Friedrich Christoph Schlosser

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Friedrich Christoph Schlosser

Friedrich Christoph Schlosser (born November 17, 1776 in Jever , † September 23, 1861 in Heidelberg , Grand Duchy of Baden ) was a German historian .

Live and act

Education and early years

Schlosser was born in 1776 in the Jever rulership as the youngest of twelve children of the lawyer Carl Wilhelm Schlosser (1727–1783) and the merchant's daughter Weike Maria born. Mehrings (1735–1794) born. After the early death of his father, he first attended the Latin school in his hometown and then initially decided on the parish office. Consequently, he studied theology in Göttingen from 1794 to 1797 , but also classical philology and history , where he was influenced by the late Enlightenment historiography of August Ludwig von Schlözer and Ludwig Timotheus Spittler . After completing his studies, he worked as a private tutor for ten years , first from 1797 with the family of Count Bentinck in Varel , from 1798 with a businessman in Othmarschen and from 1800 finally with the respected businessman Georg Meyer in Frankfurt am Main . Schlosser stayed in Frankfurt for eight years and used this time for extensive studies of the philosophical, theological-pedagogical and historical literature of the Enlightenment . In order to qualify for the teaching profession, he published his first book in 1807, a study of the history of religion and the history of the Church, which was well received by the professional world. At Easter 1808, Schlosser accepted the position of vice principal at the provincial school in Jever.

Activity in Frankfurt

Schlosser left Jever in the autumn of 1809 and returned to Frankfurt am Main , where he wrote his first historical writings. Meanwhile, was it by the University of Giessen , the degree of Dr. phil. awarded. Supported by his former employer Meyer, Schlosser was a collaborator at the municipal high school from 1810 to 1819 . His work enabled Schlosser to carry out extensive scientific work and in 1812 he was able to publish his story of the iconoclasting emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire , a continuation and correction of Edward Gibbon's main work The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire . This work attracted the attention of the Prince-Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg , the sovereign of the newly created Grand Duchy of Frankfurt in 1810 . In the course of a reorganization of the teaching system, Dalberg founded the Lyceum Carolinum in his residence city of Frankfurt in 1812 as a university replacement . At this institution, Schlosser received a professorship for history and philosophy and refused the almost simultaneous call to Heidelberg University .

Activity in Heidelberg

Schlosser's house in the old town of Heidelberg, medium building, opposite the apse of St. Peter's Church located
Memorial plaque on Schlosser's house in Heidelberg

After the fall of Napoleon and the restoration of the Free City of Frankfurt , the Lyceum was closed and Schlosser became the city's librarian in 1814 . In August 1817 he finally went to Heidelberg University as a professor of history, where he also headed the university library until 1825. In Heidelberg, where Schlosser taught until the summer semester of 1852, he developed an extremely effective activity in the spirit of liberalism and wrote several historical works. His two best-known works are the world history for the German people , partly written by him, partly compiled on the basis of his publications by Georg Ludwig Kriegk , and the history of the eighteenth century and the nineteenth up to the fall of the French Empire , which was published in five editions until 1865 experienced.

rating

Schlosser's historiography shaped the universal historical approach as well as the close connection between political history and intellectual history. Through literature and philosophy, Schlosser believed that he could grasp the zeitgeist of the respective epoch. He received large amounts of material and brought them directly into his representations, whereby he did not focus on the form, as other historians of his time, but on the content. In contrast to, for example, that of the somewhat younger Leopold von Ranke , who worked out the foundations of modern, critical history, his method and objectives were still shaped by the pre-scientific, pre-historicist 18th century. Influenced by the Enlightenment and sharply opposed to inequality and bondage, to absolutism and aristocracy, to class systems and their beneficiaries, Schlosser's publications focused not only on classical but also on moral, moral and civic education, whereby he looked at judged one's own presence. With Schlosser, based on the humanity of the Enlightenment, the self-development of the free individual moved into the foreground as opposed to the "understanding", objective representation of historical processes, whereby he made his descriptions consciously subjective and morally judgmental. With his publications, Schlosser achieved his greatest impact in the pre- March period and in the decade after the failure of the revolution of 1848 .

