Zweibrücken
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
|---|---|---|
|
Coordinates: 49 ° 15 ' N , 7 ° 22' E |
|
| Basic data | ||
| State : | Rhineland-Palatinate | |
| Height : | 300 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 70.64 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 34,193 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 484 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 66482 | |
| Primaries : | 06332, 06337 ( Mörsbach , Oberauerbach ) | |
| License plate : | ZW | |
| Community key : | 07 3 20 000 | |
| LOCODE : | DE TWO | |
| NUTS : | DEB3A | |
| City structure: | 5 districts | |
City administration address : |
Herzogstrasse 1 66482 Zweibrücken |
|
| Website : | ||
| Lord Mayor : | Marold Wosnitza ( SPD ) | |
| Location of Zweibrücken in Rhineland-Palatinate | ||
  |
||
Zweibrücken ( , French Deux-Ponts , Palatinate Zweebrigge ) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate . It is the seat of the Palatinate Higher Regional Court and with 34,193 inhabitants the smallest independent city in Germany .
geography
Geographical location
Zweibrücken is located in the West Palatinate on the Westrich plateau , right on the border with Saarland . After Pirmasens that on the western edge of the Palatine forest lies, is approximately 26 km, by Saarbrücken 40 km to Kaiserslautern km 55 (via the motorways A 8 and A 6 ). The Schwarzbach flows through Zweibrücken, which flows into the Blies west of Zweibrücken at Einöd , and the Hornbach , which rises near Bitsch and flows into the Schwarzbach in the urban area.
From the north to the south of the city it is 15 km, from the west to the east edge it is 10 km. The total area of Zweibrücken is 7,064 ha.
In the area of Zweibrücken there are numerous forests where rare species like the serviceberry find. In one of these forest areas stands one of the highest wild service trees in the world at 32.6 meters (status 1994).
Districts
In addition to the city center, Zweibrücken is divided into several districts. Bubenhausen and Ernstweiler were incorporated in 1926, Ixheim and Niederauerbach in 1938 , finally Mörsbach in the north in 1972 , Oberauerbach in the northeast, Rimschweiler in the south, Mittelbach-Hengstbach in the southwest and Wattweiler in the west of the city. According to the main statute of the city, the latter each form a local district.
climate
The annual precipitation is 860 mm. The precipitation is in the upper third of the values recorded in Germany. Lower values are registered at 73% of the measuring stations of the German Weather Service . The driest month is April, with the most rainfall in December. In December there is 1.5 times more rainfall than in April. Precipitation hardly varies and is evenly distributed over the year. Lower seasonal fluctuations are recorded at only 21% of the measuring stations .
history
middle Ages
The location and name of the city suggest that it was formed at a river crossing. An old salt road (probably part of today's main road) crossed the Schwarzbach here and was guarded by a castle belonging to the Counts of Saarbrücken . Castle and place had the same name. The name (initially Zweinbrücken and the like to mhd. Zwein and mhd. Brücke , Latin Geminus pons 'twin bridge ', see also Bipontum ) appears for the first time in an undated document between around 1174 and 1179 / 90 to the younger son Heinrich I , who founded the line of the Counts of Zweibrücken . In 1237 the bourgeois settlement is mentioned indirectly for the first time. In 1352 King Karl IV freed Count Walram II to the two cities of Zweibrücken and Hornbach according to Hagenau law. The last count from the younger line of Zweibrücken, Eberhard II. , Who had no descendants entitled to inheritance, sold the County of Zweibrücken in 1385 for 25,000 guilders to the Count Palatine near Rhine from the Palatinate line of the Wittelsbach family and received half of them back as a fief. After his death in 1394, the Electoral Palatinate moved into the settled fiefdom. In 1410 the newly formed principality Pfalz-Simmern-Zweibrücken was given this and other property. In 1470 parts of the city burned down. Already around the year 1488 was Jörg Gessler of letterpress introduced in Zweibrücken. In the period from 1493 to 1510, the city church was built by Philipp Steinmetz under Count Palatine Alexander .
