Wolfgang (Pfalz-Zweibrücken)
Wolfgang von Pfalz-Zweibrücken (born September 26, 1526 in Zweibrücken , † June 11, 1569 in Nexon ) was from 1532 Count Palatine and Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken , and from 1557 also Duke of Pfalz-Neuburg .
Origin and dynastic circumstances
His father was Ludwig II of Pfalz-Zweibrücken and his mother Elisabeth of Hesse (the daughter of Wilhelm the Elder of Hesse ). Up to the age of majority in 1543, the younger brother of his father, Ruprecht , led the regency. Then the line in Pfalz-Zweibrücken was split with Wolfgang and Pfalz-Veldenz , which Ruprecht received.
In the fall of 1543, considerations were made about a marriage between Duke Wolfgang and Anna Walburga von Neuenahr (1522–1600), but this did not lead to any result. In 1545 he married Anna von Hessen , the daughter of Philip the magnanimous .
In 1557 he received the Young Palatinate with Neuburg on the Danube in accordance with the provisions of the Heidelberg Treaty , which had been concluded in 1553 between the various lines of the House of Wittelsbach , from Elector Ottheinrich of the Palatinate . With Wolfgang's death, the line split again into the lines Pfalz-Neuburg-Hilpoltstein , Pfalz-Zweibrücken , Pfalz-Sulzbach , Pfalz-Parkstein and Pfalz-Birkenfeld . His grave is in the Protestant castle church of Meisenheim .
The Electors of the Palatinate from the Palatinate-Neuburg line , who ruled the Palatinate from 1685–1742, and their successors from the Palatinate-Sulzbach line , which then ruled until 1799, are descended from Wolfgang through his son Philipp Ludwig . Through his son Karl, he became the progenitor of the Palatinate-Birkenfeld line, which ruled all areas of the Wittelsbach family from 1799 and from which the Bavarian kings come. All Wittelsbachers living today therefore descend from Wolfgang.
Act
Wolfgang was a staunch Protestant . So he tried to resist the re-Catholicization of Germany through the Augsburg Interim 1548–1552. After the Peace of Augsburg in 1555, he issued one of the major and decisive church ordinances in Germany in 1557 , which was adopted in other German principalities . The first Protestant hymn book that was officially published in southwest Germany was also part of this church order .
In 1566 Wolfgang took part in the Turkish War as an imperial cavalry officer. In 1569 he led a mercenary army from Hochfelden from Alsace through Burgundy and central France to the Limousin to assist the French Huguenots under the Prince of Condé in the Third Huguenot War. Duke Wolfgang fell ill during the campaign and died in the camp in Nexon.
The embalmed corpse of Duke Wolfgang was first buried in Angoulême by order of Admiral Gaspard II. De Coligny , then in 1571 after the Peace of Saint-Germain (1570) from Cognac via La Rochelle on a Luebian ship through the English Channel and the Oresund with a stay in Copenhagen to Lübeck and from there to Meisenheim for burial. On the way the coffin was laid out in churches in Lübeck, Wolfenbüttel, Münden and Kassel, and funeral services were held. The Lübeck city council, Duke Julius of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Duke Erich II of Braunschweig-Calenberg-Göttingen and Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hessen-Kassel personally paid their respects to the deceased.
Offspring from the marriage with Anna
- Christine (1546-1619)
- Philipp Ludwig (1547–1614), Count Palatine and Duke of Pfalz-Neuburg
- ⚭ 1574 Princess Anna of Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1552–1632)
- Johann I (1550–1604), Count Palatine and Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken
- ⚭ 1579 Princess Magdalena of Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1553–1633)
- Dorothea Agnes (1551–1552)
- Elisabeth (1553–1554)
- Anna (1554–1576)
- Elisabeth (1555-1625)
- Otto Heinrich (1556–1604), Count Palatinate and Duke of Pfalz-Sulzbach
- ⚭ 1582 Princess Dorothea Marie of Württemberg (1559–1639)
- Friedrich (1557–1597), Count Palatinate and Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauß-Parkstein
- ⚭ 1587 Princess Katharina Sophie von Liegnitz (1561–1608)
- Barbara (1559-1618)
- ⚭ 1591 Count Gottfried zu Oettingen-Oettingen (1554–1622)
- Karl I (1560–1600), Count Palatine and Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
- ⚭ 1586 Princess Dorothea Maria of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1570–1649)
- Maria Elisabeth (1561–1629)
- ⚭ 1585 Count Emich XII. from Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg (1562–1607)
- Susanna (1564-1565)
literature
- Julius Ney: Wolfgang, Count Palatine, Duke of Zweibrücken and Neuburg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 44, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 76-87.
- Julius Ney: Count Palatine Wolfgang, Duke of Zweibrücken and Neuburg . (Writings of the Association for Reformation History 106/107). Rudolf Haupt, Leipzig 1911, pp. 1–124 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
- Biographies and personal work on Count Palatine Wolfgang von Zweibrücken
Web links
- Works by and about Wolfgang in the German Digital Library
- For the return of the body of her husband, Duke Wolfgang von Zweibrücken (1526–1569), by Anna von Hessen ( Memento from June 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- Protestant church ordinances of the 16th century. In: Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. Retrieved December 29, 2018 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (holdings 3 Political Archives of Landgrave Philipp the Magnanimous, No. 2427 and 2447).
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Ludwig II. |
Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken 1532–1569 |
Johann I. |
| Ludwig II. |
Count of Pfalz-Veldenz 1543–1569 |
Ruprecht |
| Ottheinrich |
Duke of Pfalz-Neuburg 1557–1569 |
Philipp Ludwig |
| - |
Duke of Pfalz-Parkstein 1548–1569 |
Friedrich |
| - |
Duke of Pfalz-Birkenfeld 1548–1569 |
Charles I. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | wolfgang |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Pfalz-Zweibrücken, Wolfgang von (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 26, 1526 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Zweibrücken |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 11, 1569 |
| Place of death | Nexon |