 1175 , it became a nunnery 200 years later and was completely dissolved at the end of the 16th century. The monastery buildings and the tower gradually fell into disrepair, with scheduled destruction in phases until 1796.
Fedderwarden, Sengwarden and Accum formed the Kniphausen rule since 1495 , and existed until 1854. After that, these communities also belonged to Jeverland.
The parishes of Diekhausen, Etzel, (Alt-) Gödens, Horsten, Marx, Reepsholt and Wiesede belonged to the western part of Östringen, the Reepsholt district . The monastery Reepsholt was founded as the first in Östringen. 983 This part of Oestringen finally fell to East Frisia at the end of the 15th century .
In contrast to "Wangerland" and "Rüstringen", the name "Östringen" disappeared completely. Only "Östringfelde" and " Klosterpark " remained, they are located in the area of the city of Schortens . From 1933 to 1945 the municipality of Oestringen existed temporarily in the district of Friesland , which was named after the old Frisian Gau.
literature
- Georg Sello : Östringen and Rüstringen. Ad. Littmann, Oldenburg 1928
- Albrecht Eckhardt, Heinrich Schmidt (ed.): History of the state of Oldenburg. 3rd edition Holzberg, Oldenburg 1998, ISBN 3-87358-285-6
- Hans Patze , Ernst Schubert (ed.): History of Lower Saxony. 3 volumes, Lax, Hildesheim, (last volume 3, part 1: 1998, ISBN 3-7752-5901-5 )
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