Kniphausen rule
The Kniphausen lordship , also known as the Glory of In- and Kniphausen until the 17th century , was part of Friesland as direct imperial territory and was ruled by Frisian chiefs and noble families. It was located in the Östringer Marsch, on the outskirts and partly in what is now the city of Wilhelmshaven . The glory emerged towards the end of the 15th century. The first lord was the Frisian chief Fulf (also Folef) of In- and Kniphausen (around 1465–1530 / 31), who came into the possession of the castles Inhausen and Kniphausen through inheritance . At that time the glory covered an area of about 45 km² with the parishes of Fedderwarden , Sengwarden and Accum .
history
In 1588 Iko von In- und Kniphausen was appointed imperial baron by Emperor Rudolf II . After disputes in the Thirty Years' War , Philipp Wilhelm von Innhausen and Knyphausen ceded his property to the County of Oldenburg in exchange for an annual pension . The family received payments from this contract for 340 years until a transfer agreement with the state of Lower Saxony in 1964.
In 1658 Anton I von Aldenburg received the rule of Kniphausen together with Varel , which became the main town and seat of government in 1738 after the rule was transferred to the Counts of Aldenburg-Bentinck , as free property. Anton I was illegitimate, but in 1646 by Emperor Ferdinand III. legitimized son of Count Anton Günther von Oldenburg . He was raised to imperial baron and later imperial count . After Aldenburg's death, his descendants received the so-called Aldenburg tract on July 12, 1693, to confirm the rule of Kniphausen. By marriage, the rule came to the house of Aldenburg-Bentinck.
At the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 the "glory of In- and Kniphausen" was not mediatized , but a neutral state. At first it was not subject to the Napoleonic continental blockade and, even after the French occupation in 1806, benefited from the flourishing sea trade and later from smuggling with Great Britain . As a result of Napoleon's claim to power, Kniphausen was mediated in the Treaty of Fontainebleau on November 11, 1807 and subjected to the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Holland . Through the organic Senate consultation of July 10, 1810, it came under the sovereignty of the French Empire and was united with the rule of Jever to form an arrondissement . It belonged to the Ems-Oriental department , while Count Bentinck only retained his property rights.
After the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , French supremacy ended, and in October 1813 Count Bentinck allowed his former sovereign rights to be exercised again. On November 25, 1813, the Russian general Ferdinand von Wintzingerode took possession of Jever and Kniphausen for Russia, and on December 20, 1813, the provisional administration by Oldenburg followed.
This situation lasted until July 31, 1826, with the Berlin Agreement of June 8, 1825, the provisional administration of Kniphausen ended. As a result and through a convention on February 28, 1834, a public legal status arose, which reestablished the rule in its original form and gave Kniphausen limited sovereignty . In May 1848, the rule was even granted its own seat in the Frankfurt National Assembly . Hillart Cropp received the mandate . Nevertheless, there was a long, sometimes violent, dispute between Oldenburg and the Bentincks, the so-called Bentinck succession dispute . This dispute was only ended in 1854 with a settlement in which the Bentinck family waived their rights in exchange for compensation. The glory of In- and Kniphausen was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, where it formed the " Amt Kniphausen", which in 1858 was incorporated into the Amt of Jever . The Kniphausen office consisted of the three communities Accum , Fedderwarden and Sengwarden .
From 1933 to 1948 there was a large community of Kniphausen , the area of which partially coincided with that of the former glory.
Kniphauser flags and coat of arms
Flag of the Kniphausen rule 1689–1702
Flag of the Kniphausen rule 1702–1751
Flag of the Kniphausen rule 1835
The Kniphauser coat of arms
Aldenburg-Bentinck coat of arms
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See also
literature
- Wilhelm Doden: The regulars' table in Kniphausen. Novel. Isensee, Oldenburg 1987, ISBN 3-920557-70-0 .
- Albrecht Eckhard (ed.): History of the state of Oldenburg. A manual. 3rd, improved and enlarged edition. Holzberg, Oldenburg 1988. ISBN 3-87358-285-6 .
- Wilhelm Janßen: Castle and Kniphausen Palace. An attempt to reconstruct the development and construction history based on documents and files. Sparkasse Wilhelmshaven, Wilhelmshaven 1977.
- Robert-Dieter Klee: The end of a glory. Kniphausen and Oldenburg 150 years ago. In: Lower Saxony Yearbook for State History. Vol. 77, 2005, ISSN 0078-0561 , pp. 187-226.
- Walter Ordemann: The glory and Kniphausen Castle. Brune, Wilhelmshaven 1993.
- Karl Veit Riedel: Count Anton Günther - a princely master builder? In: Peter Reindl (Red.): Anton Günther Graf von Oldenburg. 1583-1667. Aspects of state politics and art of his time. Landesmuseum Oldenburg and others, Oldenburg 1983 (exhibition catalog).
- Georg Sello : The territorial development of the Duchy of Oldenburg , in the series of publications of the historical commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen. Vol. 2, 3, ISSN 0933-3320 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Oldenburg 1917.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Friedl (Hrsg.): Biographisches Handbuch zur Geschichte des Landes Oldenburg . Oldenburg 1992, p. 27 (PDF; 4.6 MB)
- ↑ Biography: Hillerd Meinen Lüder Cropp. In: Hans Friedl, Wolfgang Günther, Hilke Günther-Arndt, Heinrich Schmidt (Hrsg.): Biographisches Handbuch zur Geschichte des Landes Oldenburg . Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 138-139.