Modern times
The princes of Pfalz-Zweibrücken were open to the evangelical movement. German preaching has been taking place in the town church since the 1520s. Duke Wolfgang founded a state school in Hornbach in 1559 , from which the Herzog-Wolfgang-Gymnasium emerged . In the period around 1585, the older ducal castle with a castle mill and library ( Bibliotheca Bipontina ) was built.
In 1584 the ducal mint was relocated to Zweibrücken and a new mint building was built. Under Johann the Younger , the coins minted in Zweibrücken reached their highest quality, but with his death in 1635, during the Thirty Years' War , Zweibrücken's time as a mint came to an end.
After that, the city was involved in armed conflicts several times, for the first time in the year of Johann's death: in 1635 Matthias Gallas led the imperial troops against the city, which, however , could be defended and held by Reinhold von Rosen . Then a second time in 1677. As part of the reunion policy of the Sun King , the city came under French rule for a time (1680–1697).
Under Duke Gustav Samuel Leopold , the construction of the still existing Ducal Palace was carried out by the builder Jonas Erikson Sundahl from 1720 to 1725 . Duke Christian IV founded the Zweibrücken stud in 1755 . Nicolas Appert , inventor of canned food, was an officer of Duke Christian IV from 1772 to 1775.
French and Bavarian time
After 1792, during the First Coalition War , Zweibrücken was occupied by French revolutionary troops like the entire Left Bank of the Rhine , and the occupied area was subsequently annexed . In 1798, the French directorate reorganized the administration based on the French model. Zweibrücken became the main town ( chef-lieu ) of an arrondissement and a canton and belonged to the Donnersberg department (French: Département du Mont-Tonnerre ) from 1798 to 1814 .
After the Allies had regained possession of the left bank of the Rhine in January 1814, the Donnersberg department and thus Zweibrücken became part of the provisional Generalgouvernement Mittelrhein in February 1814 . After the Peace of Paris in May 1814, Zweibrücken was assigned to the newly formed Community Land Administration Commission, which was under the administration of Austria and Bavaria .
Due to the agreements made at the Congress of Vienna , the area became part of Austria in June 1815 . On April 14, 1816, a treaty was signed between Austria and Bavaria in which an exchange of different national territories was agreed. The Austrian areas on the left bank of the Rhine were ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria on May 1, 1816 . Zweibrücken now belonged in the newly created Rhine district to the Zweibrücken district formed from the previous arrondissement. After the subdivision of the districts into land commissioners (1818), Zweibrücken belonged to the land commissioner of the same name .
Zweibrücken then became the seat of the Royal Bavarian Court of Appeal (today the Higher Regional Court ). In March 1832, Zweibrücken played an important role in the German democracy movement. Among other things , the Hambach Festival was organized in Zweibrücken by the German Press and Fatherland Association founded by Philipp Jakob Siebenpfeiffer and Johann Georg August Wirth . Industrialization began in Zweibrücken in 1834 when Christian Dingler founded the Dingler'schen machine factory . In 1857 it was connected to the railroad.
Until World War II
In 1920, Zweibrücken was spun off as a district direct city (today a district-free city ) from the Landkommissariat Zweibrücken .
The last major social event before the First World War was the inauguration of the Zweibrücken rose garden by Princess Hildegard of Bavaria in June 1914. As a result of the First World War, Zweibrücken was occupied by French troops between 1918 and 1930 . In 1926 the current districts of Bubenhausen and Ernstweiler were incorporated, in 1938 Ixheim and Niederauerbach .
The Zweibrück synagogue was also destroyed during the Reichspogromnacht in 1938 . In October 1940 the Jews still living in Zweibrücken were deported to the Gurs camp in southern France as part of the " Wagner-Bürckel-Aktion ", the first large-scale deportation measure in the Third Reich .
At the beginning of the Second World War , the city was evacuated from 1939 to 1940 because it was in the so-called Red Zone . From September to November 1944, the civilian population was again largely evacuated. Shortly before the end of the war, Zweibrücken was almost completely destroyed on March 14, 1945 by a bomb attack by the British Royal Air Force and the Royal Canadian Air Force . With over 80% destruction, it was one of the most heavily destroyed cities in Germany . On March 20, American ground troops reached Zweibrücken. The largest air raid on Zweibrücken on March 14, 1945 is still popularly known today as "Black Wednesday".
