Upper center

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A regional center ( called the main center in Switzerland ) designates a central location ( main town ) of the highest level in spatial planning and economic geography ; only in Bavaria were two higher levels introduced in 2018, metropolis and regional center .

If a regional center is located outside a metropolitan region and is of outstanding importance for its surroundings, it can also be referred to as a regiopole .

National

Germany

The regional centers and other central locations are defined in the plans and programs of state and regional planning, which differ depending on the federal state . Upper centers are usually surrounded by several middle centers , which in turn are important for sub- centers . In addition to the basic needs and the periodic needs, specific needs can also be covered in regional centers. In addition to the infrastructure and services offered by the sub and medium-sized centers, this includes in particular:

• special department stores
• Specialty Shops
• Specialist clinics
• theatre
• Museums
• Technical colleges and universities
• Regional authorities

The exact functional equipment of regional centers is defined differently from federal state to federal state, and there are gradations in some federal states. There are high-level and lower-level main centers. There are also medium-sized centers with a central (partial) function that only have some of the required equipment and offers. Medium-sized centers with sub-functions of a regional center have to provide selected upper-central facilities for a larger integrated area as required. At the same time, they have to fulfill the supply tasks of central locations of middle and lower level and should have a corresponding range of facilities. There are also dual centers and city associations that only meet the requirements of a regional center if they complement each other. At the moment, according to the respective state planning, the largest city in the Federal Republic, which is neither itself a regional center nor part of a regional center, is Gelsenkirchen in North Rhine-Westphalia with approx.

Baden-Württemberg Regional centers: Freiburg in Breisgau Friedrichshafen - Ravensburg - Weingarten (regional centers with additional functions) Heidelberg Heilbronn Karlsruhe Constancy Lörrach - Weil am Rhein (double center) Mannheim (dual center with Ludwigshafen in Rhineland-Palatinate) Offenburg Pforzheim Stuttgart Tübingen - Reutlingen (dual center) Ulm (dual center with Neu-Ulm in Bavaria) Villingen-Schwenningen Medium centers with partial function of a regional center: Baden-Baden The East Württemberg region is the only region in Baden-Württemberg without a designated regional center. Here, the middle centers of Aalen , Ellwangen (Jagst) , Heidenheim an der Brenz and Schwäbisch Gmünd share the function of a regional center. Bavaria → Main article : List of metropolises, regional, upper and medium-sized centers in Bavaria Berlin / Brandenburg Regional centers: Berlin Brandenburg on the Havel cottbus Frankfurt (Oder) Potsdam Bremen Regional centers: Bremen Bremerhaven Hamburg Upper center: Hamburg Hamburg-Harburg (for the Cuxhaven - Stade - Lüneburg region ) Hesse Regional centers: Darmstadt Frankfurt am Main Fulda to water Hanau kassel Marburg Offenbach am Main Wetzlar Wiesbaden (dual center with Mainz in Rhineland-Palatinate) Medium centers with partial function of a regional center: Bad Hersfeld Friedberg (Hessen) - Bad Nauheim Limburg an der Lahn (dual center with Diez in Rhineland-Palatinate) Rüsselsheim am Main Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Regional centers: Neubrandenburg Rostock (Regiopole) Schwerin Stralsund - Greifswald (joint regional center) Medium-sized centers (city associations) with partial function of a regional center: Guestrow - Krakow am See - Teterow Neustrelitz - Waren (Müritz) - Röbel / Müritz Parchim - Ludwigslust - Hagenow Pasewalk - Torgelow - Ueckermünde Wismar Lower Saxony Regional centers: Celle Goettingen Hanover Hildesheim Luneburg Oldenburg Osnabrück Salzgitter - Braunschweig - Wolfsburg (in additional functions) Wilhelmshaven Medium centers with partial function of a regional center: Delmenhorst Emden Hamelin Langenhagen Lingen (Ems) Nordhorn

North Rhine-Westphalia Regional centers: Aachen Bielefeld Bochum Bonn Dortmund Dusseldorf Duisburg eat Hagen Cologne Krefeld Mönchengladbach Muenster Paderborn Wins Wuppertal Rhineland-Palatinate Regional centers: Kaiserslautern Koblenz Ludwigshafen (dual center with Mannheim in Baden-Württemberg) Mainz (dual center with Wiesbaden in Hesse) trier Medium centers with partial function of a regional center: Bad Kreuznach Diez (dual center with Limburg an der Lahn in Hesse) Landau in the Palatinate Speyer Worms Zweibrücken (dual center with Homburg in Saarland) Saarland Upper center: Saarbrücken Middle Centers: Blieskastel Dillingen Homburg (double center with Zweibrücken in Rhineland-Palatinate) Lebach Merzig Neunkirchen Saarlouis St. Ingbert St. Wendel Völklingen Waders Saxony Regional centers: Chemnitz Dresden Görlitz - Bautzen - Hoyerswerda ( Upper-Central City Association in additional functions) Leipzig Plauen Zwickau Saxony-Anhalt Regional centers: Halle (Saale) Dessau-Rosslau Magdeburg Medium centers with partial function of a regional center: Halberstadt Stendal Schleswig-Holstein Regional centers: Flensburg Kiel Lübeck Neumunster Thuringia Regional centers: Erfurt Gera Jena Medium centers with partial function of a regional center: Altenburg Eisenach Gotha Mühlhausen / Thuringia Nordhausen Weimar Dual center in Suhl and Zella-Mehlis City association Saalfeld , Rudolstadt and Bad Blankenburg

Austria

In Austria, the regional centers are divided into several ZO levels ( central location levels) depending on their function and equipment . As the federal capital, Vienna belongs to the highest level 8. The state capitals belong to either level 7 ( metropolitan areas - fully equipped) or 6 (supraregional centers - not fully equipped). Other supraregional centers (so-called quarter capitals) are assigned to level 5 and differ from level 6 only in that they are not state capitals. Medium centers have ZO level 4 (fully equipped) or 3 (not fully equipped).

Vienna Bregenz innsbruck Graz Salzburg Linz St. Polten Klagenfurt Eisenstadt Villach catfish Steyr Dornbirn Feldkirch Krems Wiener Neustadt Leoben Germany Italy Czech Republic Slovenia Hungary Switzerland SK

Map of the 17 regional centers (central locations) in Austria

Upper center of level 8: Federal capital Vienna Level 7 regional centers: Graz , Styria Linz , Upper Austria Salzburg , State of Salzburg Innsbruck , Tyrol Klagenfurt , Carinthia

Level 6 regional centers: Sankt Pölten , Lower Austria Bregenz , Vorarlberg Eisenstadt , Burgenland Level 5 regional centers: Krems , Lower Austria Wiener Neustadt , Lower Austria Wels , Upper Austria Steyr , Upper Austria Feldkirch , Vorarlberg Dornbirn , Vorarlberg Leoben , Styria Villach , Carinthia

Switzerland

These cities correspond to the main centers shown in the Swiss spatial concept of the Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE) (the term regional center is not particularly common in Switzerland).

• Basel ( Northwestern Switzerland )
• Bern
• Geneva
• Lausanne
• Lugano ( Ticino )
• Lucerne ( Central Switzerland )
• St. Gallen ( Eastern Switzerland )
• Winterthur
• Zurich

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ordinance amending the ordinance on the Bavarian State Development Program. Bavarian State Ministry of Finance, State Development and Homeland, February 21, 2018, accessed on July 18, 2018 . 
2. ↑ State development plans of the federal states
3. ↑ Central Places ( Memento from June 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
4. ↑ Federal Office for Spatial Development ARE: Spatial Concept Switzerland (Map 3)