Anna von Jülich-Kleve-Berg

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Anna von Jülich-Kleve-Berg , engraving by Crispin de Passe the Elder

Anna von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (born March 1, 1552 in Kleve , † October 16, 1632 in Höchstädt an der Donau ) was a Countess Palatine near the Rhine in Neuburg by marriage .

Life

Anna was the second oldest daughter of Duke Wilhelm of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and his wife Maria von Habsburg , a daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I born to Kleve. She grew up at the Düsseldorf court , which was characterized by religious indifference. While the princes there received a Catholic education, the princesses were introduced to the Protestant faith by Amalia , the duke's unmarried sister, who professed Lutheran doctrine .

When Anna married Prince Philipp Ludwig von Pfalz-Zweibrücken , the eldest son of Duke Wolfgang von Pfalz-Zweibrücken , on September 27, 1574 , there were initially doubts about her religious identity, which however subsided at the beginning of the 40-year marriage . On a denominational level, Anna seemed to have agreed with her husband. As a Wittum , she was given a marriage contract to Höchstädt and Liezheim .

As Anna was a daughter of the Duke of Jülich-Kleve-Berg who was entitled to inheritance due to a privilege granted by Emperor Karl V in 1546 when his niece Maria von Habsburg married, she was considered a "good match" alongside her sisters. Because of this privilege, Anna's husband Philipp Ludwig, Prince of Pfalz-Neuburg since 1569 , asserted a claim to the inheritance in all Jülich-Kleve-Berg countries in 1609, when Jülich-Kleve-Berg died out as a male due to the death of Johann Wilhelm . However, because Anna's sisters, who had married into other ruling families, justified an inheritance claim through the same privilege of Charles V, the Jülich-Klevian succession dispute broke out . In this dispute Anna's eldest son, Wolfgang Wilhelm , championed the Palatinate-Neuburg claims. In 1614 Wolfgang Wilhelm - after a denominational and political change to the side of the Catholic League - reached a provisional solution in the Treaty of Xanten with the Brandenburg Elector Johann Sigismund , according to which Pfalz-Neuburg could secure the rule over the duchies of Jülich and Berg for himself.

Anna, who remained faithful to the Lutheran creed until her death in 1632, did not lack maternal admonitions because of her son's conversion. Her widow's residence was Höchstädt Castle . Due to an incursion by Swedish troops in the course of the Thirty Years' War and subsequent religious disputes, Anna did not find her final resting place until 1633, together with eight other members of the princely family, in the princely crypt of the church of St. Martin in Lauingen (Danube) , the burial place of the house Pfalz-Neuburg.

There is a statue of Anna in the courtyard of the Neuburg Palace . The engraver Crispin de Passe the Elder made a portrait of the princess, preserved in the City Museum of the State Capital Düsseldorf . An oil painting by an unknown painter shows Anna in 1577.

progeny

With her husband Philipp Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg , Anna had four daughters and four sons:

literature

  • Andreas Thiele: Narrative genealogical family tables on European history . Volume I, Part 2: German imperial, royal, ducal and count houses II . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1994, plate 485
  • Siegrid Westphal: Conversion and commitment. Denominational fields of activity of the princess widow Anna in the course of the re-Catholicization of Pfalz-Neuburg between 1614 and 1632 . In: Vera von der Osten-Sacken, Daniel Gerth (Hrsg.): Fürstinnen und Konfession. Contributions of aristocratic women to religious politics and creed formation . Publications of the Institute for European History, Mainz, Supplements, Volume 104, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-525-10136-0 , p. 317

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Kaps: The Principality of Pfalz-Neuburg. Brief historical introduction . Neuburg an der Donau 2008, p. 10 ( PDF )
  2. ↑ Anna (1552–1632), Duchess of Jülich-Kleve-Berg, Countess Palatine near Rhein zu Neuburg  in the German Digital Library , accessed on July 11, 2015
  3. ^ Portrait of Anna von Jülich, Kleve and Berg, Countess Palatine von Neuburg , website in the portal hdgbg.de (House of Bavarian History), accessed on July 11, 2015
personal data
SURNAME Jülich-Kleve-Berg, Anna von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Countess Palatine near the Rhine in Neuburg
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 1552
PLACE OF BIRTH Kleve
DATE OF DEATH October 16, 1632
Place of death Höchstädt on the Danube