After the Second World War
After the Second World War , the city became part of the French occupation zone . The establishment of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate was ordered on August 30, 1946 as the last state in the western occupation zones by decree No. 57 of the French military government under General Marie-Pierre Kœnig . It was initially referred to as the "Rhineland-Palatinate Land" or "Land Rheinpfalz"; the name Rhineland-Palatinate was only established with the constitution of May 18, 1947.
On April 22, 1972, the communities Mittelbach-Hengstbach, Mörsbach, Oberauerbach, Rimschweiler and Wattweiler were incorporated; on June 7, 1969, Hengstbach and Mittelbach were merged to form the community of Mittelbach-Hengstbach. Zweibrücken became the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Zweibrücken-Land, which was formed from parts of the former district of Zweibrücken .
In 1976, a small pedestrian zone was set up in the center of the city , with some restored old buildings.
In 1986 two US Air Force jets of the type McDonnell Douglas F-15 collided over Rimschweiler . A pilot and a villager were killed.
In 1987 the old-language oriented Herzog-Wolfgang-Gymnasium , founded in 1559 and thus one of the oldest grammar schools in Germany, was dissolved and merged with the mathematical and natural science Helmholtz-Gymnasium , which then maintained an old-language branch for a few years.
In 1990 Zweibrücken became a conversion case . With the withdrawal of the Americans, a military area was vacated, which corresponded to a third of the total city area. As a result of the job losses, the unemployment rate increased by 10 points to around 21%. This resulted in a drop in retail demand of around 25%.
politics
City council
The city council of Zweibrücken consists of 40 honorary council members, who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 , and the full-time mayor as chairman.
Because of the special features of the Rhineland-Palatinate electoral system in local elections (personalized proportional representation), the percentages given are shown as weighted results that only represent the voting behavior in arithmetic.
The parties and voter groups achieved the following results:
| Parties and groups of voters | % 2019 |
Seats 2019 |
% 2014 |
Seats 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPD | 27.6 | 11 | 34.7 | 14th |
| CDU | 27.4 | 11 | 29.4 | 12 |
| GREEN | 12.7 | 5 | 11.4 | 4th |
| FWG | 9.7 | 4th | 6.7 | 3 |
| AfD | 9.1 | 4th | 5.1 | 2 |
| FDP | 5.6 | 2 | 6.0 | 2 |
| THE LEFT. | 3.5 | 1 | 6.7 | 3 |
| The party | 2.5 | 1 | - | - |
| WGS | 1.8 | 1 | - | - |
| total | 100.0 | 40 | 100.0 | 40 |
| Voter turnout in% | 50.2 | 42.7 | ||
- WGS = Schneider voter group (ZW)
mayor
Kurt Pirmann (SPD) was elected Lord Mayor of the city on September 4, 2011 in the first ballot with 56.9% of the votes against the independent applicant and incumbent Helmut Reichling (CDU) . In 2012 the mayor's office was also filled. The previous alderman Rolf Franzen (CDU) was elected as his successor. On June 25, 2018, Pirmann died at the age of 63 in the Nardini-Klinikum St. Elisabeth in Zweibrücken.
The representative in office was Christian Gauf (CDU), who lost to Marold Wosnitza (SPD, 56.1%) in the runoff election for the office of mayor on October 14, 2018 . Wosnitza took office in December of that year.
Arbitrators
Previous arbitrators in the city were or are currently:
- 1972–1981: Fritz Presl
- 1981-2010: Fritz Schmidt
- 2010–2015: Jörg Eschmann
- 2015–2018: Christian Fochs
- since 2018: Norbert Pohlmann
Local councils
In Zweibrücken five local districts with corresponding local councils have been set up:
- Mittelbach (15 members)
- Mörsbach (11 members)
- Oberauerbach (11 members)
- Rimschweiler (15 members)
- Wattweiler (11 members)
The local districts comprise the areas of the former municipalities that were incorporated in 1972.