Schlosser did not aim to work through beautiful form, rather stood in marked contrast to the critical, as well as the artistic, historiography. The scientific content of his works is far behind the moral effect, but the liberalism of his conception characteristic of his time brought his works closer to the understanding of the people than that of any other historian. (Meyers Großes Konversationslexikon, 1905) Schlosser had a strong influence on the political views of the middle class and the emerging bourgeoisie. He was never politically active himself.

Schlosser died in Heidelberg on September 23, 1861. It rests in the mountain cemetery in Heidelberg. Schlosser's neo-Gothic grave stele with an architectural piece, a work by the sculptor Heinrich Greif, is in Department H. His grave was originally not far from the resting place of Charles de Graimberg on lit. C.

family

At the age of 51, Schlosser married Louise Henriette Hoffmann (1791–1862) from Bendorf on March 28, 1827 ; the marriage remained childless.

Honors

Friedrich Christoph Schlosser's grave stele is now in the (Dept. H). His grave is in the (Section C) of the Heidelberg Bergfriedhof
Monument on the Schlosserplatz in Jever

Publications

  • Abelard and Dulcin. Gotha, 1807.
  • Lives of Theodor de Beza and Peter Martyr Vermili. Heidelberg, 1809.
  • History of the iconoclasting emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire. Frankfurt am Main, 1812.
  • World history in a coherent narrative. 9 volumes. Frankfurt am Main, 1815-1824.
  • History of the 18th century and the 19th until the fall of the French Empire. 2 volumes. Heidelberg 1823; 4th edition: 8 volumes. Heidelberg, 1853-1860.
  • Universal historical overview of the history of the Old World and its culture. 9 parts. Frankfurt am Main, 1826-1834.
  • To judge Napoleon and his latest blame and eulogists. 3 volumes. Frankfurt am Main, 1832-1835.
  • Dante. Leipzig, 1855.
  • World history for the German people. 18 volumes and 1 register volume. Frankfurt am Main, 1844–1857; later continued by Oskar Jäger and Franz Wolff, last: 20 volumes. Stuttgart 1901-1904.

literature

  • Dagmar Drüll: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1803-1932 . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Tokyo 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-70761-2 .
  • [Bernhard] Erdmannsdörfer: Commemorative speech for the celebration of Schlosser's 100th birthday. Heidelberg 1876.
  • Georg Gottfried Gervinus : Friedrich Christoph Schlosser, a necrology. Leipzig 1860.
  • Georg Gölter: Friedrich Christoph Schlosser's view of history , phil. Diss., Heidelberg 1966.
  • Michael Gottlob: Historiography between the Enlightenment and Historicism. Johannes von Müller and Friedrich Christoph Schlosser. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1989. ISBN 3-631-40739-4 .
  • Michael Gottlob:  Schlosser, Friedrich Christoph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 104 ( digitized version ).
  • Ellen-Charlotte Sellier-Bauer: Friedrich Christoph Schlosser. A German Scholar's Life in the 19th Century. V & R unipress, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-89971-175-0 .
  • Franz Xaver von Wegele :  Schlosser, Friedrich Christoph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 31, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 533-541.
  • W. DILTHEY-O.LORENZ: I principi della storiografia di Friedrich Christoph Schlosser. , traduzione, introduzione e cura di M. Martirano, Napoli, 1993.
  • Maurizio Martirano: Storia della cultura e giudizio morale nella storiografia di Friedrich Christoph Schlosser. In: Archivio di storia della cultura , Volume VII (1994), pp. 35-114.
  • Maurizio Martirano: Religion, cultural history and moral judgment in Friedrich Christoph Schlosser's conception of history. In: Geschichte und Gegenwart , Volume 16.4 (1997), pp. 211-229.
  • Hans Friedl: Schlosser, Friedrich Christoph. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , p. 639 f. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Christoph Schlosser  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Friedrich Christoph Schlosser  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Leena Ruuskanen: The Heidelberg Bergfriedhof through the ages . Publishing house regional culture. 2008.
  2. ↑ Hans Körner: The Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art and its members . In: Journal for Bavarian State History Vol. 47, 1984, pp. 299–398 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ The Order Pourl le Merite for Science and the Arts. The members of the order , Volume 1 (1842–1881), Gebr. Mann-Verlag, Berlin 1975, pp. 220–221 ( digitized version ).
personal data
SURNAME Schlosser, Friedrich Christoph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH November 17, 1776
PLACE OF BIRTH Jever
DATE OF DEATH September 23, 1861
Place of death Heidelberg