coat of arms
|
|
Blazon : "In gold, a blue armored and tongued red lion, in the middle covered with a blue three-legged tournament collar ." |
| Justification of the coat of arms: The tournament collar serves as a heraldic symbol of the younger line of the Counts of Zweibrücken . While the seals of the Walramids show him in the upper half of the shield (on the lion's neck), he is in the middle of the shield in the modern coat of arms of the city of Zweibrücken (on the lion's belly) and is supposed to allude to the name "Zweibrücken" by today's viewer saw a twin bridge in it. |
Town twinning
Boulogne-sur-Mer ( France ), since 1959 Yorktown ( Virginia , USA ), since 1978 Nyakizu ( Rwanda ), since 1982 Barrie ( Canada ), since 1996
Culture, religion and sights
The city of Zweibrücken is represented by the Rose Queen on various cultural events; it is re-elected every two years.
Denomination statistics
According to the 2011 census, Protestants were the largest denominational group with 49.2% of the population. Catholics made up 27.3% of the population. 23.5% belonged to another or no religion. The number of Protestants and Catholics has fallen since then. Currently (as of February 29, 2020) 24.8% of the population are Roman Catholic, 41.2% Protestant and 34.0% are non-denominational or belong to another religious community.
Museums
The Zweibrücken City Museum documents the eventful history of the city of Zweibrücken in a permanent exhibition in the former home of the court gardener Ernst August Bernhard Petri . In addition, special exhibitions take place regularly, e.g. B. on the 200th anniversary of the state stud.
Libraries
The Bibliotheca Bipontina Zweibrücken is a scientific regional library in Zweibrücken, the holdings of which are mainly based on rescued parts of the ducal libraries and which therefore partly houses very valuable first editions from the 16th century. It is part of the Rhineland-Palatinate State Library Center and one of the most important existing libraries in the state. The Bibliotheca Bipontina is located in the building of the Helmholtz grammar school in Zweibrücken. The Zweibrücken city library , which has been in existence since 1903 and has around 50,000 volumes, can be found in an outbuilding of the town hall . Branches are the youth library and the Rimschweiler branch.
Buildings
- Castle - The Duke's Castle in Zweibrücken - built in its current form in 1725 - is the largest secular building in the Palatinate in the baroque style of the Nordic region. It was built in 1720–1725 by master builder Jonas Erikson Sundahl and is the former residential palace of the Dukes of Zweibrücken. The residential palace , which was destroyed in World War II , was rebuilt in 1965; today it is the seat of the Palatinate Higher Regional Court .
- Herzogvorstadt - The so-called Herzogvorstadt consists of several baroque buildings that were built between 1762 and 1772 . The entire system goes back to plans by Christian Ludwig Hautt . The buildings, which were not destroyed in the last war, house the city administration, the district and regional court, the city archive and the city museum.
- Alexanderskirche - The Alexanderskirche is a late Gothic Protestant hall church whose construction began in 1493 and is the oldest church in Zweibrücken.
- Karlskirche - The Karlskirche was built in the period from 1708 to 1711 on behalf of the Swedish King Karl XII. built in his capacity as Duke of Zweibrücken by the builder Haquinus Schlang from Sweden. After the destruction in World War II, it was rebuilt as a community center on the basis of the original plans and re-inaugurated on November 1, 1970.
- Holy Cross Church - The third church in the city center is the Holy Cross Church and was built much later than the other two churches.
- Gasthaus "Zum Hirsch" - The former inn is the oldest house in the city center.
- Villa Ipser - The built in 1908 for a shoe manufacturer Villa Ipser lies on Rothenberg and shows a typical time späthistoristische architecture with distinct Art Nouveau influences.
- Zweibrücken tunnel and rock cellar (overview of the tunnel and cellar systems in Zweibrücken)
- Himmelsbergstollen - The Himmelsbergstollen is a cellar system carved into the sandstone on Himmelsberg, in the southern part of the city center.
Parks
- Europe's rose garden - The rose garden is a park of over 50,000 m² and is one of the largest gardens in Europe. Over 60,000 roses of 2,000 different varieties can be seen in the park. Zweibrücken is entitled to use the name Rosenstadt .
- Wild rose garden - As a counterpart to Europe's rose garden, the city of Zweibrücken and the Oskar Scheerer Foundationcreated a wild rose garden in1974–1976 on the site of the former pleasure palace of the Polish king Stanislaus Leszczynski in the Fasanerie recreation area. The two gardens are connected by the "Rosenweg", an approx. 2.5 km long cycle, hiking and walking path. The wild rose garden is a living rose museum. On the approximately 2 hectare area, wild, park and shrub roses bloom in almost 1000 species, including several old varieties.
- Pheasantry - The pheasantry was established by Charles XII. , King of Sweden and Duke of Zweibrücken, made available as a place of asylum from 1714 to 1719. Stanislaus gave the summer palace in the Turkish style the name Tschifflik (country house). Duke Christian IV had the pheasant garden laid out after 1740. According to plans by Stella Junker-Mielke , the system was largely renewed by May 2008. It is considered the largest baroque garden north of the Alps. Further restoration steps are planned for the coming years.
Horse breeding
The Zweibrücken state stud is the state stud of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It provides stallions for breeding and operates an insemination station. The establishment of the stud and the breeding of the "Zweibrücker" go back to the reign of Christian IV. The sponsor is now a foundation.
sport and freetime
Zweibrücken offers both residents and visitors an attractive recreational area with numerous opportunities for recreational activities. Cyclists also get their money's worth in Zweibrücken. This is ensured by a well-developed and widely branched network of cycle paths. The urban area is supplied in the area of public transport. The individual parts of the city are connected by bus lines.
There are over 4,000 parking spaces available in the city center. More than 400 clubs offer numerous opportunities for activity. The motorcycle grass track races of the MSC Zweibrücken, with the special run for the Silver Rose of the Palatinate, on the grass race track that was once 1,008 m long and now has been shortened to 650 m length, are known nationwide in sport.
Economy and Infrastructure
In 2016, Zweibrücken achieved a gross domestic product (GDP) of € 1.591 billion within the city limits . In the same year, GDP per capita was € 45,454 (Rhineland-Palatinate: € 34,118, Germany € 38,180) and was thus above the regional and national average. The GDP per labor force is € 70,088. In 2016, around 22,300 people were employed in the city. The unemployment rate in December 2018 was 5.5% and thus above the average for Rhineland-Palatinate of 4.1%.
traffic
Road traffic
Zweibrücken is located directly on the federal highway 8 and is thus connected to the federal highway 6 ( Saarbrücken - Waidhaus ), the federal highway 62 ( Nonnweiler - Pirmasens ) and the federal highway 10 (Pirmasens - Landau in der Pfalz ).
Rail transport
Zweibrücken is connected to the Landau – Rohrbach railway line and via this line to the Rhineland-Palatinate cycle . The regional train line 68 to Saarbrücken or Pirmasens stops every hour in Zweibrücken Hauptbahnhof (main station), with the option to change trains in Pirmasens Nord to Landau or Kaiserslautern.
The oldest railway connection in Zweibrücken started in 1857 from Homburg on the Homburg – Zweibrücken railway to the Palatinate Ludwig Railway . In 1875 the gap to Landau was closed after trains had already been running between Landau and Annweiler in 1874 . This connection was discontinued on May 28, 1989.
The R7 regional bus from Saar-Mobil GmbH runs every 30 minutes on weekdays between Homburg and Zweibrücken .
A reactivation of the line in the form of an S-Bahn has been considered since 2006. In a representative survey, 92 percent of the population spoke out in favor of this. The S-Bahn line 1 of the Rhein-Neckar transport association is currently at its final station in Homburg Hbf about 30 to 50 minutes before it begins its return journey and could serve the Bliesgau as a "natural destination" and biosphere reserve without any time bottlenecks.
This project would have significant advantages not only for the city of roses, but for the entire Saar- / Westpfalz region. A report prepared in 2005/2006 showed investment costs of around 11.4 million euros, operating costs of around 800,000 euros and determined a positive cost-benefit factor of 1.38.
In September 2013, a preliminary draft plan (cost around 700,000 euros), commissioned jointly by Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, was published, which also included a soil sample analysis for the electrification. In March 2015, a cost-benefit study (NKU) based on this was published which, compared with the investment costs of around 28.8 million euros, certifies the project had a positive "monetary benefit" of 1.24 and operating costs of around 1, Estimated 3 million euros. In a first joint meeting of representatives from both federal states with the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (VRN), an agreement was reached on the allocation of construction costs and further planning steps were agreed. A detailed plan should now pave the way for a plan approval procedure. A major obstacle to rapid project implementation is the revision dispute over regionalization funds and the uncertain future of the Municipal Transport Financing Act . Furthermore, the Hornbachbahn branched off from Zweibrücken to Brenschelbach .
Zweibrücker Hauptbahnhof has three operating tracks and is assigned to station category 5 .
Transportation
The transport company Zweibrücken GmbH , which belongs to the Rhenus Veniro Group, serves inner-city traffic . This company serves the entire city area with six bus routes. 16 public buses, including three articulated buses, are available for this purpose. The company is integrated into the Rhein-Neckar transport association .
Air traffic
Zweibrücken has its own airfield with a runway that is almost 3 kilometers long. An application for bankruptcy was filed for the airport in July 2014. On November 3, 2014, the airport ceased operations for scheduled flights.
media
In Zweibrücken, the Palatinate Merkur , which was founded in 1713, and Die Rheinpfalz with an independent regional section for Zweibrücken appear daily . There is also a local TV station in Zweibrücken called Südwestpfalz-TV ( Open Channel ). This reports daily on local and national events. Since October 2012, Antenne Zweibrücken has been broadcasting a local radio program for the city with information from the region on the frequency 91.6 MHz.
education
In the course of the conversion measures after the withdrawal of the Americans, a technical college was built in 1993 on the former military site on Zweibrücker Kreuzberg. The housing situation at the university also benefits from the former military site through the creation of numerous apartments directly on site on the Kreuzberg. The University of Applied Sciences was affiliated to the Rhineland-Palatinate University of Applied Sciences in 1994 as a branch. In 1996 the branches in Kaiserslautern, Pirmasens and Zweibrücken were merged to form the Kaiserslautern University of Applied Sciences. The " Computer Science and Microsystem Technology " and " Business Administration " departments are located at the Zweibrücken location . The Zweibrücken public observatory has been located on campus since 2002 .
In September 2014 the University of Applied Sciences was renamed Kaiserslautern University of Applied Sciences . In the 2016/17 winter semester, 2744 students were enrolled at the location.
Zweibrücken has two high schools ( Helmholtz-Gymnasium and Hofenfels-Gymnasium), two Realschulen plus (Mannlich-Realschule Plus and Herzog-Wolfgang-Realschule Plus) and eight elementary schools (Albert Schweitzer Elementary School, Breitwiesen Elementary School, Hilgard Elementary School, Ixheim Elementary School, Pestalozzi Elementary School, Mittelbach Elementary School, Sechsmorgen Elementary School and Rimschweiler Elementary School). At the vocational school in Zweibrücken, the Ignaz-Roth-Schule, all degrees from vocational qualification to general university entrance qualification are possible. There is also a college for geriatric care and dual vocational training in all fields. The historically noteworthy old-language Herzog-Wolfgang-Gymnasium was merged with the Helmholtz-Gymnasium in the 1980s. There is also a municipal and several private music schools, a community college and a youth art school.
Companies
One of the largest employers in Zweibrücken is the traditional metal construction company Tadano Demag , which emerged from the former Dingler works. Zweibrücken is also home to a plant belonging to the agricultural machinery manufacturer John Deere . After the withdrawal of the American troops, an outlet center was opened in 2001 on the former site of the military airfield. With a total sales area of 21,000 m² and over 120 shops, the Zweibrücken Fashion Outlet is now one of the largest factory outlet centers in Germany. The outlet center, operated by the Neinver Group since 2009 , recorded around 3.3 million visitors in 2011.
The conversion of the aviation infrastructure into a civil airport received substantial public funding. After years of stagnation, a clear upswing began in 2006. The airline TUIfly , which had previously flown from Saarbrücken Airport , offered a number of destinations in the Mediterranean region until the beginning of November 2014. Germanwings flew to and from Berlin twice a day until January 10, 2011; the company justified the cancellation of the route with an expected drop in passenger numbers due to the air traffic tax . In addition, a number of companies from different areas of civil aviation and a technology park (Multimedia-Internet-Park Zweibrücken, MIPZ), a cooperation of the state with the company United Internet , which is primarily intended as a start-up center for start-up companies, have been in existence for several years , present on the premises.
In 2003, the armatures factory Pörringer & Schindler, which was considered to be one of the traditional Zweibrücken companies, went bankrupt. A new shopping center, the Hilgardcenter, was built on the premises of this company in 2007.
Zweibrücken was the seat of the Dorndorf shoe factory and its successor Schuh-Union AG.
Judiciary
Zweibrücken had been an important administrative center and seat of various legal institutions since 1814/16. So it still exists today
- the district court of Zweibrücken
- the district court of Zweibrücken
- the higher regional court of Zweibrücken
- the Zweibrücken correctional facility
- the Palatinate Bar Association in Zweibrücken
Personalities
The city's original is "'s Zweebrigger Luiche" (the Zweibrücker Louis), a servant to whom a monument by the Zweibrücken sculptor Gerd Dehof in front of the Alexander Church is dedicated. The real name was "'s Luiche" Ludwig Arnold. Ludwig corresponds to the French first name Louis.
military
From 1757 to 1791 the Royal Deux-Ponts regiment was stationed in Zweibrücken . It took part with the expedition corps led by Marshal Rochambeau from 1780 to 1783 in the American War of Independence . In 1781 the Zweibrücker troops played a key role in the battle of Yorktown . In this battle they conquered the fortification "Redoute 9". Since 1978 there has been a twinning between Zweibrücken and the US city of Yorktown , Virginia .
As a result of the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy of Pfalz-Zweibrücken became part of Bavaria in 1815 , and the Royal Bavarian Infantry Regiment "Prince Wilhelm von Hohenzollern" No. 22 was stationed in Zweibrücken. Due to its proximity to the border with France , Zweibrücken always had an important strategic importance after the Franco-German War . Therefore, several barracks were built in Zweibrücken, the Red Barracks, the White Barracks and the Niederauerbach Barracks . The Red Barracks was demolished in the 1950s.
These were used by the Bavarian Army after the establishment of the Reich and from 1921 by the Reichswehr . The area around Zweibrücken was integrated into the Siegfried Line during World War II . You can still find bunkers around Zweibrücken today. Most, however, are almost completely blown up. In the post-war period , French occupation troops were initially stationed in Zweibrücken, which stayed until 1977. The French began building a military airfield near Zweibrücken in 1951. This was handed over to the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1953 . After the withdrawal of Canadians in 1969 took over the United States Air Force Airport Zweibrücken Air Base .
The US Army had been stationed in Zweibrücken in the Kreuzberg barracks since 1952 . In addition, she also had many small properties. The “White Barracks” and the “Red Barracks” site have also been used by the US Army. At times, an estimated 9,000 US citizens lived in the city of 38,000. After the fall of the GDR , the US troops were gradually withdrawn from Zweibrücken. The last units left the city in 1994. This means that Zweibrücken, which in 1956 also became a Bundeswehr base and thus a four-garrison town until 1969, is one of the German towns that had to deal intensively with the conversion of military facilities into civil ones. The White Barracks are to be converted into a civil residential area. The Kreuzberg barracks was expanded into a technical college location at the end of the 1990s.
One of the largest European factory sales centers has settled on the airport site. The then Zweibrücken Airport was used as a civil airport until November 2014 and now serves as a special landing pad .
The Niederauerbach barracks have been used by the Bundeswehr since it was founded. In 2017, parts of the 26th Paratrooper Regiment of Airborne Brigade 1 were stationed there.
In November 2011 the city took over the ship sponsorship for the U 35 of the German Navy . The Dinglerwerke Aktiengesellschaft Two Bridges had the floodgates for Wilhelmshaven naval port and boilers built for German Navy ships. In the company, Wilhelm Bauer worked on the construction plans for the world's first maneuverable submarine . Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe , the developer of the gyro compass , was born in Zweibrücken.
panorama
literature
- Julius Dahl / Karl Lohmeyer: The baroque Zweibrücken and his masters , 2., ext. Ed., In Komm.G. Hornberger, Waldfischbach / Pfalz 1957.
- Literature about Zweibrücken in the Rhineland-Palatinate State Bibliography
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
- ↑ Main Articles of Association , accessed on June 9, 2018
- ^ Carl Pöhlmann: Regesten der Graf von Zweibrücken from the Zweibrücken line , edited by Anton Doll, Speyer 1962, p. 3, no. 5.
- ↑ a b Dinglerwerke AG
- ↑ Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz in connection with the Landesarchiv Saarbrücken (ed.): Documentation on the history of the Jewish population in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland from 1800 to 1945. Vol. 7: Documents des Gedenkens, Koblenz 1974, pp. 119–192 .
- ↑ Zweibrücken 600 Years of the City , published on behalf of the Zweibrücken city administration by the Zweibrücken Historical Association, Zweibrücken 1952, p. 347.
- ^ Official Journal of the French High Command in Germany, No. 35 (1946), p. 292
- ^ Full text of the constitution of May 18, 1947
- ↑ Official municipality directory (= State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate [Hrsg.]: Statistical volumes . Volume 407 ). Bad Ems February 2016, p. 183 (PDF; 2.8 MB; see also footnote 78, p. 185).
- ↑ Explanation by the Land Returning Officer on weighted results.
- ^ Result of the election at the regional returning officer Rhineland-Palatinate
- ^ Pfälzischer Merkur from September 2, 2010: Arbitrator Fritz Schmidt receives city badge . On-line
- ↑ Palatine Mercury from September 14, 2015.
- ↑ Carl Pöhlmann: Regesten der Graf von Zweibrücken from the Zweibrücken line , edited by Anton Doll, Speyer 1962, p. XXVII, fig. 12, p. XXIX, fig. 18-20, p. XXX, fig. 22-25.
- ↑ Results of the 2011 census City of Zweibrücken Population by religion -in%
- ↑ City of ZWEIBRÜCKEN Leaving the Protestant church increased
- ↑ Dwindling membership: The alarm bells are ringing at Zweibrücken churches
- ^ District- free city of Zweibrücken, municipal statistics as of: February 29, 2020 , accessed on March 20, 2020
- ↑ Current results - VGR dL. Retrieved January 7, 2019 .
- ^ Federal State of Rhineland-Palatinate. Federal Employment Agency, accessed on January 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Reactivation of the local rail transport route Homburg - Zweibrücken and inclusion in the S-Bahn-Rhein-Neckar ( Memento from July 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Association for the Promotion of Rail Transport in and around Zweibrücken e. V.
- ↑ Last start at Zweibrücken Airport - 75 employees have to leave. Focus-Online, November 3, 2014, accessed on November 3, 2014 .
- ↑ Online presence antenna Zweibrücken. January 5, 2016, accessed January 5, 2016 .
- ^ University of Kaiserslautern: Numbers and facts .
- ↑ Jürgen E. Kratzmann: Offspring for the German Navy - U 35. First submarine of the 2nd lot of class 212A christened . Marineforum 1/2 (2012), pp. 14-17.
Districts:
Ahrweiler |
Altenkirchen (Westerwald) |
Alzey-Worms |
Bad Dürkheim |
Bad Kreuznach |
Bernkastel-Wittlich |
Birkenfeld |
Cochem cell |
Donnersbergkreis |
Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |
Germersheim |
Kaiserslautern |
Kusel |
Mainz-Bingen |
Mayen-Koblenz |
Neuwied |
Rhine-Hunsrück District |
Rhein-Lahn district |
Rhine-Palatinate District |
Southern Wine Route |
Southwest Palatinate |
Trier-Saarburg |
Vulkaneifel |
Westerwaldkreis
Independent cities:
Frankenthal (Pfalz) |
Kaiserslautern |
Koblenz |
Landau in the Palatinate |
Ludwigshafen am Rhein |
Mainz |
Neustadt an der Weinstrasse |
Pirmasens |
Speyer |
Trier |
Worms |
Zweibrücken